Hong Kong by SITI NUR HAMIZAH BTE MASDIZAM https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5 Made with the strength to succeed en-us 2021-09-15 00:09:14 UTC 2025-04-14 17:25:12 UTC hello@padlet.com Hong Kong hamizahmasdizam2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1740973276 2021-09-15 00:12:06 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1740973276 MAINTANENCE OF SLOPE ezzahwirawan2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1740974357 2021-09-15 00:12:40 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1740974357 Managing landslide in Hong Kong hamizahmasdizam2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1740979960 2021-09-15 00:15:15 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1740979960 hamizahmasdizam2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1740993370 The Hong Kong government has a responsibility to manage landslides]]> 2021-09-15 00:21:33 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1740993370 hamizahmasdizam2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1740995392 The Slope Safety System is managed by the Geotechnical Engineering Office (GEO) of the Civil Engineering Development Department (CEDD), ]]> 2021-09-15 00:22:28 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1740995392 hamizahmasdizam2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1740998058 The GEO has a staff establishment of over 700 for its wide range of activities]]> 2021-09-15 00:23:41 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1740998058 Heavy rainfall and surface runoffs ezzahwirawan2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1740998626 - contributing to slope failure in Hong Kong. 
- vital to remove excess water from slopes.]]> 2021-09-15 00:23:57 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1740998626 Background Deanydna https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741000045 Hong Kong has a long history of landslides largely due to a combination of high rainfall (the wet season is from may to september), steep slopes and dense human developments on the islands.]]> 2021-09-15 00:24:34 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741000045 hamizahmasdizam2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741000740 The GEO maintains its slope safety through investigating and researching the causes of significant and serious landslides to improve the Slope Safety Systems]]> 2021-09-15 00:24:53 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741000740 1. Mulching System danialaini2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741001174 it provides a protective cover that makes it possible for natural vegetation to grow on the slope. One of the advantages of using this technique is it has higher adhesive capacity on steep slopes. ]]> 2021-09-15 00:25:04 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741001174 2.Planting long-rooting grass danialaini2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741006544 it is a fast and cost-effective system to cover man-made slopes. One of the advantages of using this technique is it has low maintenance. ]]> 2021-09-15 00:27:25 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741006544 2 methods to protect slopes : ezzahwirawan2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741007516 -Surface draining systems.
-Protective covers.]]> 2021-09-15 00:27:51 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741007516 Deanydna https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741013311 Between 1947 and 1997, more than 470 people died as a result of landslides.]]> 2021-09-15 00:30:24 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741013311 3.Fibre reinforced soil system danialaini2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741015082 It is constructed by mixing polyester fibre into sandy soils. One of the advantage of using this technique is the fibre strengthens soil particles to prevent erosion. ]]> 2021-09-15 00:31:08 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741015082 Deanydna https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741029381 —> In 1966, rainstorms triggered a massive landslides that killed 64 people. Over 2500 people were homeless and a further 8000 were evacuated.
—> High rainfall for the first ten days in june
—> 300mil had fallen, compared with 130mil in a normal year.]]> 2021-09-15 00:36:41 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741029381 hamizahmasdizam2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741030522 The GEO is continuously updating, maintaining and disclosing the Catalogue of Slopes, which contains information of some 57000 sizeable man-made slopes in Hong Kong]]> 2021-09-15 00:37:09 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741030522 Surface drain ezzahwirawan2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741034578
  • very vulnerable to blockage .
  • without proper drain maintenance , landslides are more common than on slopes without drains .
    • ]]>     2021-09-15 00:38:52 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741034578     hamizahmasdizam2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741039562  One of Hong Kong's government interventions is to ensure that the private owners of slopes take responsibility for slope safety. ]]> 2021-09-15 00:40:53 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741039562 Unfortunately , due to confusion over the responsibility , many drain are not properly maintained . ezzahwirawan2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741041792 2021-09-15 00:41:42 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741041792 Deanydna https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741042154 —> June 11 and 12, over 400mil fell
    —> By 15 June, the area recieved 1650mil of rainfall 
    —> Over 700 landslides were recorded.]]>     2021-09-15 00:41:51 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741042154     hamizahmasdizam2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741042924 If a slope owner does not comply with the regulation, prosecution will lead to a HK$50000 fine, and to imprisonment for up to one year. ]]> 2021-09-15 00:42:11 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741042924 hamizahmasdizam2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741044211  The government intervention in Hong Kong has had successful results. ]]> 2021-09-15 00:42:43 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741044211 hamizahmasdizam2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741046674  The risk from landslides has been reduced by 50 per cent since 1977.]]> 2021-09-15 00:43:40 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741046674 hamizahmasdizam2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741049248  However, as a result of continued population growth, developers increasingly build further up the slopes. ]]> 2021-09-15 00:44:42 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741049248 Man-made slopes : ezzahwirawan2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741049553
  • one of main methods of slope stabilisation used in Hong Kong.
  • contain drains to intercept.
  • direct water away from slopes.
    • ]]>     2021-09-15 00:44:50 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741049553     hamizahmasdizam2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741050485  The risk from landslides, therefore, increases and the damages from a potential slide become greater ]]> 2021-09-15 00:45:11 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741050485 The slope is usually protected from infiltration and erosive effects of water by impermeable hard covers. ezzahwirawan2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741057609 2021-09-15 00:47:51 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741057609 Deanydna https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741057938 • Some geographers believed that vegetation increased the problem. The trees held back many of the smaller landslides and allow larger landslides, washouts, to occur.
    • Other forms of landslides included debris avalanches and rockslides.]]>     2021-09-15 00:47:59 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741057938     ezzahwirawan2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741064045 2021-09-15 00:50:23 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741064045 Deanydna https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741077035 • Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated urban areas worldwide, with a population of 7 million people (2015).
    • Consists of the main island of Hong Kong, the peninsula of Kowloon, The New Territories and more than 230 islands with natural steep terrain and hills. ]]>     2021-09-15 00:55:00 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741077035     Deanydna https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741092714 • Upper slope are steeper than 30°.
    • Most of the population is concentrated along the less steep urban area on both sides of Victoria Harbor. With urban development, landslides are triggered by excavation and building works.]]>     2021-09-15 01:00:47 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741092714     hamizahmasdizam2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741933200 2021-09-15 07:11:25 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1741933200 GEOLOGY 1800sushiluv3r https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1742003506 2021-09-15 07:43:46 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1742003506 The geology of Hong Kong is constructed mainly from 3 rock types 1800sushiluv3r https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1742010679 - Sedimentary rocks 
    - The Granites
    - Volcanic Rocks ]]>     2021-09-15 07:47:04 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1742010679     1800sushiluv3r https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1742014665 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS : 
    GENERALLY FROM LOWLANDS 


    GRANITES & VOLCANIC ROCKS :
    SITUATED ON HIGHER GROUND AND PRONE TO FAILURE ]]>     2021-09-15 07:49:03 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1742014665     Both Granite & Volcanic Rocks are seriously weathered . 1800sushiluv3r https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1742021230 However , granite rocks tend to be weathered more deeply than volcanic rocks as volcanic rocks are more resilient and less prone to slope failure ]]> 2021-09-15 07:52:11 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1742021230 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS 1800sushiluv3r https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1742028774 2021-09-15 07:55:46 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1742028774 THE GRANITE 1800sushiluv3r https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1742030731 2021-09-15 07:56:47 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1742030731 VOLCANIC ROCKS 1800sushiluv3r https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1742036093 2021-09-15 07:59:29 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1742036093 Green techniques danialaini2021 https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1744344624 Refer to the use of natural vegetation to reduce the risk of mass movements. ]]> 2021-09-16 00:59:26 UTC https://padlet.com/hamizahmasdizam2021/gfv9x52f0l6uvzm5/wish/1744344624