I have two brothers, but I live near the one who works as a doctor.

The man over there is over sixty. He is my brother in-law.

The man over there, who is my brother-in-law, is over sixty.

PRACTI CE:

✦ Exercise 1

Combine the sentences using a relative clause.

1. A park was created in the city centre. It replaced the old market.

2. A hospital was built in the northern area. It specialises in children’s health.

3. A new road was added. It connects the town with the industrial zone.

4. A school was renovated. It now has modern science laboratories.

5. A library was constructed near the river. It provides free internet access.

6. Several houses were demolished. They were located along the railway line.

✦ Exercise 2

Join the two sentences with a suitable relative clause.

1. A roundabout was installed at the crossroads. It helps to improve traffic flow.

2. A sports stadium was built in the eastern district. It can seat 20,000 people.

3. A shopping centre was opened near the bus station. It attracts many visitors.

4. A bridge was demolished. It had been damaged by flooding.

5. A new airport terminal was constructed. It replaced the old domestic terminal.

6. A row of shops was added near the square. They sell local products.

✦ Exercise 3

Make one complex sentence using a relative pronoun.

1. A train station was built in the southern area. It connects to the capital city.

2. A residential block was constructed. It overlooks the central park.

3. A factory was closed down. It had been polluting the river.

4. A hotel was added next to the harbour. It caters mainly for tourists.

5. A new road was built. It passes through the mountains.

6. A community hall was opened in 2010. It is used for cultural events.

Note for Students:

• Use which for things (the library, which provides free internet…).

• Use that for defining information (a road that connects the town to the highway).

• Use where for places (a hotel where tourists can stay).

• Use who for people (engineers who designed the bridge).

✦ Exercise 1

Rewrite each sentence in the passive voice.

1. Workers demolished the old bridge in 2005.

2. The council built a sports centre in the northern part of the town.

3. Engineers widened the main road to reduce congestion.

4. They planted trees along the riverside to create a park.

5. Developers converted the factory into luxury apartments.

✦ Exercise 2

Change the following sentences into the passive.

1. Authorities replaced the farmland with an industrial estate.

2. They introduced new bus routes across the city.

3. The planners added a railway station in the town centre.

4. Construction workers repaired the damaged dam.

5. The government established a new residential area near the airport.

✦ Exercise 3

Rewrite using the passive voice to suit a formal IELTS Task 1 report.

1. They extended the shopping mall in 2010.

2. The council renovated the primary school.

3. Builders removed several cottages to create space for parking.

4. Authorities opened a museum next to the cathedral.

5. The developers upgraded the port with new docking facilities.

Notes for Students:

• Avoid using agents (workers, council, they) unless absolutely necessary.

• Use concise, formal passive structures: was demolished, were planted, was converted, were added.

Rewrite each sentence in the passive voice.

1. Workers demolished the old bridge in 2005. =>

2. The council built a sports centre in the northern part of the town.

3. Engineers widened the main road to reduce congestion.

4. They planted trees along the riverside to create a park.

5. Developers converted the factory into luxury apartments.

Combine the sentences using a relative clause.

1. A park was created in the city centre. It replaced the old market.

   => A park which replaced the old market was created in the city centre.

2. A hospital was built in the northern area. It specialises in children’s health.

   => a hospital which specialises in children’s health was built in the northern area.

3. A new road was added. It connects the town with the industrial zone.

   => a new road which connects the town with the industrial zone was added.

4. A school was renovated. It now has modern science laboratories.

   => a school which now has modern science laboratories was renovated.

5. A library was constructed near the river. It provides free internet access.

   => a library which provied free internet access was constructed near the river.

6. Several houses were demolished. They were located along the railway line.

   => several houses which were located along the railway line was demolished.

✦ Exercise 2

Join the two sentences with a suitable relative clause.

1. A roundabout was installed at the crossroads. It helps to improve traffic flow.

   => a roundabout which helps to improve traffic flow was installed at the crossroads.

2. A sports stadium was built in the eastern district. It can seat 20,000 people.

   => a sports stadium which can seat 20,000 people was built in the eastern district.

3. A shopping centre was opened near the bus station. It attracts many visitors.

   => A shopping centre which attracts many visitors was opened near the bus station.

4. A bridge was demolished. It had been damaged by flooding.

   => a bridge which had been damaged by flooding was demolished

5. A new airport terminal was constructed. It replaced the old domestic terminal.

   => A new airport terminal which replaced the old domestic terminal was constructed

6. A row of shops was added near the square. They sell local products.

   => a row of shops which sell local products was added near the square.

✦ Exercise 3

Make one complex sentence using a relative pronoun.

1. A train station was built in the southern area. It connects to the capital city.

=> A train station which connects to the capital city was built in the southern area.

1. A residential block was constructed. It overlooks the central park.

   => a residential block which overlooks the central park was constructed.

2. A factory was closed down. It had been polluting the river.

   => A factory which had been polluting the river was closed down.

3. A hotel was added next to the harbour. It caters mainly for tourists.

   => a hotel which caters mainly for tourists was added next to the harbour.

4. A new road was built. It passes through the mountains.

   => a new road which passes through the mountains was built.

5. A community hall was opened in 2010. It is used for cultural events.

   => a community hall which is used for cultural events was opened in 2010.

   ----------------------------------------------------------------

Exercise 1

Rewrite each sentence in the passive voice.

1. Workers demolished the old bridge in 2005.

   => The old bridge was demolished in 2005

2. The council built a sports centre in the northern part of the town.

   => A sports centre was built in the northern part of the town

3. Engineers widened the main road to reduce congestion.

   => The main road was widened to reduce congestion

4. They planted trees along the riverside to create a park.

   => Trees were planted along the riverside to create a park.

5. Developers converted the factory into luxury apartments.

   => The factory was converted into luxury apartments

   ✦ Exercise 2

   Change the following sentences into the passive.

   1. Authorities replaced the farmland with an industrial estate.

      =>The farmland was replaced with an industrial estate.

   2. They introduced new bus routes across the city.

      => New bus routes were introduced across the city.

   3. The planners added a railway station in the town centre.

      => a railway station was added in the town centre

   4. Construction workers repaired the damaged dam.

      => the damaged dam was repaired

   5. The government established a new residential area near the airport.

      => a new residential area was established near the airport.

   ✦ Exercise 3

   Rewrite using the passive voice to suit a formal IELTS Task 1 report.

   1. They extended the shopping mall in 2010.

      => the shopping mall was extended in 2010

   2. The council renovated the primary school.

      => the primary school was renovated.

   3. Builders removed several cottages to create space for parking.

      => several cottages were removed to creat space for parking.

   4. Authorities opened a museum next to the cathedral.

      => a museum was opened next to the cathedral

   5. The developers upgraded the port with new docking facilities.

   => the port was upgraded with new docking facilities.

Rewrite each sentence in the passive voice.

1. Workers demolished the old bridge in 2005.

   => The old bridge was demolished in 2005.

2. The council built a sports centre in the northern part of the town.

   => A sports centre was built in the northern part of the town.

3. Engineers widened the main road to reduce congestion.

   => The main road was widened to reduce congestion.

4. They planted trees along the riverside to create a park.

   => Trees were planted along the riverside to create a park.

5. Developers converted the factory into luxury apartments.

   => The factory was converted into luxury apartments.

   ✦ Exercise 2

   Change the following sentences into the passive.

   1. Authorities replaced the farmland with an industrial estate.

      => The farmland was replaced with an industrial estate.

   2. They introduced new bus routes across the city.

      => New bus routes were introduced across the city.

   3. The planners added a railway station in the town centre.

      => A railway station was added in the town centre.

   4. Construction workers repaired the damaged dam.

      => The damaged dam was repaired.

   5. The government established a new residential area near the airport.

      => A new residential area was established near the airport.

   ✦ Exercise 3

   Rewrite using the passive voice to suit a formal IELTS Task 1 report.

   1. They extended the shopping mall in 2010.

      => The shopping mall was extended in 2010.

   2. The council renovated the primary school.

      => The primary school was renovated.

   3. Builders removed several cottages to create space for parking.

      => Several cottages were removed to create space for parking.

   4. Authorities opened a museum next to the cathedral.

      => A museum was opened next to the cathedral.

   5. The developers upgraded the port with new docking facilities.

      => The port was upgraded with new docking facilities.

1. The old bridge was demolished in 2005 by workers

2. A sports centre was built in the northern part of the town by the council

3. The main road was widened to reduce congestion by engineers

4. Trees were planted along the riverside to create a park by them

5. The factory was converted into luxury apartments by developers

   ex3

1. The shopping mall was extenede in 2010

2. The primary school was renovated by the council

3. Several cottages were removed to create space for parking by builders

4. A museum was opened next to the cathedral by authrities

5. The port with new docking facilities were upgared by the developers

   ex2

   1. The farmland was replaced with an industrial

   2. New bus routes were introduced across the city

   3. A railway statio was added the town centre

   4. The demaged dam was repaired

   5. a new residential area was established near the airport

Combine the sentences using a relative clause.

1. A park was created in the city centre. It replaced the old market.

   ->A park which replaced the old market was created in the city centre.

2. A hospital was built in the northern area. It specialises in children’s health.

   ->A hospital which specialises in children’s health was built in the northern area.

3. A new road was added. It connects the town with the industrial zone.

   ->A new road which connects the town with the industrial zone was added.

4. A school was renovated. It now has modern science laboratories.

   ->A school which now has modern science laboratories was renovated.

5. A library was constructed near the river. It provides free internet access.

   ->A library which provides free internet access was constructed near the river.

6. Several houses were demolished. They were located along the railway line.

   ->Several houses which were located along the railway line were demolished.

   
   

✦ Exercise 2

Join the two sentences with a suitable relative clause.

1. A roundabout was installed at the crossroads. It helps to improve traffic flow.

   ->A sports stadium which can seat 20,000 people was built in the eastern district.

2. A sports stadium was built in the eastern district. It can seat 20,000 people.

   ->A sports stadium which can seat 20,000 people was built in the eastern district.

3. A shopping centre was opened near the bus station. It attracts many visitors.

   ->A shopping centre which attracts many visitors was opened near the bus station.

4. A bridge was demolished. It had been damaged by flooding.

   ->A bridge which had been damaged by flooding was demolished.

5. A new airport terminal was constructed. It replaced the old domestic terminal

   ->A new airport terminal which replaced the old domestic terminal was constructed.

6. A row of shops was added near the square. They sell local products.

   ->A row of shops which sell local products was added near the square.

   
   

✦ Exercise 3

Make one complex sentence using a relative pronoun.

1. A train station was built in the southern area. It connects to the capital city.

   ->A train station which connects to the capital city was built in the southern area.

2. A residential block was constructed. It overlooks the central park.

   ->A residential block which overlooks the central park was constructed.

3. A factory was closed down. It had been polluting the river.

   ->A factory which had been polluting the river was closed down

4. A hotel was added next to the harbour. It caters mainly for tourists.

   ->A hotel that caters mainly for tourists was added next to the harbour.

5. A new road was built. It passes through the mountains.

   ->A new road which passes through the mountains was built.

6. A community hall was opened in 2010. It is used for cultural events.

   ->A community hall which is used for cultural events was opened in 2010.

Rewrite each sentence in the passive voice.

1. Workers demolished the old bridge in 2005.

   =>The old bridge was demolished in 2005.

2. The council built a sports centre in the northern part of the town. =>A sports centre was built in the northern part of the town by the council.

3. Engineers widened the main road to reduce congestion.=>The main road was widened to reduce congestion

4. They planted trees along the riverside to create a park.=>Trees were planted along the riverside to create a park

5. Developers converted the factory into luxury apartments.=>The factory was converted into luxury apartments.

✦ Exercise 2

Change the following sentences into the passive.

1. Authorities replaced the farmland with an industrial estate.=>The farmland was replaced with an industrial estate by the authorities.

2. They introduced new bus routes across the city.=>New bus routes were introduced across the city

3. The planners added a railway station in the town centre.=>A railway station was added in the town centre by the planners.

4. Construction workers repaired the damaged dam.=>The damaged dam was repaired by construction workers

5. The government established a new residential area near the airport.=>A new residential area was established near the airport by the government

✦ Exercise 3

Rewrite using the passive voice to suit a formal IELTS Task 1 report.

1. They extended the shopping mall in 2010.=> THe shopping mall was extended in 2010

2. The council renovated the primary school.=>The primary school was renovated by the council

3. Builders removed several cottages to create space for parking.=>Several cottages were removed to create space for parking

4. Authorities opened a museum next to the cathedral.=>A museum was opened next to the cathedral by the authorities

5. The developers upgraded the port with new docking facilities.=>The port was upgraded with new docking facilities by the developers.

Combine the sentences using a relative clause.

1. A park was created in the city centre. It replaced the old market. => A park was created in the city centre, which replaced the old market.

2. A hospital was built in the northern area. It specialises in children’s health. => A hospital, which specialises in children's health, was built in the northern area.

3. A new road was added. It connects the town with the industrial zone. => A new road was added, which connects the town with the industrial zone.

4. A school was renovated. It now has modern science laboratories. => A school was renovated which now has modern science laboratories.

5. A library was constructed near the river. It provides free internet access. => A library which provides free internet access was constructed near the river.

6. Several houses were demolished. They were located along the railway line. => Several houses which were located along the railway line were demolished.

✦ Exercise 2

Join the two sentences with a suitable relative clause.

1. A roundabout was installed at the crossroads. It helps to improve traffic flow. => A roundabout, which helps improve traffic flow, was installed at the crossroads.

2. A sports stadium was built in the eastern district. It can seat 20,000 people. => A sport stadium which can seat 20,000 people was built in the eastern.

3. A shopping centre was opened near the bus station. It attracts many visitors. => A shopping centre which was opened near the bus stop attracts many visitors.

4. A bridge was demolished. It had been damaged by flooding. => A bridge which had been damaged by flooding was demolished.

5. A new airport terminal was constructed. It replaced the old domestic terminal. => A new airport terminal was constructed, which replaced the old domestic terminal.

6. A row of shops was added near the square. They sell local products. => A row of shops which was added near the square sell local products.

✦ Exercise 3

Make one complex sentence using a relative pronoun.

1. A train station was built in the southern area. It connects to the capital city. => A train station which connects to the capital city was built in the southern area.

2. A residential block was constructed. It overlooks the central park. => A residential block which overlooks the central park was constructed.

3. A factory was closed down. It had been polluting the river. => A factory which had been polluting the river was closed down.

4. A hotel was added next to the harbour. It caters mainly for tourists. => A hotel which caters mainly for tourists was add next to the harbour.

5. A new road was built. It passes through the mountains. => A new road which passes through the mountains was built.

6. A community hall was opened in 2010. It is used for cultural events. => A community hall which was opened in 2010 is used for cultural events.

   ✦ Exercise 1

Rewrite each sentence in the passive voice.

1. Workers demolished the old bridge in 2005. => The old bridge was demolished in 2005.

2. The council built a sports centre in the northern part of the town. => A sports centre was built in the northern part of the town.

3. Engineers widened the main road to reduce congestion. => The main road was widened to reduce congestion.

4. They planted trees along the riverside to create a park. => Trees were planted along the riverside to create a park.

5. Developers converted the factory into luxury apartments. => The factory was converted into luxury apartments.

✦ Exercise 2

Change the following sentences into the passive.

1. Authorities replaced the farmland with an industrial estate. => The farmland was replaced with an industrial estate.

2. They introduced new bus routes across the city. => New bus routes were introduced across the city.

3. The planners added a railway station in the town centre. => A railway station was added in the town centre.

4. Construction workers repaired the damaged dam. => the damaged dam was repaired.

5. The government established a new residential area near the airport. => A new residential area was established near the airport.

✦ Exercise 3

Rewrite using the passive voice to suit a formal IELTS Task 1 report.

1. They extended the shopping mall in 2010. => The shopping mall was extended in 2010.

2. The council renovated the primary school. => The primary school was renovated.

3. Builders removed several cottages to create space for parking. => Several cottages was removed to create space for parking.

4. Authorities opened a museum next to the cathedral. => A museum was opened next to the cathedral.

5. The developers upgraded the port with new docking facilities. => The port was upgraded with new docking facilities.

Combine the sentences using a relative clause.

1. A park was created in the city centre. It replaced the old market. => A park, which replaced the old market, was created in the city centre

2. A hospital was built in the northern area. It specialises in children’s health. => A hospital, which specialises in the children's health, was built in the northern area

3. A new road was added. It connects the town with the industrial zone. => A new road, which connects the town with the industrial zone, was added

4. A school was renovated. It now has modern science laboratories. => A school, which was renovated, has modern science laboratories now.

5. A library was constructed near the river. It provides free internet access. => A library, which provides free internet access , was constructed near the river

6. Several houses were demolished. They were located along the railway line. => Several houses, which were located along the railway, were demolished

✦ Exercise 2

Join the two sentences with a suitable relative clause.

1. A roundabout was installed at the crossroads. It helps to improve traffic flow. => A roundabout, which helps to improve traffic flow, was installed at the crossroads

2. A sports stadium was built in the eastern district. It can seat 20,000 people. => A sport stadium, which can seat 20,000 people, was built in the eastern district.

3. A shopping centre was opened near the bus station. It attracts many visitors. => A shopping centre, which was opened near the bus station, attracts many visitors

4. A bridge was demolished. It had been damaged by flooding. => A bridge, which had been damaged by flooding, was demolished

5. A new airport terminal was constructed. It replaced the old domestic terminal. => A new airport terminal, which replaced the old domestic terminal, was constructed

6. A row of shops was added near the square. They sell local products. => A row of shops, which sell local products, was added near the square.

✦ Exercise 3

Make one complex sentence using a relative pronoun.

1. A train station was built in the southern area. It connects to the capital city. => A train station, which connects to the capital city, was built in the southern area.

2. A residential block was constructed. It overlooks the central park. => A residential, which overlooks the central park, was constructed.

3. A factory was closed down. It had been polluting the river. => A factory, which had been polluting the river, was closed down.

4. A hotel was added next to the harbour. It caters mainly for tourists. => A hotel, which caters mainly for tourists, was added next to the harbour.

5. A new road was built. It passes through the mountains. => A new road, which passes through the mountains, was built.

6. A community hall was opened in 2010. It is used for cultural events. => A community hall, which is used for cultural events, was opened in 2010.

   
   

{which, that, who, where, when, how}

I have two brothers, but I live near the one who works as a doctor.

The man over there is over sixty. He is my brother in-law.

The man over there, who is my brother-in-law, is over sixty.

PRACTI CE:

✦ Exercise 1

Combine the sentences using a relative clause.

1. A park was created in the city centre. It replaced the old market.

   => A park was created in the city centre, which replaced the old market

2. A hospital was built in the northern area. It specialises in children’s health.

   => A hospital was built in the northern area, where specialises in children’s health.

3. A new road was added. It connects the town with the industrial zone.

   => A new road was added, that connects the town with the industrial zone.

4. A school was renovated. It now has modern science laboratories.

   => A school was renovated, which now has modern science laboratories.

5. A library was constructed near the river. It provides free internet access.

   => A library was constructed near the river,which provides free internet access.

6. Several houses were demolished were located along the railway line.

   => Several houses were demolished, which were located along the railway line.

✦ Exercise 2

Join the two sentences with a suitable relative clause.

1. A roundabout was installed at the crossroads. It helps to improve traffic flow.

   => A roundabout was installed at the crossroads, which helps to improve traffic flow.

2. => A sports stadium was built in the eastern district, where can seat 20,000 people.

3. => A shopping centre was opened near the bus station, which attracts many visitors.

4. A bridge was demolished. It had been damaged by flooding.

   => A bridge was demolished, which had been damaged by flooding.

5. A new airport terminal was constructed. It replaced the old domestic terminal.

   => A new airport terminal was constructed, which replaced the old domestic terminal.

6. A row of shops was added near the square. They sell local products.

   => A row of shops was added near the square, where They sell local products.

   ✦ Exercise 3

Make one complex sentence using a relative pronoun.

1. A train station was built in the southern area. It connects to the capital city.

   => A train station was built in the southern area, which connects to the capital city.

2. A residential block was constructed. It overlooks the central park.

   => A residential block was constructed, where overlooks the central park.

3. A factory was closed down. It had been polluting the river.

   => A factory was closed down, where had been polluting the river.

4. A hotel was added next to the harbour. It caters mainly for tourists.

   => A hotel was added next to the harbour, where caters mainly for tourists.

5. A new road was built. It passes through the mountains.

   => A new road was built that passes through the mountains.

6. A community hall was opened in 2010. It is used for cultural events.

   => A community hall was opened in 2010, where is used for cultural events.

   
   

Note for Students:

• Use which for things (the library, which provides free internet…).

• Use that for defining information (a road that connects the town to the highway).

• Use where for places (a hotel where tourists can stay).

• Use who for people (engineers who designed the bridge).

✦ Exercise 1
Rewrite each sentence in the passive voice.

1. Workers demolished the old bridge in 2005.
   => The old bridge was demolished in 2005.

2. The council built a sports centre in the northern part of the town.
   => A sports centre was built in the northern part of the town

3. Engineers widened the main road to reduce congestion.
   => The main road was widened to reduce congestion.

4. They planted trees along the riverside to create a park.
   => Trees were planted along the riverside to create a park.

5. Developers converted the factory into luxury apartments.
   => The factory was converted into luxury apartments

✦ Exercise 2
Change the following sentences into the passive.

1. Authorities replaced the farmland with an industrial estate.
   => The farmland was replaced with an industrial estate

2. They introduced new bus routes across the city.
   => New bus routes were introduced across the city.

3. The planners added a railway station in the town centre.
   => A railway station was added in the town centre

4. Construction workers repaired the damaged dam.
   => The damaged dam was repaired

5. The government established a new residential area near the airport.
   => A new residential area was established near the airport

✦ Exercise 3
Rewrite using the passive voice to suit a formal IELTS Task 1 report.

1. They extended the shopping mall in 2010.
   =>The shopping mall was extended in 2010.

2. The council renovated the primary school.
   => The primary school was renovated

3. Builders removed several cottages to create space for parking.
   => Several cottages were removed to create space for parking.

4. Authorities opened a museum next to the cathedral.
   => A museum was opened next to the cathedral.

5. The developers upgraded the port with new docking facilities.
   => The port was upgraded with new docking facilities.

Rewrite each sentence in the passive voice.

1. Workers demolished the old bridge in 2005. => The old bridge was demolished in 2005 by workers.

2. The council built a sports centre in the northern part of the town. =>A sport centre in the northen part of the town was built by the council

3. Engineers widened the main road to reduce congestion. =>The main road was widened by engineers to reduce congestion

4. They planted trees along the riverside to create a park. =>Trees were planted along the riverside by they to create the park.

   
   

5. Developers converted the factory into luxury apartments. => The factory was converted into luxury apartments by developers

   ✦ Exercise 2

   Change the following sentences into the passive.

   1. Authorities replaced the farmland with an industrial estate.=>The farmland was replace with an industrial estate by authorrities

   2. They introduced new bus routes across the city.=> New bus routes were introduced across the city.

   3. The planners added a railway station in the town centre.=> A railway station was added in the town centre

   4. Construction workers repaired the damaged dam.=> The damaged dam was repaired

   5. The government established a new residential area near the airport.=> A new residential area was established near the airport.

   ✦ Exercise 3

   Rewrite using the passive voice to suit a formal IELTS Task 1 report.

   1. They extended the shopping mall in 2010.=> The shopping mall was extended in 2010

   2. The council renovated the primary school.=> The primary school was renovated.

   3. Builders removed several cottages to create space for parking.=> Several cottages were removed to creat space for parking.

   4. Authorities opened a museum next to the cathedral.=> A museum was opened next to the cathedral

   5. The developers upgraded the port with new docking facilities.=> The port was upgraded with new docking facilities.

1 . the old bridge was demolished in 2005 .

2 . the sports center was built in the northern part of the town .

3 . the main road was widened to reduce congestion .

4 . these trees was planted along the riverside to create a park .

5 . the factory was converted into luxury apartments .

exercise 2

1 . the farmland was replaced with an industrial estate .

2 . new bus routes were introduce across the city .

3 . a railway station was added in the town center .

4 . the damage dam was repaired .

5 . a new residential area was established near the airport .

exercise 3

1 . the shopping mall was extended in 2010 2 . the primary school was renovated .

3 . severral cottages were removed to create cpace for parking

4 . a museum was opened next to the cathedral .

5 . the port was upgraded with new docking facilities .

✦ Exercise 1

Combine the sentences using a relative clause.

1. A park was created in the city centre. It replaced the old market.

   => A park, which replaced the old market, was created in the city centre.

2. A hospital was built in the northern area. It specialises in children’s health.

   => A hospital, which specialises in children's health, was built in the northern area.

3. A new road was added. It connects the town with the industrial zone.

   => A new road, which connects the town with the industrial zone, was added.

4. A school was renovated. It now has modern science laboratories.

   => A school, which now has modern science laboratories, was renovated.

5. A library was constructed near the river. It provides free internet access.

   => A library, which provides free internet access, was constructed near the river.

6. Several houses were demolished. They were located along the railway line.

   => Several houses, which were located along the railway, were demolished.

✦ Exercise 2

Join the two sentences with a suitable relative clause.

1. A roundabout was installed at the crossroads. It helps to improve traffic flow.

2. => A roundabout that helps to improve traffic flow was installed at the crossroads.

3. A sports stadium was built in the eastern district. It can seat 20,000 people

   => A sports stadium that can seat 20,000 people was built in the eastern district.

4. A shopping centre was opened near the bus station. It attracts many visitors.

   => A shopping centre that attracts many visitors was opened near the bus station.

5. A bridge was demolished. It had been damaged by flooding.

   => A bridge that had been damaged by the flooding was demolished.

6. A new airport terminal was constructed. It replaced the old domestic terminal.

   => A new airport terminal that replaced the old domestic one was constructed.

7. A row of shops was added near the square. They sell local products.

   => A row of shops that sell local products was added near the square.

✦ Exercise 3

Make one complex sentence using a relative pronoun.

1. A train station was built in the southern area. It connects to the capital city.

   => A train station that connects to the capital city was built in the southern area.

2. A residential block was constructed. It overlooks the central park.

   => A residential block, which overlooks the central park, was constructed.

3. A factory was closed down. It had been polluting the river.

   => A factory that had been polluting the river was closed down.

4. A hotel was added next to the harbour. It caters mainly for tourists.

   => A hotel, which caters mainly for tourists, was added next to the harbour.

5. A new road was built. It passes through the mountains.

   => A new road that passes through the mountains was built.

6. A community hall was opened in 2010. It is used for cultural events.

   => A community hall that is used for cultural events was opened in 2010.

Combine the sentences using a relative clause.

1. A park was created in the city centre. It replaced the old market.=>A park, which replaced the old market, was created in the city centre

2. A hospital was built in the northern area. It specialises in children’s health.=>A hospital, which specialises in children’s health, was built in the northern area.

3. A new road was added. It connects the town with the industrial zone.=>A new road, which connects the town with the industrial zone, was added

4. A school was renovated. It now has modern science laboratories.=>A school, which now has modern science laboratories, was renovated

5. A library was constructed near the river. It provides free internet access.=>A library, which provides free internet access, was constructed near the river

6. Several houses were demolished. They were located along the railway line.=>A several, which were located along the railway line, were demolished.

✦ Exercise 2

Join the two sentences with a suitable relative clause.

1. A roundabout was installed at the crossroads. It helps to improve traffic flow.=>A roundabout was installed at the crossroads, which helps to improve traffic flow

2. A sports stadium was built in the eastern district. It can seat 20,000 people.=>A sports stadium was built in the eastern district, which can seat 20,000 people

3. A shopping centre was opened near the bus station. It attracts many visitors.=>A shopping centre was opened near the bus station, which attracts many visitors.

4. A bridge was demolished. It had been damaged by flooding.=>A bridge, which had been damaged by flooding, was demolished

5. A new airport terminal was constructed. It replaced the old domestic terminal.=>A new airport terminal was constructed, which replaced the old domestic terminal

6. A row of shops was added near the square. They sell local products.=>A row of shops was added near the square, which sell local products

✦ Exercise 3

Make one complex sentence using a relative pronoun.

1. A train station was built in the southern area. It connects to the capital city.=>A train station was built in the southern area, which connects to the capital city

2. A residential block was constructed. It overlooks the central park.=>A residential block was constructed, which overlooks the central park.

3. A factory was closed down. It had been polluting the river.=>A factory, which had been polluting the river, was closed down

4. A hotel was added next to the harbour. It caters mainly for tourists.=>A hotel, which caters mainly for tourists, was added next to the harbou.

5. A new road was built. It passes through the mountains.=>A new road was built,which passes through the mountains

6. A community hall was opened in 2010. It is used for cultural events.=>A community hall was opened in 2010, which is used for cultural events

✦ Exercise 1

Combine the sentences using a relative clause.

1. A park was created in the city centre. It replaced the old market.=>The park which was created in the city centre replaced the old market

2. A hospital was built in the northern area. It specialises in children’s health.

   =>The hospital which was built in the northen area specialises in children's health

3. A new road was added. It connects the town with the industrial zone.

   =>The road which connects the town with the industrial zone was added

4. A school was renovated. It now has modern science laboratories.

   =>The school which was renovated has modern science laboratories.

5. A library was constructed near the river. It provides free internet access.

   => The library which constructed near the river provides free internet access

6. Several houses were demolished. They were located along the railway line.=>Several houses which were located along the railway line were demolished

✦ Exercise 2

Join the two sentences with a suitable relative clause.

1. A roundabout was installed at the crossroads. It helps to improve traffic flow.=>The roundabout which was installed at the crossroads helps to improve traffic flow

2. A sports stadium was built in the eastern district. It can seat 20,000 people.=>The sport stadium which was built in the eastern dictrict can seat 20000 people

3. A shopping centre was opened near the bus station. It attracts many visitors.=> The shopping centre which was opened near the bus station attracts many visitor

4. A bridge was demolished. It had been damaged by flooding.=>The bridge which was demolished

5. A new airport terminal was constructed. It replaced the old domestic terminal.

6. A row of shops was added near the square. They sell local products.

✦ Exercise 3

Em chua xong co oi

2 . a hospital was built in the northern area , which specialises in children' health .

3 . a new road was added , which connects the town with the industrial zone .

4 . a shool was renovated , which now has modern science laboratories .

5 . several houses were demolish , which were located along the railway line .

ex2

1 a roundabout wa installed at the crossroads which help to improve traffic flow .

2 a sports stadium was built in the eastern district which can seat 20,000 people .

3 a shopping center was opened near the bus which attracts many visitor .

4 a bridge which had been damage by flooding , was demolished .

5 a new airport terminal was costructed , which replaced the old domestic terminal .

6 a row of shops waa added near th square , which sell local products .

1. A park which replaced the old market was created in the city centre

2. A hospital where specialises in children's heathl was built in the northern area

3. A new road which connects the town with the industrial zone was added

4. A school which has mordern science laboratories was renovated

5. A library which provides free internet access was constructed near the river

6. several houses which they were located along the railway line were demolished

   ex2

   1. A ruodabout which helps to improve traffic flow was installed at the crossroads

   2. a sports stadium which can seat 20,000 people was built in the eastern distric

   3. A shopping centre which attracts many visitors was opened near the bus station

   4. a bridge which had been demage by flooding was demolished

   5. A new airport terminal which eplaced the old domestic terminal was constructed

   6. A row of shops which sell local products was added near the square

      ex3

      1.A train station which connects to the capital city was built in the southern area

      2. A residential block which overlooks the central park was constructed

      3. A factory which had been polluting the river was closed down

      4. A hotel which caters mainly for tourists was added next to the harbou

      5. A new road which passes through the mountains was built

      6. A community hall which is used for cultural events was opened in 2010

   
   

{which, that, who, where, when, how}

I have two brothers, but I live near the one who works as a doctor.

The man over there is over sixty. He is my brother in-law.

The man over there, who is my brother-in-law, is over sixty.

PRACTI CE:

✦ Exercise 1

Combine the sentences using a relative clause.

1. A park was created in the city centre. It replaced the old market.

2. A hospital was built in the northern area. It specialises in children’s health.

3. A new road was added. It connects the town with the industrial zone.

4. A school was renovated. It now has modern science laboratories.

5. A library was constructed near the river. It provides free internet access.

6. Several houses were demolished. They were located along the railway line.

✦ Exercise 2

Join the two sentences with a suitable relative clause.

1. A roundabout was installed at the crossroads. It helps to improve traffic flow.

2. A sports stadium was built in the eastern district. It can seat 20,000 people.

3. A shopping centre was opened near the bus station. It attracts many visitors.

4. A bridge was demolished. It had been damaged by flooding.

5. A new airport terminal was constructed. It replaced the old domestic terminal.

6. A row of shops was added near the square. They sell local products.

✦ Exercise 3

Make one complex sentence using a relative pronoun.

1. A train station was built in the southern area. It connects to the capital city.

2. A residential block was constructed. It overlooks the central park.

3. A factory was closed down. It had been polluting the river.

4. A hotel was added next to the harbour. It caters mainly for tourists.

5. A new road was built. It passes through the mountains.

6. A community hall was opened in 2010. It is used for cultural events.