The Progressive Era, Immigration, Unions, and the Labor Movement by

nylahnalaya0 — 2024-07-05 16:06:36 UTC

The Working Class

Who: Industrial workers in factories, mines, and mills
What: Conditions, wages, hours of work, types of labor
Where: Industrial centers across the United States
When: Late 19th and early 20th centuries
Why: Industrialization led to mass employment in factories; workers faced harsh conditions and sought labor reforms
How: Struggles for better working conditions, unionization, strikes

nylahnalaya0 — 2024-07-05 16:06:36 UTC

Knights of Labor

Who: Skilled and unskilled workers, diverse membership
What: National labor union advocating for workers' rights, including 8-hour workday, equal pay
Where: United States, various industries
When: Founded in 1869, peaked in the 1880s
Why: Response to poor working conditions, inequality, and industrialization's impact on labor
How: Strikes, boycotts, legislative advocacy

nylahnalaya0 — 2024-07-05 16:06:36 UTC

Scientific Management

Who: Industrial managers, engineers
What: Systematic management practices to improve efficiency and productivity
Where: Factories and industries adopting new management techniques
When: Late 19th and early 20th centuries
Why: Response to inefficiencies in production processes
How: Time-motion studies, standardization of work processes, division of labor

nylahnalaya0 — 2024-07-05 16:06:36 UTC

The New Consumer Culture Who: Middle-class Americans, urban populations What: Rise of mass production, department stores, mail-order catalogs Where: Urban centers primarily, but influenced rural areas too When: Late 19th and early 20th centuries Why: Increased availability of goods due to industrialization and transportation improvements How: Advertising, installment buying, cultural shifts towards consumerism

nylahnalaya0 — 2024-07-05 16:06:36 UTC

Panic of 1873

Who: Financial markets, businesses, workers
What: Financial crisis triggered by over-speculation in railroads and other industries
Where: United States, but with global economic impacts
When: 1873 and subsequent years
Why: Speculative excesses, economic instability
How: Bank failures, unemployment, economic downturn lasting several years

nylahnalaya0 — 2024-07-05 16:06:36 UTC

Skilled laborers, craft unions
What: Federation of labor unions representing skilled workers, focused on bread-and-butter issues
Where: United States, across different industries
When: Founded in 1886, became prominent in the early 20th century
Why: Reaction to Knights of Labor's failures, aimed at improving working conditions and wages
How: Collective bargaining, strikes, lobbying for labor legislation