https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x Sophie Barber Genocide Studies Project en-us 2023-03-24 13:14:33 UTC 2023-03-27 01:36:08 UTC hello@padlet.com sophiabarber https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530417410   The Treaty of Versailles radified peace between Germany and the victorious Allies. The Treaty held Germany solely responsible for WWI and imposed harsh punishments such as loss of territory, reduced military, and 300 billion dollars of reparations, leaving Germans impoverished and resentful. 

]]> 2023-03-24 13:20:07 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530417410 sophiabarber https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530427207 The Mein Kampf, written by Adolf Hitler, became a popular book across Germany. In the book, Hitler presents himself as the leader of the extreme right. The literature spread the beliefs of Nazism; harsh antisemitism, a racist worldview where only Germans are pure, aggressive nationalism, and foreign policy of German expansion. Over 12 million copies were sold. 

]]> 2023-03-24 13:27:25 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530427207 sophiabarber https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530429660    The Nazi Party was founded in 1920. It sought to appeal German workers away from socialism and communism and move them towards an The Nazi Party was founded in 1920. It sought to appeal German workers away from socialism and communism and move them towards an anti-semitic and anti-Marxist ideology. It was at this point that the Nazi party became a subject a topic among Germany.

]]> 2023-03-24 13:29:00 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530429660 sophiabarber https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530430132    In 1923, Germans became victims of price rapid inflation that created national misery and suffering. The value of paper money decreased so quickly that German companies paid employees in the morning so they could spend their wages at lunchtime just to eat. Germans needed huge amounts of paper money for even basic needs. German corporations found it impossible to do business or trade abroad. The Weimar government had no capacity for paying the reparations in the treaty of Versailles. This mass poverty across Germany led to a distrust in the current German government, and desperation that made people more vulnerable to the Nazi party. 

]]> 2023-03-24 13:29:22 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530430132 sophiabarber https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530430967  The American Stock Market Crash quickly led to a worldwide depression, worsening the German economy. The German population, surrounded by deteriorating economic conditions, was angry, frightened, and financially struggling, making Hitler and the Nazi party’s offers of hope and nationalism more appealing. 

]]> 2023-03-24 13:30:01 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530430967 sophiabarber https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530437980 Hitler and the Nazi Party ran a campaign in 1930, traveling across the country giving speeches, shaking hands, leading torchlight parades, and signing autographs. Nazi newspapers were printed in the millions. The Nazi message was pounded into the minds of every German. The Nazis received 6,371,000 votes, receiving 107 seats in the German Reichstag. Through this election, the Nazi Party went from the smallest to the second largest political party in Germany.

]]> 2023-03-24 13:35:14 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530437980 sophiabarber https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530439972   Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany by German president Paul von Hindenburg out of intimidation of Hitler’s rising power. This new position allowed him to strengthen and grow his army, and increased his power and control. 

]]> 2023-03-24 13:36:42 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530439972 sophiabarber https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530442634 On February 27th, 1933, the parliamentary building in Berlin- the Reichstag, went up in flames from an arson attack. Adolf Hitler was able to use this disaster to claim that Communists were planning a “violent uprising”, and that emergency action was needed to stop them. This resulted in the abolishment of various constitutional protections, paving the way for a Nazi dictatorship- the rise of Adolf Hitler. 

]]> 2023-03-24 13:38:32 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530442634 sophiabarber https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530444128    On March 23rd, the Enabling Act was passed, allowing Hitler to pass his own laws without permission from the president or the Reichstag ( The German Parliament) for up to 4 years. Only Social Democrats voted against the act, but they were, at this point, in the minority. On this day Hitler was basically given the dictatorship of Germany, all the power was in his hands. 

]]> 2023-03-24 13:39:36 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530444128 sophiabarber https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530446770  On this day the first concentration camp was built by the Nazi government, under Hitler’s command. Dachau became a model for future camps while also serving as a training base for SS concentration camp guards. Scholars believe that at least 40,000 prisoners lost their lives here.  At Dachau prisoners experienced medical experiments, forced labor, gas chambers, and other types of mass murder. 

]]> 2023-03-24 13:41:07 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530446770 sophiabarber https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530448504  On May 10th, 1933, university students across Germany burned over 25,000 books. The books consisted of Jewish authors, blacklisted American authors, and Democratic ideas. As students gave the Nazi salute, watching the flames, they were actively destroying evidence of ideas that contradicted Nazism. The burning was a planned event, reflecting the ultimate goal of destroying a culture. The burnings only gave Hitler more power, silencing the ideas of those who opposed him. 

]]> 2023-03-24 13:42:19 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530448504 sophiabarber https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530450201 On July 14th, 1933, Hitler passed the Law against Founding of New Parties. With this law, political parties other than the Nazi party became illegal, and were therefore disbanded or dissolved. This made Germany a one-party nation of dictatorship, where the law fell in the hands of the only surviving party- Adolf Hitler and the Nazis.  

]]> 2023-03-24 13:43:33 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530450201 sophiabarber https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530451248    On November 8-9 of 1923, Hitler, Erich Ludendorff, and the Nazi party attempted to overthrow the current German socialist government- the Weimar Republic. At this point, the Nazi party was still a small, right-wing extremist group in Germany. The hope was that this event would launch a national revolution against the socialists. The overthrow failed, and Adolf Hitler along with other ringleaders were arrested for treason, which infuriated Hitler ( very hypocritical considering what he does later to those who don’t support the Nazi party). Hitler’s incarceration only made the Nazi party more determined, and from this experience, Hitler learns that the legal path through elections to gain support was a more effective path to power. ]]> 2023-03-24 13:44:14 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530451248 sophiabarber https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530492349 As the SA (The Sturmabteilung, a paramilitary organization associated with the Nazi party), grew in power and influence, Hitler grew anxious that they would take over ther part, threatening his dictatorship. So on June 30th, 1934, Hitler ordered his elite SS guards to murder SS leaders and any other perceived opponents. This event solidified Hitler’s complete control over the party as well as over Germany as a whole. ]]> 2023-03-24 14:12:15 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530492349 sophiabarber https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530497737 Germany’s president Paul von Hindenburg dies on August 2nd at age 87. With his death, Hitler transitions from chancellor to a complete dictator of Gemrnay, combining the power of president and the offices of the chancellor. He called his new position the Fuhrer. To his credit, Hitler held a vite to see if the German population supported the transition, about 90% were in his favor ( regardless of the fact that these votes were likely a product of fear, intimidation, and brainwashing). It was with Paul von Hindenburg’s death that Hitler’s power became truly limitless. ]]> 2023-03-24 14:15:47 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2530497737 sophiabarber https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2531473183  On September 15th, 1935, Hitler passed two new laws related to race called the Nuremberg Laws. The first law called the Reich Citizenship Law made it so that those without “German blood”, (this targeted Jews, defined by Nazis as a different race), could not be citizens. This left Jews with zero political rights or equality under the law. The second law called the Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor was basically a love law. It made what the Naxis called race-maxing illegal, banning future intermarriage or sexual relations between Jews and people of “German blood”. Hitler believed that these relationships were dangerous and undermined the purity of the German race. However, these laws also empowered non- "Aryan” Germans, giving Hitler and the Nazi party future power. 

]]> 2023-03-25 21:03:27 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2531473183 sophiabarber https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2531479794 The 1936 Berlin Olympic Games were used by Hitler as a show of Nazi propaganda. For those 2 weeks of sporting events, Adolf Hitler’s Nazi dictatorship was presented in a completely false light. The Nazi party’s racist, anti-semitic, military-focused agenda was covered by an image of a peaceful, tolerant Germany. The world was given a false narrative of Hilter and what he planned to do with his power, which prevented international interference. Hitler knew that foreign powers could threaten his dictatorship, so these Olympics were a big step in deceiving the rest of the world, empowering Hilter and his hidden intentions. 

]]> 2023-03-25 21:25:48 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2531479794 sophiabarber https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2531494019 Adolf Hitler wanted to control the culture of Germany as well as its politics. The Nazi party identified many modern artists that contradicted the Nazi ideology and were therefore labeled by Hitler as “sick” and immoral”. The Nazis destroyed, confiscated, and re-sold for profit these works of art, some of which were in modern German art museums. Pieces of confiscated art were displayed for the public in an exhibit in  Munich, called the “Degenerate Art Exhibition. This exhibition sent a message and threat to modern artists throughout Germany, giving Hitler the power of freedom of artistic expression. ]]> 2023-03-25 22:14:17 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2531494019 sophiabarber https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2531499238 On November 9-10th, 1938, the Nazi party committed a series of pogroms against jewish communities in Germany later called the Kristallnacht/ The Night of Broken Glass ( because of the shattered glass that lined the streets from vandalized Jewish small businesses, synagogues, and homes). Jewish men were taken to concentration camps, while the pogroms were covered by the nazi party as simply “a spontaneous response of the german population to the assassination of Ernst vom Rath”- who in reality was killed by Nazis. Arrests were made across the nation for simply being jewish. Following this event Hitler ordered the Jewish community to pay 1 billion fee as an “atonement tax” (which in my opinion is scarily similar to the reparations that Germany was forced to pay after WWI that felt so unjust to Hilter and the Nazi party). This further disempowered the Jewish population in Germany, leaving many homeless, jobless, incarcerated, or stuck in concentration camps. This last event staged conditions perfect for a genocide, with all the power in the hands of the totalitarian government- Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party. 

]]> 2023-03-25 22:33:47 UTC https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2531499238 sophiabarber https://padlet.com/sophiabarber/g5ru52uoyeesas7x/wish/2532239842

https://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/elect.htm 

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/true-story-reichstag-fire-and-nazis-rise-power-180962240/ 

https://www.annefrank.org/en/timeline/48/the-enabling-act-even-more-power-for-hitler/ 

https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/goebbels-burnings/ 

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Nazi-Party 

https://digscholarship.unco.edu/ug_pres_2020/39/ 

https://www.yadvashem.org/yv/en/exhibitions/kristallnacht/index.asp

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