Key Quote:“One of the most challenging aspects of special effects, aging and de-aging  techniques,  have been around since the 1930s and have evolved with time and technology.  With  the development of computer technology, films have become progressively digital and computers have the ability to do all  sorts  of  incredible  special  effects.”(Li, 2022, p. 3)

• This quote is significant because it shows how movie special effects were produced historically and now this has vastly changed throughout time with the start of AI. The researcher mentions how films have become progressively digital, and while this calls for several benefits, it diminished human efforts in films that have been used since the early 90s.

Key Quote:“ AI, as Campbell (2016) points out, is often associated with dystopian scenarios in which machines rebel against humanity and tend to dominate the latter. The representation, however, has gradually changed during the history of cinema both in the “physical representation” of AI and in the relationship between man and machine.”(Ahmet, 2023, p. 63)

• This quote is significant because it shows the changing relationship between Ai and humans both outside the fake scenario of a film and inside. While AI typically had a negative connotation in many sci-fi movies, known to be a terrifying overbearing machine, it is now being portrayed as more realistic since the evolution of AI as a concept. The researcher mentions how AI is no longer  solely depicted in dystopian genes, proving just how realistic it has become and how much this technology is being used in society.

Key Quote:“Creating the different frames is the part that is more time consuming because animators spend a lot of hours drawing the characters moving again and again until they get the movement right. They have to take into account a lot of different things like the 12 rules of animation, the human body’s anatomy, even some physical laws, etc.”(Moreno, p. 56)

• This quote is significant because it emphasizes the dedicated human effort needed to create most of the all time classic animation films known globally. The different rules and principles required to achieve a simple animation is explained to prove just how much human effort was required in the past to create these movies, hinting at the loss of this dedication as technology evolves.

Key Quote: “The future of AI is uncertain, with chances of another AI winter or of an even greater AI summer.”( Blagoj et al., 2020, p. 25)

• This quote is significant because it describes the unpredictable trend of AI in our society, with AI winters(declines) and AI summers(inclines) happening nearly spontaneously. Whilst this may seem like a sentence describing the positive growth of AI, it backhandedly calls into question the ethical concerns of AI by proving that its unchecked growth during “summers” may not be consistently positive, but actually lead to a greater downfall in industries depending on AI during its “winters”.

Key Quote: “For instance, one might hold, implausibly, that films represent all events as past—those who take there to be some intrinsic connection between films and memory experience might be drawn to such a view”(Yaffe, 2003, p. 124)

• This quote is significant because it highlights the relationship between historical film and memories. Many viewers are often drawn to  a film experience when it connects to a personal experience, which is often found in many long time classic films which used mostly man-performance. While this quote doesn't explicitly introduce AI as reducing this personal connection, it emphasizes the need to instill a memorable, lingering feeling in the audience through film.

Key quote:“Lombrozo (2016) suggested that one needs to differentiate between distinct possible goals for explainability, while highlighting why and how human explanatory cognition provides crucial constraints for the design of XAI systems.”(Confalonieri et al., 2020, p. 3)

• This quote is significant because it emphasizes that AI systems need to be designed in ways humans can understand, focusing on explainability. Historically, AI was mainly about making systems that worked well, even if people couldn’t understand how they worked. Now, there’s more focus on making AI transparent and understandable, so it aligns better with how humans think and make decisions.

Key quote:“Nobody knows whether AI will allow us to enhance our own intelligence, as Raymond Kurzweil from Google thinks, or whether it will eventually lead us 

into World War III, a concern raised by Elon Musk. However, everyone agrees that it will result in unique ethical, legal, and philosophical challenges that will need to be addressed.”(Haenlein et al., 2019, pg. 9)

• This quote is significant because it shows that the evolution of AI in several industries will undeniably lead to ethical challenges which can affect originally man-centered projects, calling into question the power AI has over the growth of human intelligence. While many powerful corporation heads take varying opinions on the role of AI in our society, this quote shares an overall barrier to human evolution because of AI either philosophically, ethically or legally.

In order to understand why a clear balance in necessary between artificial and human intelligence, we must understand the factors and past of AI leading up to its currently powerful status in our society. This prove that human interference is in fact needed for balance.

Whether it be script making, special effects, or animations, humans have played critical roles in developing these parts of the film to leave a memorable impact on their audience in the past. This proves the benefits of restoring this "handmade" effort rather than letting AI take over all parts of film.

Key Quote:“ It seemed like the aesthetic ideal of participants being able to research, identify, and confirm that a piece of music was written by a human was more emotionally relatable to them and the notion of something like AI to be able to have that experience and emotional connection to be incredibly less likely.”(Stiles, 2024, p.9)

• This quote is significant because it proves the importance of human connection to the film industry regardless of AI’s efficiency or cost reduction in order to give the audience an emotional connection to creative pieces. This emphasizes the need for human-made pieces to be restored as it was in the past without overusing the effective yet empathetically lacking artificial intelligence.

This source adds to my research question by concluding that AI has led to several ethical challenges due to its lack of emphatic standpoint that humans have. This applies to the film industry as well, hence the necessity to restore historically human-centered films.