1. Rukun Islam (Pillars of Islam): The Rukun Islam refers to the five basic acts that are considered obligatory for every Muslim. These include the Shahada (declaration of faith), Salat (ritual prayer), Zakat (almsgiving), Sawm (fasting during the month of Ramadan), and Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca). They form the framework of a Muslim's life and represent the core practices that strengthen one's relationship with Allah.

2. Iman (Faith): Iman represents the six articles of faith in Islam. These are belief in Allah as the one and only God, belief in the angels, belief in the revealed books (such as the Quran), belief in the prophets, belief in the Day of Judgment, and belief in divine preordainment. It signifies the core tenets that form the foundation of a Muslim's belief in the unseen aspects of the Islamic faith.

3. Ihsan (Excellence in Worship): Ihsan is the concept of excellence in worship and denotes the state of striving for spiritual excellence in all actions. It involves worshipping Allah as if one can see Him, knowing that even though one cannot see Him, He sees everything. It emphasizes the pursuit of a higher spiritual state and the development of a deep and sincere connection with Allah, which influences every aspect of a Muslim's life.

1. The Arrival of False Prophets and the Dajjal (Antichrist): It is believed that before the Day of Judgment, false prophets and the Dajjal, a figure of deception and falsehood, will emerge to lead people astray.
2. The Descent of Jesus (Isa) and the Defeat of the Dajjal: According to Islamic tradition, Jesus will return to Earth to defeat the Dajjal and establish peace and justice.
3. The Emergence of Yajuj and Majuj (Gog and Magog): These are tribes or groups that will spread corruption and chaos before the Day of Judgment.
4. Destruction and Chaos: It is believed that there will be widespread chaos, conflicts, and natural disasters leading up to the Day of Judgment.
5. The Rising of the Sun from the West: This is considered one of the major signs of the approaching Day of Judgment, as it signifies a significant alteration of the natural order.
6. The Smoke (Al-Dukhan): The appearance of a smoke that will cover the skies and affect the lives of disbelievers.
7. The Beast(DABBATUL ARD (دابة الأرض)): The appearance of a great and monstrous beast that will emerge to mark the beginning of the end times.

Reasons for obligatory fasting in Ramadan:

The words of Allah SWT:

"O you who believe, it has been made obligatory upon you to fast as it has been made obligatory upon the nations before you, may you become pious people. " - ( Surah al-Baqarah : 183)

Hadith of the Prophet SAW:

Confirmed by the Prophet SAW through his words narrated by Ahmad, An-Nasa'i and Al Baihaqi from Abu Hurairah, which means:

"Indeed, the month of Ramadan has come to you, a month full of blessings. God has made it obligatory upon you to fast in it. Throughout the month of Ramadan, all the gates of heaven are opened and all the gates of hell are closed and all the devils are shackled......."

Pronounce intention:نَوَيْتُ صَوْمَ غَدٍ عَنْ أَدَاءِ فَرْضِ رَمَضَانَ هَذِهِ السَّنَةِ لِلَّهِ تَعَالَى

The intention: I am only fasting tomorrow to fulfill this year's Ramadan fast for the sake of Allah Taala.

(even if it's just a ghadin an ada-i fardi Ramadan hazihis sanati lillahi taala)

Intended time

The intended time starts from sunset, which is the time of the obligatory Maghrib prayer until before dawn ( Dawn time ). Therefore, it is permissible to perform the intention of fasting at any part of the time, even during breaking the fast.

Fasting during the month of Ramadan is specifically mentioned in three consecutive verses of the Qur'an:

O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed to you as it was prescribed to those before you, that you may (learn) self-restraint.

—Surah Baqarah 2:183

(Fasting) for a fixed number of days; but if any of you is ill, or on a journey, the prescribed number (Should be made up) from days later. For those who can do it (With hardship), is a ransom, the feeding of one that is indigent. But he that will give more, of his own free will,- it is better for him. And it is better for you that you fast, if you only knew.

—Surah Baqarah 2:184

Ramadan Iftar Dua:

Ramadan fast is broken by reciting iftar dua:

Allahumma inni laka sumtu wa bika aamantu [wa ‘alayka tawakkaltu]wa ‘ala rizq-ika aftarth
Meaning: “Oh Allah, I fasted for You and I believe in You and I break my fast with Your sustenance.”