chapter 16.1-3 by Kelly May https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g sections 1,2, and 3 en-us 2018-02-01 22:13:51 UTC 2018-02-01 22:42:37 UTC hello@padlet.com kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227306633
  • government may not infringe on anyone’s fundamental rights
  • Notifying a person that he or she is accused of wrongdoing and the government intends to take action against that person.
  • Giving the affected person the right to respond to the accusation.
  • the right to have a trial that takes place in public
  • the right to have an attorney
  • the right not to testify against oneself, among other.


    • ]]>     2018-02-01 22:15:17 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227306633     Searches Without a Warrant kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227306852
  • If the police officer’s safety is at risk the officer can search without a warrant.
  • If the police have probable cause to believe that a vehicle contains contraband, they may search the entire vehicle.
  • Police are also allowed to search a person or their belongings if the person voluntarily consents to the search.

    • ]]>     2018-02-01 22:16:32 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227306852     seizures kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227307318
  • An arrest is considered a seizure under the Fourth Amendment
  • A person can be arrested under a warrant issued by a judge, or without a warrant if a law enforcement officer has probable cause
  • probable cause is not needed for an officer to stop and question an individual on the street
    • ]]>     2018-02-01 22:18:43 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227307318     The Exclusionary Rule kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227308215
  • means if a court decides that evidence in a case was gained through an illegal search, then the evidence cannot be used at trial against the defendant
    • ]]>     2018-02-01 22:22:51 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227308215     Searches in Public Schools kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227308448
  • Students have limited Fourth Amendment rights in schools.
  • New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)-  Court ruled that school officials do not need warrants or probable cause to search students or their property.
    • ]]>     2018-02-01 22:23:50 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227308448     Suspicionless Searches kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227308660
  • police may search everyone without individual suspicion
  • ex: crossing international borders or passing security at airports
    • ]]>     2018-02-01 22:24:47 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227308660     Racial Profiling kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227308915
  • inappropriate use of race as a factor in identifying people who may break or have broken the law
  • this is a huge controversial issue right now
    • ]]>     2018-02-01 22:25:56 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227308915     Forced Confessions kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227309062
  • confession cannot be used in court if it is not voluntary and trustworthy
    • example: using physical force, torture, or threats to force a person to confess
    • ]]>     2018-02-01 22:26:45 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227309062     Miranda Rights kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227309234
  • The right to remain silent. Any statement made may be used as evidence against the defendant.
  • The right to the presence of an attorney, either hired by the defendant or appointed by the court.
  • These are meant to be read at the time of arrest

    • ]]>     2018-02-01 22:27:34 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227309234     Presumption of Innocence kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227309475
  • the judge or jury must regard the defendant as innocent until the government proves that he or she is guilty
    • ]]>     2018-02-01 22:28:54 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227309475     Right to a Jury kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227309700
  • Defendants in felony criminal cases in all state and federal courts have a right to a jury trial
    • ]]>     2018-02-01 22:30:05 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227309700     Right to an Attorney kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227309840
  • Sixth Amendment provides that any accused have the right to have legal assistance
  • if they can not afford one, the government provides one

    • ]]>     2018-02-01 22:30:48 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227309840     Speedy and Public Trials kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227310219
  • Sixth Amendment provides a right to a speedy and public trial in all criminal cases.
    • ]]>     2018-02-01 22:32:40 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227310219     Confrontation of Witnesses kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227310307
  • provides people accused of crimes with the right to confront the witnesses against them and to ask them questions by way of cross-examination
    • ]]>     2018-02-01 22:33:06 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227310307     Freedom from Self-Incrimination kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227310481
  • you cannot be forced to testify against yourself in a criminal trial
    • ]]>     2018-02-01 22:33:56 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227310481     kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227310632
  • young people under age 17 are prosecuted in juvenile courts
  • in certain circumstances, they may be tried as an adult
    • ]]>     2018-02-01 22:34:44 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227310632     Purposes and Types of Punishment kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227310799
  • a judge usually decides the sentence, or punishment
    • examples: prison, a fine, community service, or probation
  • ex post facto clause-government can not punish anyone for doing something that was not a crime when the act was committed
  • Disproportionate Incarceration- challenges the basic assumption that everyone receives equal justice under the law
    • ]]>     2018-02-01 22:35:41 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227310799     Cruel and Unusual Punishment kelly_may2 https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227311357
  • Eighth Amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.
  • Three-Strikes Laws- typically impose an automatic minimum sentence of 25 years or life imprisonment when a person is convicted of a serious offense for the third time.
    • it is now ruled unconstitutional
  • Capital Punishment - aka death penalty, as of 2013 18 states have abolished death penalty.
  • If a defendant believes he or she was wrongly convicted, the defendant can appeal the decision to a higher court.
  • Habeas Corpus- asking the court to determine whether his or her imprisonment is unlawful
    • ]]>     2018-02-01 22:38:32 UTC https://padlet.com/kelly_may2/fxg037zs882g/wish/227311357