Theories of Counseling & Psychotherapy by Annika Hudsn https://padlet.com/hudson_annika10/gal6xazteygr Historical Foundations en-us 2017-05-11 21:14:54 UTC 2025-11-19 22:28:27 UTC hello@padlet.com First Force hudson_annika10 https://padlet.com/hudson_annika10/gal6xazteygr/wish/171383429 19th Century ---> There was little known about emotional differences & mental disorders, people who fell under these categories were sent to institutions.
(Photographed below ---> Individual in an institution) ]]> 2017-05-11 23:37:04 UTC https://padlet.com/hudson_annika10/gal6xazteygr/wish/171383429 Second Force hudson_annika10 https://padlet.com/hudson_annika10/gal6xazteygr/wish/171383610 Sigmund Freud ---> created a limited base for how to approach psychotherapy by looking at long-term treatment & unconscious processes

B.F. Skinner, Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck, William Glasser, and Donald Meichenbaum --->  researched & practiced: behavior treatment approaches (initiated in the 1970s, but more so developed in the 1980s), resulting in an approach that gained attention and support. 

*Overall the second force focused on the present, while working to replace dysfunctional behavior through positive actions. 
(Photographed below ---> Sigmund Freud)
]]> 2017-05-11 23:39:06 UTC https://padlet.com/hudson_annika10/gal6xazteygr/wish/171383610 Third Force hudson_annika10 https://padlet.com/hudson_annika10/gal6xazteygr/wish/171384838 1960s ---> Carl Rogers took the lead by studying existential humanistic psychotherapy.

Fritz Perle, Viktor Fankl  enforced the importance of emotion and sensation.

*Overall, the third force took an initiative to enforce the idea of discovering a meaning to life, while also brining attention to therapeutic alliance.
(Photographed below ---> Carl Rogers)]]> 2017-05-11 23:52:17 UTC https://padlet.com/hudson_annika10/gal6xazteygr/wish/171384838 Fourth Force hudson_annika10 https://padlet.com/hudson_annika10/gal6xazteygr/wish/171385554 21st Century ---> 1st, 2nd & 3rd forces are combined. This creates a more wholesome and comprehensive understanding of an individual, while factoring in: sex, gender, culture, age, race and sexual orientation. 

As a result, the following became essential in counseling profession 
  • Cultural components
  • Having a positive relationship with clients
  • Open mind to client perspectives on their own self & the world
  • Providing effective treatment plans 
  • Collaborating/Networking with other professionals

*Overall, the fourth force developed, narrative therapy & dialectic. These therapies create a unique way to comprehend a client's experiences entirely, as well as encourage them to take a proactive role in altering their emotions, perceptions and behaviors. 
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