Behaviorism by Holly Johnson https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9 Psychological Perspectives en-us 2017-04-25 17:00:39 UTC 2023-02-23 06:48:40 UTC hello@padlet.com Behaviorism https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/168175204 - The theory that human and animal behavior can be explained in terms of conditioning, without appeal to thoughts or feelings, and that psychological disorders are best treated by altering behavior patterns. 
- Psychology should be a science based on only observable events, not the unconscious or conscious mind

]]> 2017-04-25 17:10:43 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/168175204 Associative Learning hollyjohnson77 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/168176013 - Learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning).]]> 2017-04-25 17:13:33 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/168176013 Learning hollyjohnson77 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/168176177 - A relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience]]> 2017-04-25 17:14:09 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/168176177 Classical Conditioning hollyjohnson77 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/168177811 - A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events]]> 2017-04-25 17:19:25 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/168177811 Unconditioned Response (UCR) hollyjohnson77 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/168178147 - In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth]]> 2017-04-25 17:20:29 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/168178147 Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)- hollyjohnson77 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/168178611 - A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response.]]> 2017-04-25 17:21:52 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/168178611 Participating Psychologists dwassell1 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/168384241 John B. Watson - classical conditioning, Baby Albert experiment, founder of behaviorism

B.F Skinner - operant conditioning, created the skinner box to assist with lab analysis of animal behavior and learning

Pavlov- classical conditioning
- Most well known for his dog and salvation technique proving the effects of classical conditioning

Bandura- In agreement with both classical and operant conditioning, moreover he establishes the ideas that behavior stems from observational learning within the environment and that in addition to the conditioning process one can mediate between the response and stimuli.

Ellis- Father of cognitive- behavior theory and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). Founded the belief that certain beliefs (often in irrational beliefs in the case of moos disorders) effect one's ability to function emotionally.

Beck- Contributed the Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) : A theory that involves talking in an attempt to change negative thought processes to rectify certain behaviors.

Harlow: Attachment experiment with the cloth/wore monkey to test whether the softer, more realistic or the more mechanical fake money was preferred by the real monkey. This studies that the need for affection creates a stronger bond.

Ainsworth: Categories babies as securely attached, insecure-aviodant, or insecure-ambivalent by studying their behaviors reacting to distance from their mothers ]]> 2017-04-26 14:26:15 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/168384241 EX: Operant Chamber/The Skinner Box mworthington3 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169452566 In operant conditioning research, a chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer; attached devices record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking]]> 2017-05-02 15:22:34 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169452566 Types of Motivation in Behaviorism mworthington3 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169453072 Intrinsic Motivation:
a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake.

Extrinsic Motivation:
a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment.
]]> 2017-05-02 15:23:32 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169453072 Operant Conditioning mworthington3 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169456589 A type of learning in which a behavior is strengthened (meaning, it will occur more frequently) when it's followed by reinforcement, and weakened (will happen less frequently) when followed by punishment.]]> 2017-05-02 15:32:58 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169456589 Operant Conditioning Reinforcement Schedules mworthington3 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169457009 2017-05-02 15:34:04 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169457009 mworthington3 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169462469 2017-05-02 15:46:17 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169462469 Systematic Desensitization dwassell1 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169464946 " A treatment for phobias in which the patient is exposed to progressively more anxiety-provoking stimuli and taught relaxation techniques."

]]> 2017-05-02 15:52:57 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169464946 Types of Reinforcement & Punishment mworthington3 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169465505 2017-05-02 15:54:36 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169465505 Aversion Therapy dwassell1 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169467198 " A type of behavior therapy designed to make a patient give up an undesirable habit by causing them to associate it with an unpleasant effect."

]]> 2017-05-02 15:59:15 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169467198 Conditioned Stimulus (CS)- mworthington3 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169467721 - Originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response.]]> 2017-05-02 16:00:51 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169467721 Conditioned Response (CR)- mworthington3 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169468193 - The learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus.]]> 2017-05-02 16:02:15 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169468193 mworthington3 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169574806 2017-05-03 01:51:20 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169574806 mworthington3 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169576408 2017-05-03 02:10:41 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169576408 Bobo Doll Experiment mworthington3 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169576737 Young children observed an adult aggressively hitting a Bobo doll. When children were later allowed to play with the Bobo, those children who witnesses the Bobo doll performed the same aggressive actions and improvised new ways of playing aggressively.]]> 2017-05-03 02:14:21 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169576737 mworthington3 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169577163 2017-05-03 02:18:42 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169577163 mworthington3 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169577242 2017-05-03 02:19:47 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169577242 Approaches of Behaviorism mworthington3 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169833707 General: Environmental influence, classical and operant learning, nature

Personality: Behavior is personality, determined by the persons history of reinforcement

Abnormal: Results from faulty contingencies of reinforcement contexts that contribute to the development of psychological disorders]]> 2017-05-04 02:43:22 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169833707 Evaluation of Perspective mworthington3 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169834236 Insights:Not everything can be discovered through behavior. Many aspects of life play a part in the development of a living being.
Implications: Behaviorism implies that the development of a person depends on learning through their behaviors and experiences.
Criticisms:
http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-94-015-9247-5_8#page-1
-Contradictions with the ideas of Darwin's natural selection. (Nature vs. Nurture argument)
-Failure to show adequate generalizability in human behavior
-Inability to explain the development of human language.
http://www.personalityresearch.org/papers/naik.html






]]> 2017-05-04 02:47:55 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169834236 History of Perspective mworthington3 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169927251 The earliest human civilizations most likely made use of the systematic application of rewards and punishments as an effective means to control behavior. The domestication of animals throughout history, and the numerous early historical references to the effectiveness of animal trainers, further create a form of behavioral psychology that we see prevalent throughout our lives still today. John Watson is said to be the Father of Behaviorism, later followed by many other psychologists, a few of which listed below. ]]> 2017-05-04 13:31:14 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169927251 mworthington3 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169930678 2017-05-04 13:41:04 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169930678 Law of Effect hollyjohnson77 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169998847 -Thorndike's principle that behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely]]> 2017-05-04 17:03:14 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169998847 Shaping hollyjohnson77 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169999572 -an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior]]> 2017-05-04 17:06:13 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/169999572 Discrimination hollyjohnson77 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170000099 -in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus]]> 2017-05-04 17:08:33 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170000099 Generalization hollyjohnson77 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170000300 -the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses]]> 2017-05-04 17:09:12 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170000300 Extinction hollyjohnson77 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170000506 -the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced]]> 2017-05-04 17:09:52 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170000506 Acquisition hollyjohnson77 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170000728 -in classical conditioning, the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus so that the neutral stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response. In operant conditioning, the strengthening of a reinforced response]]> 2017-05-04 17:10:50 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170000728 Counter Conditioning hollyjohnson77 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170001335 -a behavior therapy procedure that uses classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; includes exposure therapies and aversive conditioning.]]> 2017-05-04 17:13:00 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170001335 Token Economy hollyjohnson77 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170001590 -an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats.]]> 2017-05-04 17:13:48 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170001590 Partial (intermittent) Reinforcement hollyjohnson77 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170001831 -reinforcing a response only part of the time; results in slower acquisition of a response but much greater resistance to extinction than does continuous reinforcement.]]> 2017-05-04 17:14:38 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170001831 Fixed Ratio Schedule hollyjohnson77 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170002042 -in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses.]]> 2017-05-04 17:15:20 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170002042 Variable Ratio Schedule hollyjohnson77 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170002368 -in operant conditioning, a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses.]]> 2017-05-04 17:16:20 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170002368 Cognitive Map hollyjohnson77 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170002834 a mental representation of the layout of one's environment. For example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it.]]> 2017-05-04 17:17:59 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170002834 Extrinsic Motivation hollyjohnson77 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170003014 -a desire to perform a behavior to receive promised rewards or avoid threatened punishment.]]> 2017-05-04 17:18:34 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170003014 BY Holly Johnson, Megan Worthington, and Danielle Wassell hollyjohnson77 https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170004674 2017-05-04 17:24:10 UTC https://padlet.com/hollyjohnson77/fss179l6asj9/wish/170004674