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      <title>The Great Stink by Robin Mertens</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc</link>
      <description></description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2025-05-03 17:42:37 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2025-05-09 14:02:48 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
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      <item>
         <title>Event in central London during July and August 1858</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435319645</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li><p>Cause: Hot weather --&gt; Bad smell</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Bad smell: </p><ul><li><p>Human waste</p></li><li><p>Industrial effluent</p></li></ul><p><br></p></li></ul>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-04 09:01:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435319645</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Action</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435333358</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li><p>Authorities accepted proposal: Civil engineer<strong>, Joseph Bazalgette. </strong></p></li><li><p>move effluent eastwards.</p></li><li><p>Northern and Southern outfall --&gt; 1859 - 1875. </p></li><li><p>Pumping stations by Charles Driver.</p><ul><li><p>Abbey Mills</p></li><li><p>Crossness</p></li></ul></li><li><p>3 embankments: </p><ol><li><p>Victorian</p></li><li><p>Chelsea  </p></li><li><p>Albert   </p></li></ol></li></ul>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-04 09:37:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435333358</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>River Thames</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435333577</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Largest River in London: </p><ul><li><p>sewage of London</p></li></ul>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-04 09:37:48 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435333577</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Miasma theory</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435336612</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li><p>Noxious form of bad air.</p></li><li><p>Epidemic were linked to this theory.</p></li></ul>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-04 09:45:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435336612</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Southern outfall sewer</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435341125</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-04 09:57:19 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435341125</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Northern outfall sewer</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435341834</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-04 09:58:30 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435341834</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Abbey Mills in Stratford</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435344100</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-04 10:04:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435344100</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Crossness on the Erith Marshes</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435345832</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-04 10:08:12 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435345832</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Victorian embankment</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435347300</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>1865-1870</p><p><br/></p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-04 10:12:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435347300</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Chelsea embankment</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435348440</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>It was opened on 9 May 1874 by Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh. </p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-04 10:14:59 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435348440</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Albert embankment</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435349619</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>commenced in September 1865, and opened in May 1868</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-04 10:18:04 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435349619</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Results</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435350577</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li><p>swage wasn't longer dumped.</p></li><li><p>End to cholera outbreaks.</p></li><li><p>21st century still active. </p></li></ul>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-04 10:20:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435350577</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>17th century: </title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435356930</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Brick sewers have been built when the river were covered for that purpose</p><ul><li><p>Fleet river </p></li><li><p>Wallbrook river</p></li></ul><p><br></p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-04 10:34:02 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435356930</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1856</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435358487</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li><p>100 brick sewers constructed</p></li><li><p>200,000 cesspits  --&gt; <em>fire of explosions</em></p></li><li><p>360 sewers were in a poor state of repair.</p></li></ul><p><strong>John Bazalgette: </strong></p><ul><li><p>his plans were completed. </p></li></ul>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Septic_tank_EN.svg" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-04 10:37:59 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435358487</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1855</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435401128</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Micheal Faraday: </strong></p><ul><li><p>Tested the degrees of opacity</p><ul><li><p>near the bridges the feculence so big they were visible at the surface </p></li><li><p>Smell was bed through the whole river</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Wrote to the Times. </p></li></ul><p> The <strong>MCS </strong>became <strong>MBW (Metropolitan board of workers): </strong></p><ul><li><p>control over the sewers. </p></li></ul><p><br></p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc27.com%2Fdigital-originals%2Faugust-29-1831-michael-faraday-invents-the-transformer%2F&amp;psig=AOvVaw2uZUbR2VzoLySt90CJFhm8&amp;ust=1746447397368000&amp;source=images&amp;cd=vfe&amp;opi=89978449&amp;ved=0CBAQjRxqFwoTCNjgptjliY0DFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-04 12:18:33 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435401128</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1857</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435402318</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>To ease the stench: </p><ul><li><p>Government poured in the river: </p><ul><li><p>Chalk limes</p></li><li><p>Chloride of lime</p></li><li><p>Carbolic acid</p></li></ul></li></ul>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-04 12:20:50 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435402318</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1849</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435404586</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>John Snow: </strong></p><ul><li><p>Published a book: <em>On the mode of communication of chorea  --&gt; </em>Theory of water-borne transmission. </p></li><li><p>Removed handle to the local water pump --&gt; less dead. </p></li></ul>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-04 12:25:42 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435404586</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1831: First cholera outbreak</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435408091</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li><p>6536 casualties</p></li></ul>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/sites/default/files/styles/embedded_image/public/2019-08/king-cholera-wellcome.jpg?itok=_nFr-q_i" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-04 12:29:55 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435408091</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1848-49: Second cholera outbreak</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435408525</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li><p>14 137 casualties</p></li></ul>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-04 12:31:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435408525</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1848: Metropolities commission of Sewers (MCS)</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435411332</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><strong>Edward Chadwick + Royal commission </strong></p><ul><li><p>Superseded 7 of 8 authorities that managed London's sewers since Henry VIII</p></li><li><p>First time unitary had power over capital sanitation section. </p></li><li><p>Chadwick and John Snow --&gt; flushed sewers more --&gt; more Sewage in the Thames.</p></li></ul>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-04 12:37:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435411332</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>August 1848</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435414905</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>MCS --&gt; appoint, <strong>Joseph Bazalgette</strong></p><ul><li><p>consultant engineer </p></li><li><p>Overwork --&gt; impact on his health. </p></li><li><p>First time, he worked again. </p></li><li><p>Developed a systematic plan for the city sewers. </p></li></ul>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://media.londonmuseum.org.uk/images/wagtailsource-signed-drainage-pl.width-1120.format-webp.webp" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-04 12:43:05 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435414905</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1853-54: Third outbreak of Cholera</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435421493</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li><p>10,738 casualties</p></li></ul>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-04 12:57:40 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435421493</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1858</title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435422537</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li><p>wooden water pipe --&gt; iron pipes</p></li><li><p>Combination of flushing toilets + rising population (1 to 3 million). </p><ul><li><p>strain on the failing system. </p></li></ul></li></ul>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-04 13:00:17 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435422537</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Soursces: </title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435429737</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li><p><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/evaamsen/2024/11/13/thames-pollution-and-human-waste-feature-in-science-gallery-exhibit/">https://www.forbes.com/sites/evaamsen/2024/11/13/thames-pollution-and-human-waste-feature-in-science-gallery-exhibit/</a></p></li><li><p><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://heritagecalling.com/2019/03/28/the-story-of-londons-sewer-system/">https://heritagecalling.com/2019/03/28/the-story-of-londons-sewer-system/</a></p></li><li><p><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/pollution-river-thames-history#:~:text=The%20River%20Thames%20is%20London">https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/topics/pollution-river-thames-history#:~:text=The%20River%20Thames%20is%20London</a>'s,was%20also%20the%20city's%20sewer.</p></li><li><p><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Snow">https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Snow</a></p></li><li><p><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/medicine/cholera-victorian-london">https://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects-and-stories/medicine/cholera-victorian-london</a></p></li><li><p><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://www.londonmuseum.org.uk/collections/london-stories/how-bazalgette-built-londons-first-super-sewer/">https://www.londonmuseum.org.uk/collections/london-stories/how-bazalgette-built-londons-first-super-sewer/</a></p></li><li><p><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Stink#June_to_August_1858">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Stink#June_to_August_1858</a></p></li><li><p><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" href="https://isgeschiedenis.nl/nieuws/the-great-stink">https://isgeschiedenis.nl/nieuws/the-great-stink</a></p></li></ul>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.forbes.com/sites/evaamsen/2024/11/13/thames-pollution-and-human-waste-feature-in-science-gallery-exhibit/" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-04 13:15:25 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3435429737</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title></title>
         <author>r1019603_1_1</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438266890</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2025-05-06 15:36:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438266890</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The Omnibus</title>
         <author>Maxime_Blanchard</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438521082</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>A horse-drawn carriage designed to carry <strong>many</strong> <strong>passengers</strong> on <strong>fixed routes </strong>throughout the city. </p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/3780710932/f281b4ad1c7ee8fb5c52416bd4ef1486/Omnibus_2.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-06 18:40:47 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438521082</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The Railway Terminus</title>
         <author>Maxime_Blanchard</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438524192</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Railway stations were built around the <strong>edge of central London</strong>, but they <strong>weren't connected</strong>. This meant that passengers had a hard time navigating between them and this lead to <strong>many bottlenecks</strong>. </p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/3780710932/0ec3d4d49048167ed4d3fc5bcedf249f/Railway_Termini.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-06 18:43:23 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438524192</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Steamboats on the Thames</title>
         <author>Maxime_Blanchard</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438531966</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>The Thames was used as a major asset in <strong>naval transportation</strong>. Using steamboats, millions of passengers travelled through the water over the years.</p><p>Moreover, many goods were transported to the <strong>Port of London</strong>. Some notable advantages were:</p><p><br/></p><ul><li><p>Cost effective <strong>commuter travel</strong></p></li><li><p>Bypassing <strong>street congestion</strong></p></li><li><p>Improved <strong>import &amp; export</strong> of goods</p></li></ul>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/3780710932/c27bbd2d466b5f42e77bce2fb2b27bba/Steamboats_London.webp" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-06 18:49:00 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438531966</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Velocipedes</title>
         <author>Maxime_Blanchard</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438534132</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>The velocipede, an <strong>early version of the bike</strong>, was popular with enthusiasts, but impractical on busy, muddy streets. Yet it would <strong>gain a lot of popularity</strong> in later years.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/3780710932/29e63531e27f711fe6434ecab97eec1f/Velocipede_London.webp" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-06 18:51:02 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438534132</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Horse-Drawn Cabs</title>
         <author>Maxime_Blanchard</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438538517</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Similar to the Omnibus (which would resemble a modern day bus), you had <strong>horse-drawn cabs</strong> (which would resemble a modern day <strong>taxi</strong>). An overwhelming number of individuals carriages competed for space with public transport and pedestrians. The <strong>narrow streets</strong> of London made this <strong>quite impractical</strong>. </p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/3780710932/758260c438bec72e5bac57045154613d/Horse_drawn_Cab.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-06 18:54:57 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438538517</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Urban Planning</title>
         <author>Maxime_Blanchard</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438542747</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>London had a huge population growth in the 19th century and its growth <strong>wasn't centrally managed</strong>. This lead to <strong>chaotic traffic flow</strong>, <strong>poor road connections</strong> and <strong>narrow streets</strong> filled with people trying to travel.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/3780710932/943d6fcf98695457b7f54c6e3c74bdae/Urban_plan_1850_London.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-06 18:59:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438542747</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Paving and Road Conditions</title>
         <author>Maxime_Blanchard</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438546247</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>It didn't help that roads were often <strong>uneven, muddy or cobbled</strong>, which made travel <strong>slow and uncomfortable</strong>. Especially for horse drawn vehicles. Poor drainage made things worse when it rained, leading to <strong>delays and accidents</strong>. </p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/3780710932/a72bcefddd0abad5fdc303e46bbe3bb8/London_paving.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-06 19:02:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438546247</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Pollution and Horse Manure</title>
         <author>Maxime_Blanchard</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438549133</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>There were thousands of horses walking through London daily, which lead to a lot of <strong>manure and urine covering the streets</strong>. This created <strong>serious health and hygiene problems</strong>. </p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/3780710932/9d486811e56465daaa9eeea02d7d40cd/Horse_manure.webp" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-06 19:05:36 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438549133</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Traffic Congestion around Markets</title>
         <author>Maxime_Blanchard</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438551077</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Markets were <strong>busy places </strong>filled with delivery carts, pedestrians and livestock. There places were notorious for having <strong>long and chaotic traffic jams</strong>, especially in the early morning. </p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/3780710932/2163fa48759bf3dffeb72070f4b54f35/London_markets.webp" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-06 19:07:31 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438551077</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>The Role of the Police in Traffic Management</title>
         <author>Maxime_Blanchard</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438555028</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>The <strong>metropolitan police</strong> were increasingly used to <strong>direct the traffic</strong> and prevent accidents from occurring at major junctions. Their presence helped <strong>reduce</strong> and avoid some dangerous bottlenecks.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/3780710932/70df63b4a88bc632a9dd96beca5c5a29/Metropolitan_police.jpg" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-06 19:11:15 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3438555028</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1820s - The Omnibus</title>
         <author>Maxime_Blanchard</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3440242656</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>The Omnibus was introduced in the <strong>1820s</strong> but became popular and <strong>more affordable</strong> by the 1850s as a mean to travel across the city.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/3780710932/1730dcc738be09bb0b96b77cf1063db6/omnibus.jpeg" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-07 16:22:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3440242656</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1830s - Railway Termini</title>
         <author>Maxime_Blanchard</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3440244616</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Soon after the omnibus, railway stations like <strong>King's Cross and Paddington</strong> were built along the edges of central London</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/3780710932/cee89212792cc124d516e19ff8a09e88/King_s_Cross.jpeg" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-07 16:24:17 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3440244616</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1840s - Steamboats</title>
         <author>Maxime_Blanchard</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3440247295</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Steamboats became the alternative way to travel along river Thames, this helped <strong>limit </strong>the <strong>growing amount of bottlenecks</strong> developing across the city.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/3780710932/996588009d68cce3d72374acdbeeb9d9/Steamboats.jpeg" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-07 16:26:19 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3440247295</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1840s - Horse-drawn cabs</title>
         <author>Maxime_Blanchard</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3440249357</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Just like the omnibus, the horse-drawn cab become <strong>more prominent and affordable</strong> by the 1840s-1850s as a mean to travel across London.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/3780710932/7a7d68ad8e5919c6e7b4a511d24d841f/Horse_drawn_cab.jpeg" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-07 16:28:06 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3440249357</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1850s (slow progress) - Urban Planning</title>
         <author>Maxime_Blanchard</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3440251424</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>London went through a <strong>rapid growth</strong> without much planning, leading to messy and overcrowded streets. Efforts to widen roads were still <strong>limited</strong>.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/3780710932/5f5815388b656269d17acd58646e7e8b/Urban_planning.jpeg" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-07 16:29:48 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3440251424</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1850s onwards - Road Conditions</title>
         <author>Maxime_Blanchard</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3440254259</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Along the urban planning came the focus on paving roads with <strong>stone or wood blocks</strong>, but this was still done in a messy and uneven way. Poor drainage worsened things during rain.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/3780710932/175e4679afd44e68bac4f594c0d95319/Road_conditions.jpeg" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-07 16:32:05 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3440254259</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1850s - Pollution and Horse Manure</title>
         <author>Maxime_Blanchard</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3440257289</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>With horse-drawn cabs and the omnibus growing in popularity followed the equally <strong>growing health concerns</strong> centered around an increase in manure and urine covering the London streets, <strong>amplifying pollution</strong>.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/3780710932/cbad613656b11b85afa337eb37084d6f/Horse_manure.webp" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-07 16:34:22 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3440257289</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1850s - Market Traffic Congestion</title>
         <author>Maxime_Blanchard</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3440259670</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Markets such as <strong>Smithfield and Covent Garden</strong> were always busy with carts and crowds. These places were big traffic hotspots in the morning.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/3780710932/55cc6d25f07c7fa92aad76f62d2b0c95/London_market.webp" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-07 16:36:13 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3440259670</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>Late 1850s - Velocipedes</title>
         <author>Maxime_Blanchard</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3440261917</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>Towards the <strong>latter part of the 19th century</strong> is when the early bicycles gained in popularity. They were novel, but not often used due to poor road conditions.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/3780710932/f6a8bcfee98ca21fe1e7b671d9b1fd55/Velocipede.webp" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-07 16:37:58 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3440261917</guid>
      </item>
      <item>
         <title>1850s onward - Role of Police in Traffic Management</title>
         <author>Maxime_Blanchard</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3440264071</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p>As traffic grew, so did the Metropolitan Police's influence on the streets. They kept the order near <strong>stations and markets</strong>.</p>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/3780710932/ed9bf9c20fc0d17cdb65253ccbda7965/Metropolitan_police.jpeg" />
         <pubDate>2025-05-07 16:39:43 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/r1019603_1_1/gbnx5svujhtnwxpc/wish/3440264071</guid>
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