Karl Benz (in light suit) on a trip with his family with one of his first cars, which was built in 1893 and powered by a single cylinder, 3 h.p. engine. His friend Theodor von Liebig is in the Viktoria. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images)
Nellija Barinova

The phone structure is in the simplest case an electrical circuit-coupled sensitive microphone (the creation and improvement of which was an important part of the phone's creation) and the speakerphone. These two devices are built into a telephone handset, although earlier in the early 20th century there were phones with these components separately.

Krista Arule

In 1876, Scottish emigrant Alexandr Graham Bell was the first to be granted a United States patent for a device that produced clearly intelligible replication of the human voice. This instrument was further developed by many others. The telephone was the first device in history that enabled people to talk directly with each other across large distances. Telephones rapidly became indispensable to businesses, government, and households, and are today some of the most widely used smallappliances.

Viktorija Koļuševa.

The clock is one of the oldest human inventories, meeting the need to measure intervals of time shorter than the natural units: the day, the lunar month, and the year. Devices operating on several physical processes have been used over the millennia. A sundial shows the time by displaying the position of a shadow on a flat surface. There is a range of duration timers, a well-known example being the hourglass. Water clocks, along with the sundials, are possibly the oldest time-measuring instruments. A major advance occurred with the invention of the verge escampe which made possible the first mechanical clocks around 1300 in Europe, which kept time with oscillating timekeepers like balance wheels spring-driven clocks appeared during the 15th century. During the 15th and 16th centuries, clockmaking flourished. The next development in accuracy occurred after 1656 with the invention of the pendulum clock. A major stimulus to improving the accuracy and reliability of clocks was the importance of precise time-keeping for navigation. The electric clockwas patented in 1840. The development of electronicsin the 20th century led to clocks with no clockwork parts at all.