Mind map 10 D. Ecology by Галия Токсеитова https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e en-us 2015-04-10 07:27:56 UTC 2023-05-03 22:28:19 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/1f420.png modes of nutrition https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535194501 autotrophic - 
  • Synthesises its own organic molecules from simple inorganic substances (e.g. CO2, nitrates).
  • Energy - from sunlight (photosynthesis - green plants, photoplankton, algae) or via the oxidation of inorganic molecules (chemosynthesis - deep sea bacteria). 
  • Commonly reffered to as producers
heterotrophic - 
  • obtains organic molecules, energy from other organisms (living/recently killed, non-living & detritus) 
  • consumers (living/recently killed) - primary eat producers (herbivore), secondary eat other consumers (carnivore, omnivore). Tertiary = top consumer. 
  • decomposers (non-living organic matter) - detrivores ingest non-living org. matter (- for ex. earthworms, woodlice), saprotrophs live in/on non-living org., secreting digestive enzymes into it & absorbing digestive products (bacteria, fungi) 





]]> 2020-04-28 03:44:28 UTC https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535194501 Carbon cycle https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535194510  fr.LimeCarbon is a base element for all organic compounds, and its movement between abiotic and biotic environments is called the carbon cycle. There are several steps:
1. Photosynthesis. Using the energy of light plants and algae incorporate carbon into organic compounds, such as glucose.
2. Cellular respiration. It is the process opposite to photosynthesis, which uses carbon compounds as a fuel and releases CO2 into the abiotic environemnt.
3. Plant remains. Partly decomposed plant are stored in the soil for millions of years and form coal deposits.
4. Unicellular marine organisms. Planktons and others form underground/underwater deposits of oil and gas.
5. Combustion. It is both natural and anthropogenous process, in which carbon compounds react with oxygen to release CO2 or CO into the atmosphere. 
6. Limestone formation. It is formed on the ocean floor from dead shelled marine organisms.
7. Limestone erosion. When carbon is exposed to chemical and physical weathering, CO2 is once again released into the atmosphere and hydrosphere. ]]> 2020-04-28 03:44:29 UTC https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535194510 Phosphorus cycle https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535194647 Definition:
Is the process by which phosphorus moves through the litho-, hydro-, and bio- spheres.
Steps:
1. Weathering:
Extraction of phosphorus from the rocks by weathering. (weather events, sources of erosion, result in phosphorus being washed into the soil/water system)
2. Absorption:
From soil plants (+ from water), fungi, and microorganisms are able to absorb phosphorus and grow / animals obtain it from plants and water.
3. Return:
Process of decomposition that results return of phosphorus back to the environment.
Bonus: Human Impact
1. Fertilizers;
2. Artificial eutrophication;
3. Distribution of food products.
]]> 2020-04-28 03:44:38 UTC https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535194647 Food Webs and Chains https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535194729 Energy is transferred from one organism to another in the direction of the arrow,
showing the flow of energy through the chain.
Food chains always start with a producer. The source of energy for all food chains is always the sun
Food web: a network of many food chains
Food chains "end" with top predators, animals that have little or no natural enemies]]> 2020-04-28 03:44:43 UTC https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535194729 Nitrogen cycle https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535194761 Definition:
Nitrogen cycle is a biochemical cycle by  which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere.
Key point:
Nitrogen is an essential element for amino acids, nucleic acids, etc. in all organisms.
The cycle:
Nitrogen cycle consist of 5 parts: Fixation, Ammonification, Nitrification, Dinitrification.
  • Nitrogen Fixation:
Definition: A process in which nitrogen is converted into ammonia
Formula: N2 ----- NH3 or NH4
Basics Nitrogen to Ammonia
  1. Biological - Nitrogen fixing bacteria forms symbiotic relationship with plant. Bacteria provides nitrogen to plant, plant given glucose to the bacteria. In aquatic environment cyanobacteria(green-blue algae) provides nitrogen cycle.
  2. Environmental - Lighting, forest fire, hot lava flow - breaks bond of nitrogen atom creating ammonia.
  3. Human - burning fossil fuels, using synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, cultivation of legumes(peas, beans) all fix nitrogen.

  • Nitrification
Definition: a process in which ammonia is converted into nitrate.
Basics:  Ammonia to nitrate
Formula:
NH3orNH4---NO2; NO2--NO3

  • Assimilation
An uptake of organic matter with already fixed nitrogen(that is eaten in form of nitrate by plants) in it by top consumers. 

Basics: nitrates to organic compounds (lipids, etc)

  • Ammonification (Nitrogen Mineralisation)
Definition: A process of decay of dead bodies, made by decomposers, into ammonia.
Basics nitrogen to ammonia
Formula: N---NH4+

  • Denitrification
Definition: process when nitrogen is removed from ecosystem to atmosphere
Formula NO3 ---- n2

Basics: Nitrates to nitrogen



]]> 2020-04-28 03:44:45 UTC https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535194761 Consumers https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535194815 PRIMARY:
Herbivores - consumers who eat producers. They incluse some types of plants and bacteria (e.g. sheep, deer, rabbit, cow)
SECONDARY:
Carnivores - these consumers eat other consumers (e.g. fox, wolf, shark, snake)
Omnivores - consumers who eat both producers and other consumers (e.g. human, pig, bear, opossum)]]> 2020-04-28 03:44:48 UTC https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535194815 Phosphorus cycle https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535196139  WHERE: DNA, cell membranes (phospholipids), bones (calcium phosphate)
FUNCTION: Limiting nutrient that puts limit on growth.
CYCLE: Rocks, volcanic ash -> soil, water-> plants, aquatic  organisms-> animals -> detritivores, soil, sedimentary layers(under water)
THREAT(eutrophication):  Fertilizers -> algae or other microbes -> make water produce toxic compounds, uses oxygen when decomposing -> lack of oxygen underwater to the aquatic organisms

]]> 2020-04-28 03:46:11 UTC https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535196139 Energy Pyramid https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535198240 2020-04-28 03:48:07 UTC https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535198240 Reasoning behind loss of energy. Only 10% of energy travels fron one trophic level to another, because of the following reasons:energy is lost due to metabolic processes, not all food is being eaten (bones), not all food is digested. https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535199668 2020-04-28 03:49:42 UTC https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535199668 https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535210941 2020-04-28 04:00:55 UTC https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535210941 https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535211341 2020-04-28 04:01:16 UTC https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/535211341 Food chain Zhangir https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/593959384 Grass - Autotroph

]]> 2020-05-26 03:46:34 UTC https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/593959384 https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/596212842 2020-05-27 06:18:48 UTC https://padlet.com/toxseitova_g/g1l9hse56b7e/wish/596212842