• For same amount of reactant, particles with smaller size has bigger total surface area.

• The bigger the total surface area, the higher the rate of reaction.

• Link youtube video: https://youtu.be/-Q8ZSexABS0?si=XA42kG6R2QXvFeYf

ii) Concentration

• The higher the concentration, the higher the rate of reaction.

• Link youtube video: https://youtu.be/4xkjF5Z3lyI?si=bJJkG0JOcLO2dx9O

iii) Temperature

• Most reactions occur faster at high temperature, that is rate of reaction increases with increasing temperature.

• Link Youtube video: https://youtu.be/oeM6hKm6Td4?si=wvXUpyx7znKv3qyT

• Catalyst is a chemical substances that alter the rate of chemical reactions without undergoing any chemical changes at the end of the reaction.

• The chemical properties of the catalyst does not change, but its physical properties can change.

• Link Youtube vid : https://youtu.be/kV0BqG0On9E?si=IjoZHbKknB3IFW_w 

Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

• Concentrated sulfuric acid

Nitration of benzene

• Iron, Fe

Manufacture of ammonia by the Haber process

• Vanadium (V) oxide, V₂O₅

Conversion of SO₂ to SO₃ during the Contact Process to make sulfuric acid

• Nickel, Ni

Hydrogenation of a C=C double bond

• Reactant particles must collide with one another for reaction to occur.

• The rate of reaction depends on the frequency of effective collisions.

What happen during collision?

• During collision, transfer of energy occurs.

• Fast moving particles transfer some of their energy to slow moving particles and increases their kinetic energy.

• Not all collision between reactant particles result in reactions and the formation of products.

• Only effective collision would cause reaction to occur.

• Effective collision is the collision that produces a reaction achieving minimum energy that is sufficient and with the correct orientation of collision.

• System release heat energy to surroundings.

• Enthalpy change is negative.

Endothermic

• System absorb energy from surrounding.

• Enthalphy change is positive.

• The number of particles per unit volume increases

• The frequency of collisions between particle increases

• The frequency of effective collisions between particle increases

• The rate of reaction increases

When the total surface area of the reactant increases

• the total surface area exposed to collisions increases

• The frequency of collisions between particle increases

• The frequency of effective collisions between particle increases

• The rate of reaction increases

  
  

• The kinetic energy of the reactant particles increases

• The frequency of collisions between particle increases

• The frequency of effective collisions between particle increases

• The rate of reaction increases

In the presence of the catalyst,

• The catalyst provides an alternative pathway by lowering the activation energy

• More reactant particles can achieve the activation energy

• The frequency of effective collisions between particle increases

• The rate of reaction increases

  
  

7.1 Determining of rate of reactions by 

7.1.1 Classify fast and slow reactions that occur in daily life

7.1.2 Explain the meaning of the rate of reaction

7.1.3 Identify changes which can be observed and measured during chemical reactions through activity

7.1.4 Determine:

       i) Average rate of reaction

       ii) Instantaneous rate of reaction

7.1.5 Solve numerical problems based on the average and instantaneous rate of reactions

7.2 Factor affecting rate of reactions

7.2.1 i) Size of reactants

       ii) Concentration

       iii) Temperature

      iv) Presence of catalyst

7.3 Application of factors that affect the rate of reaction in daily life 

7.3.1 Explain with examples the application of factors that affect the rate of reaction in daily life

7.4 Collision theory

7.4.1 Describe the collision theory

7.4.2 Explain activation energy using examples

7.4.3 Interpret an energy profile diagram for exothermic reaction and endothermic reaction

1. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1QO5BFzJBJnKo93cpNfkabU4R8oEm7lT2/view

2. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gLqydAlizFX8OLHJ1Zr59poxfaQh8C1I/view