unit 3 by https://padlet.com/dominiquedod8117/ghgkbvvv7ssb Made with a wink and a smile en-us 2016-10-07 15:37:57 UTC 2017-05-17 08:27:34 UTC hello@padlet.com Video:  dominiquedod8117 https://padlet.com/dominiquedod8117/ghgkbvvv7ssb/wish/129859615 perception- (top down)the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses.
sensation- ( bottom up)a physical feeling or perception resulting from something that happens to or comes into contact with the body.

bottom up is always more accurate than top down




]]> 2016-10-11 15:45:59 UTC https://padlet.com/dominiquedod8117/ghgkbvvv7ssb/wish/129859615 absolute vs. JND ( just noticeable difference) dominiquedod8117 https://padlet.com/dominiquedod8117/ghgkbvvv7ssb/wish/130153910 absolute threshold: is the smallest level of energy required by an external stimulus to be detectable by the human senses, including vision, hearing, taste, smell and touch.

auditory threshold: threshold of hearing (ATH) is the minimum sound level of a pure tone that an average human ear with normal hearing can hear with no other sound present.

subliminal threshold: the absolute threshold, which was defined as the point at which a stimulus could be detected 50% of the time. By that definition, a stimulus detected 49% of the time would be subliminal. Obviously this is not what people mean when they discuss subliminal effects on human beings. They are usually referring to stimuli too weak or distorted to be detected through conscious effort. 

signal detection: hit(positive), you think you saw someone and you actually did 
false alarm(false positive), you thought you saw some one but it wasn't miss(false negative), there was directions you didn't pay attention to

]]> 2016-10-12 14:59:33 UTC https://padlet.com/dominiquedod8117/ghgkbvvv7ssb/wish/130153910 visual path dominiquedod8117 https://padlet.com/dominiquedod8117/ghgkbvvv7ssb/wish/130477256 cornea, transparent protector- pupil, light continues to enter- iris, colored part of the eye- lens, transparent part of the eye and changes curvature(accommodation)- retina, inner lining on the back of the eyeball that contains receptor cells- blind spot, ability to not see- fovea, line of central focus and holds only cones- optic nerve, carries visual info to the thalamus 
optic chiasm- spot where nerves cross each other left to right or vice versa
lateral- area in the thalamus that interprets images 
Light must pass through the layers of the retina that is called.... transduction
3 layers of retina
rods and cones- 
bipolar cells- specialized neurons connect to rods and cones
ganglion cells- axon of cells made of optic nerve and sends info to the lateral
-- M cells control movement
--- p cells detect color and what item is 
acuity- ability to distinguish fine detail, sharpness  ]]> 2016-10-13 15:17:23 UTC https://padlet.com/dominiquedod8117/ghgkbvvv7ssb/wish/130477256 Visual info.  dominiquedod8117 https://padlet.com/dominiquedod8117/ghgkbvvv7ssb/wish/130755443 Transduction- signals are formed into neural impulses as light passes through the retina 
Parallel Processing- processing of several aspects of a problem simultaneously(color form and motion happen at the same time) 
hubel and weisel- shape, form , and color 
Wavelength- the distance from one wave peak to another light 
      high frequency- blue (short)
      low frequency- red (long)
Amplitude- height of the wave length
    Large- tall wave , bright, loud
    Small- short, dull, not loud
Theories- combined stimulation of these cones cause other colors by mixing light red + green = yellow
After image- cones become saturated, then when you look at a white sheet of paper you see the opposite color due to the saturation of your cones
Color blindness-   Monochromats- back and white     Dichromats- r/g, y/b   Trichromats- normal vision 
Opponent color- three kinds of cones that work on pairs
Surrounding objects- item is viewed with other colors then the colors of the object changes]]> 2016-10-14 14:28:43 UTC https://padlet.com/dominiquedod8117/ghgkbvvv7ssb/wish/130755443 perception dominiquedod8117 https://padlet.com/dominiquedod8117/ghgkbvvv7ssb/wish/131181704 Gestalt- 
figure ground - see n against the ground
proximity- group nearby figures together     similar- group similar figures together 
muller- lines appear to look different but they are the same 
continuity- see smooth pattern      connectedness- when link together we see spots, lines  or areas as a whole
depth- 2 dimension fall on the retina       visual cliff- 6 months babies can understand depth
visual constancy- perceiving objects as unchanging despite changes in retinal images ( color,shape, size, etc)
shape constancy- see same shape despite the angle   size- despite distance objects are the same size
monocular- 1 object blocks the other   relative- 1 closer has a larger retinal  
relative clarity- perception that hazy objects are further than sharp objects  
textual gradient - texture is closer         relative height- object higher appear further away
relative motion- movement of self causes things to look like they move 
linear - parallel lines seem to coverage in distance
light and shadow- the dimmer it appears the farther away it is  
Binocular - require both eye    retinal disparity- difference in sight  convergence- percieving depth
motion- phi- moving when just blinking  assumpt- closer object gets larger
sound- monaural- louder the sound the closer it is binaural- stereophonic- multi directional audio perception]]> 2016-10-17 15:25:13 UTC https://padlet.com/dominiquedod8117/ghgkbvvv7ssb/wish/131181704 sensorineural - Hearing loss caused by damage to the inner ear or the nerve from the ear to the brain. dominiquedod8117 https://padlet.com/dominiquedod8117/ghgkbvvv7ssb/wish/131510601 pinna- outer ear, ear canal- sound travels, eardrum- protected by ear wax vibrates sign, hammer anvil stirrup- air vibrate with these bones and turns into liquid, cochlea- this is how u perceive sound
organ of corti- a structure in the cochlea of the inner ear that produces nerve impulses in response to sound vibrations.
place theory- hear different sounds due to location
frequency theory- vibration triggers neural impulses to the brain at the same rate as sound waves low= fewer high= larger
volley principle- states that groups of neurons of the auditory system respond to a sound by firing action potentials slightly out of phase with one another so that when combined, a greater frequency of sound can be encoded and sent to the brain to be analyzed.

]]> 2016-10-18 15:20:39 UTC https://padlet.com/dominiquedod8117/ghgkbvvv7ssb/wish/131510601 olfactory-  dominiquedod8117 https://padlet.com/dominiquedod8117/ghgkbvvv7ssb/wish/132731100 smell is linked to memory   Taste- flavor = sensory interaction  smell + taste = texture
salty sour sweet bitter & umami 
Skin senses- Cutaneous senses 
your brain is most sensitive to unexpected stimulations
kinesthesis- sense of the body
vestibular- monitor head position &movement (balance)
Pain- atheletes: mindset effect reactions
         Cultures: the way they react to pain
         cognition- telling your self it does not work
Gate control Theory- neuro gate controls the transmission of pain in the brain
Phantom Limb- misinterpretation 
TOUCH- pressure- are our identifying receptors
 ]]> 2016-10-24 15:13:14 UTC https://padlet.com/dominiquedod8117/ghgkbvvv7ssb/wish/132731100