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      <title>食農教育常用法規 by </title>
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      <pubDate>2024-01-02 12:16:43 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>食品衛生管理法</title>
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         <title>每日飲日指南</title>
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         <title>我的餐盤</title>
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         <title>食農教育法</title>
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         <title>三章1Q</title>
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         <title>學校午餐食物內容及營養基準</title>
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         <title>學校衛生法</title>
         <author>po133</author>
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         <title>臺灣海鮮指南</title>
         <author>po133</author>
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         <pubDate>2024-01-02 12:31:35 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>各種乳品定義</title>
         <author>po133</author>
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         <description><![CDATA[<p>•<strong>生乳：</strong>指從健康乳牛、乳羊擠出，經冷卻且未經其他處理之生乳汁。</p><p>•鮮乳：指以 100% 生乳為原料，經殺菌包裝後，必須全程冷藏保存、販售並飲用的乳汁。</p><p>•<strong>調味乳：</strong>以 50% 以上之生乳、鮮乳或保久乳為主要原料，添加調味料等加工製成之調味乳，如巧克力、麥芽或蘋果口味的調味乳。</p><p>•<strong>保久乳（滅菌乳）：</strong>以生乳或鮮乳經高壓滅菌或高溫滅菌後，以無菌包裝供飲用之乳汁，可置於常溫保存。因幾乎沒有殘留微生物，擁有最長的保存期限。</p><p>•<strong>乳飲品：</strong>將乳粉（奶粉）或濃縮乳加水還原成與原鮮乳比例相同的還原乳，並且乳成分佔總內容物含量 50% 以上；或是將還原乳混合生乳、鮮乳或保久乳後，佔總內容物含量 50% 以上。乳飲品可以混和其他非乳原料及食品添加物製成未發酵飲用製品。白話一點就是，很可能整瓶當中完全沒有台灣的生乳成分，而是用奶粉或進口還原乳等其他加工製成的！</p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2024-01-02 12:39:56 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>鮮乳的殺菌方法</title>
         <author>po133</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/po133/g55hfqt4ks60dnvi/wish/2836842938</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<p><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="tooltip-target" href="https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/81176/">鮮乳的殺菌方法有幾種，包括</a></p><p><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="tooltip-target" href="https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/81176/">低溫長時間殺菌法（LTLT）</a></p><p><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="tooltip-target" href="https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/81176/">標準高溫短時間殺菌法（HTST）</a></p><p><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="tooltip-target" href="https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/81176/">寬鬆高溫短時間殺菌法（HHST）</a></p><p><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="tooltip-target" href="https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/81176/">超高溫短時間殺菌法（UHT）</a><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="ac-anchor sup-target" href="https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/81176/"><sup>1</sup></a>. <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="tooltip-target" href="https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/81176/">這些方法的差異在於加熱的溫度和時間，最直接影響的是生菌數的殘留、牛乳營養素的保留和有限期限的長短</a><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="ac-anchor sup-target" href="https://health.udn.com/health/story/6037/6657487"><sup>2</sup></a>.</p><p><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="tooltip-target" href="https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/81176/">低溫長時間殺菌法（LTLT）是指將牛奶加熱到62℃到65℃，保持30分鐘，這種殺菌法較能保留維生素和乳清蛋白等營養成分</a><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="ac-anchor sup-target" href="https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/81176/"><sup>1</sup></a>.</p><p><br/></p><p> <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="tooltip-target" href="https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/81176/">標準高溫短時間殺菌法（HTST）是指將牛奶加熱到72℃到75℃，保持15秒，這種殺菌方法好處是能保留較多乳清蛋白</a><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="ac-anchor sup-target" href="https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/81176/"><sup>1</sup></a>. </p><p><br/></p><p><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="tooltip-target" href="https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/81176/">寬鬆高溫短時間殺菌法（HHST）在牛奶殺菌處理上，業者同樣使用HTST殺菌設備，不過為了確保鮮奶在運輸和販售過程中的安全，殺菌溫度拉高至80℃到90℃，時間也超過15秒，以降低生菌數</a><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="ac-anchor sup-target" href="https://www.newsmarket.com.tw/blog/81176/"><sup>1</sup></a>. <a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="tooltip-target" href="https://www.fda.gov.tw/Tc/PublishOtherEpaperContent.aspx?id=1457&amp;tid=4322&amp;r=931687887">超高溫短時間殺菌法</a></p><p><br/></p><p><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="tooltip-target" href="https://www.fda.gov.tw/Tc/PublishOtherEpaperContent.aspx?id=1457&amp;tid=4322&amp;r=931687887">（UHT）是指將牛奶加熱到125℃到135℃之間，時間最多2到3秒，這種殺菌方法幾乎可將99.9%的生菌殺死，來降低鮮乳在運輸及販售期間因冷藏溫度變動而產生變質，確保鮮乳的安全性</a><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="ac-anchor sup-target" href="https://www.fda.gov.tw/Tc/PublishOtherEpaperContent.aspx?id=1457&amp;tid=4322&amp;r=931687887"><sup>3</sup></a><a rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow" class="ac-anchor sup-target" href="https://health.udn.com/health/story/6037/6657487"><sup>2</sup></a>.</p><p><br/></p>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2024-01-02 12:46:29 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>鮮乳知識</title>
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         <title>日本學校給食法</title>
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         <pubDate>2024-01-02 19:15:21 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author>po133</author>
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         <title>香山食材物語</title>
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