• Simple Past: Used to describe actions that happened and were completed in the past.

  • Example: She walked to the park yesterday.

• Present Progressive: Used to describe actions that are happening right now or are ongoing.

  • Example: She is walking to the park now.

• They played soccer yesterday afternoon.

• They are playing soccer right now.

Step 2: Analysis

• What do you notice about the verbs in each set of examples?

Step 3: Rule Discovery

• The simple past refers to completed actions.

• The present progressive refers to ongoing actions.

1. simple sentence

2. compound sentence

3. complex sentence

Past continuous: talking about the progressing event in a past time.

e.g., I was doing my homework last night.

Past perfect continuous: talking about the progressing event in a past time and have finished before the present time.

e.g. I had been doing my homework from 7pm to 11pm last night.

Example:I was buying food in the supermarket.

2.Past perfect continuous:used to describe ongoing actions leading up to another past action or point in the past

Example: I had been buying food in the supermarket .

Simple past: An action complete in the past.

Present progressive:an action that is happening right now.

Example sentences:

• She’s waving to me.

present continuous tense, which indicates the action happening right now.

• She waved to me.

simple past tense, which indicates that an action had finished in a specific point in the past.

1.Example: I had been talking to you yesterday’s night

I was talking to you when you are hugging the girl

2.Analysis

In the first sentence, that means I talked to you all the night.

The second one only occurred in the specific time.

3.discover

Past continuous has to contain specific time

Past perfect continuous need a time as well but not that specific

past continuous: an event happened in the past, and it was undergoing at that time.

example: I was doing my homework when she called me.

past perfect continuous: an event also happened in the past, but it was completed before that time.

example: I had done my homework when she called me.

Past continuous is used for describing a past event in a progressive way; past perfect continuous is used for describing a past event that happened prior to a certain time relatively.

Inductive approach:

Past continuous:

“I was doing homework yesterday.”

Past perfect continuous:

“I had been doing homework when she called me yesterday.”

• Example: Irene kissed Seulgi.

• Present Progressive: Used to describe actions that are happening right now or are ongoing.

• Example: Irene is hugging Seulgi.

Past continuous:

I were swimming at 7:00 a.m. yesterday.

Past perfect continuous:

I had been swimming at 7:00 a.m. at that time.

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Past continuous is to describe A certain action was "in progress" during a certain period in the past.

Past perfect continuous is to describe an action that had been continuously happening before a certain point in the past, emphasizing its long duration and continuity.

Explanation of Rules:

• Past Continuous: Used to describe actions that were ongoing at a specific point in the past.

• Example: She was walking to the park when it started to rain.

• Past Perfect Continuous: Used to describe actions that were ongoing in the past and were completed before another action or specific point in the past.

• Example: She had been walking to the park for an hour before she realized she forgot her wallet.

Step 1:

• He was sleeping.

• He had been sleeping.

Step 2:

• Can you explain the difference between the verbs of the two sentences?

Step 3:

• Past continuous= S+ was+ V-ing

• Past perfect continuous= S+ had+ been+ V-ing

Deductive Approach

Step 1:

• past continuous: used to describe an action that was interrupted by another event

• Past perfect continuous: used to indicate that an event began in the past, continued for a period of time, and ended in the past.

Step 1:

• After jogging, she went to the cafe that she loves.

Step 2:

• Can you show the different clauses that are included in the sentence?

Step 3:

• A sentence that has one independent clause and at least one subordinate clause.

Deductive Approach

Step 1:

• A complex sentence includes a subordinate clause and an independent clause

  Example: Even though I hate chocolate, I’m going to eat it anyway.

Deductive:

A simple sentence : at least one independent clause.

Example: She excercises every morning.

Inductive:

Example: She excercises every morning.

My dog barks loudly.

Question: What do you notice about the verbs and word order in each set of examples?

Rule discovery: A simple sentence is included at least one independent clause.

Definition: A compound sentence is a sentence with two or more independent clauses, joined by a conjunction, a semicolon, or a conjunctive adverb.

Inductive approach:

Example sentence: “Chop the onions, and fry them until golden.”

The most basic English sentence structure. The sentence structure is like "Subject+ Verb+Object".

Example: I hate you.

Examples:

"I went to the beach"

"I want to go eat dinner now"

"Can you help me with this please?"

Questions to ask:

Does this sentence stand alone? Can it be broken down into smaller parts? Does this sentence have multiple ideas?

Rule discovery:

Simple sentences are sentences that can stand alone as an independent clause.

Deductive Approach

Rule:

A simple sentence consists of one independent clause

Examples:

"I went to the beach"

"I want to go eat dinner now"

"Can you help me with this please?"

Show students the structure of the sentence. E.g S+V+O And ask them to make a sentence.

Example:I like hot pot.

Inductive grammar:

Give students many sentences. And ask them the structure.

I like hot pot. I eat ice cream.

Inductive

1. Give stidents some examples of simple and complex sentences, like "She likes to eat apples." and "She likes to eat apples because they are sweet."

2. Let students observe the differences between those sentences.

3. Discovery

-

Simple sentence: S.+V.+O.

Complex sentence:S.+V.+O.+conj.+clauses

Deductive

1.Teach students the structures.

Simple sentence: S.+V.+O.

Complex: sentence:S.+V.+O.+conj.+clauses

2.Give them some examples

Simple: I like to swim.

Complex: I like to swim because it's healthy.

1. Giving examples

   1. I love you.

   2. I love you, and you love me.

   3. I love you even though you are silly.

2. Ask what did they observe from these three sentences.

3. Explain the concepts of simple sentences, compound sentences, and complex sentences.

Deductive Approach

1. Explain concepts of simple sentences, compound sentences, compound sentences.

2. Give an example for each sentences.

   1. I love you.

   2. I love you, and you love me.

   3. I love you even though you are silly.

1. Simple sentence

   Simple sentence is a sentence contain only one clause with a subject and a predicate.

   for example: The woman watches movie.

2. Compound sentence

   Compound sentence combine two clauses through conjunction or punctuation.

   for example: The woman watches movie, and her phone is ringing.

3. Complex sentence

   Complex sentence combine an independent sentence and at least one dependent sentence that can’t stand alone to create a new complete sentence.

   for example: The woman watches the movie whenever she wants to relax.

Give examples like “The dog runs.” Let students observe and figure out that a simple sentence has one subject and one verb.

Deductive Approach:

Explain the rules first: “A simple sentence has one subject and one verb.” Then give examples like “The cat sleeps.” and let students practice.

Compound sentence: two independent clauses

Deductive: teach grammar, then give sample sentence. Then ask students to make sentences.

Inductive: provide sample sentences and then organize, find an order.

deductive:

It is a single independent sentence with a subject and predicate.

Example: I ate an apple.

inductive:

examples:

·I left.

·She has snacks.

·The bear caught fish.

analysis :

What do you notice about the forms of the three sentences? What are they composed of ?

rules discovery :

They are composed of a subject and a verb, and some have an object after the verb.

They don't have conjunction.

1. Introduce the rule: a simple sentence consists of a subject and a predicate (verb).

2. Provide examples: “The sun is shining.”

3. Break down the examples: subject: the sun, predicate: shining

4. Guided practice: provide sentence fragments and ask students to combine them into simple sentences.

1. Show examples: I studied hard, so I passed the exam

2. Ask them what they notice about the sentence.

3. Explained that a compound sentence has 2 independent clauses with a conjunction

4. Tell them to practice.

Deductive approach

1. Tell them what c compound sentence is and tell them how to construct the format.

2. Show example “I studies hard, so I passed the exam”

3. Analysize the example

4. Tell them to practice

1)Meaning:

1.Simple sentence is a single independent clause with a subject and predicate

2.A compound sentence is a sentence that connects two independent clauses.

2)Differences:

First one only has one clause but the second one has two

3)Examples :

Simple sentence example： I go to park today.

compound sentence: I go to park that is near the school