A347 Lesson 6 mindmap by NUH SYAZWAN B SUHARDI https://padlet.com/20008698_2/fs18rilvuyrry1qa Made with good vibes en-us 2021-11-24 04:44:54 UTC 2021-11-24 06:22:29 UTC hello@padlet.com Food Waste Recycling 20008698_2 https://padlet.com/20008698_2/fs18rilvuyrry1qa/wish/1909842297 2021-11-24 04:46:49 UTC https://padlet.com/20008698_2/fs18rilvuyrry1qa/wish/1909842297 What is Singapore doing to help reduce food waste and increase food waste recycling? 20008698_2 https://padlet.com/20008698_2/fs18rilvuyrry1qa/wish/1909843767
  • Ongoing food waste reduction publicity and outreach programme to raise awareness regarding the food waste situation in Singapore
  • Developed Food waste minimization guidebooks for food retail establishments and supermarkets to help further reduce food waste across the supply chain.
  • Conduct “Food Waste, Dont Waste” Pilot at Tampines Greenlace HDB estate

    • ]]>     2021-11-24 04:48:12 UTC https://padlet.com/20008698_2/fs18rilvuyrry1qa/wish/1909843767     Main processes of organic waste recycling 19024662_2 https://padlet.com/20008698_2/fs18rilvuyrry1qa/wish/1909844809 2021-11-24 04:49:07 UTC https://padlet.com/20008698_2/fs18rilvuyrry1qa/wish/1909844809 Black Soldier Fly Composting 20008698_2 https://padlet.com/20008698_2/fs18rilvuyrry1qa/wish/1909845790 - Uses Black Soldier Fly for the composting of organic waste such as food waste
    - During the composting with black soldier flies, leachate is being produced
    -  Then, leachates seep into the surrounding soil making it available for plants and worms to turn it into composted soil

    Benefits
    - Black Soldier Fly is harmless
    - Able to dispose organic waste faster than worms
    - Able to find the Black Soldier Fly almost anywhere]]>     2021-11-24 04:49:43 UTC https://padlet.com/20008698_2/fs18rilvuyrry1qa/wish/1909845790     Anaerobic Digestion 200254011 https://padlet.com/20008698_2/fs18rilvuyrry1qa/wish/1909846587 - Decomposition by special microbes without the need for oxygen
    Stages: 
    1) Hydrolysis
    2) Acidogenesis
    3) Acetogenesis
    4) Methanogenesis]]>     2021-11-24 04:50:28 UTC https://padlet.com/20008698_2/fs18rilvuyrry1qa/wish/1909846587     Composting 19024662_2 https://padlet.com/20008698_2/fs18rilvuyrry1qa/wish/1909847170 - Biological decomposition process of organic waste under aerobic conditions
    - End-product: Humus rich soil amendment known as Compost
    Requirement
    --> Optimum C/N ratio = (25-35):1
    High C/N ratio - too little nitrogen for biological growth causing the degradation process to be slow
    Low C/N ratio - too much nitrogen, causes the accumulation and lost of ammonia gas]]>     2021-11-24 04:50:55 UTC https://padlet.com/20008698_2/fs18rilvuyrry1qa/wish/1909847170     Types of microbes involved in each stage 200254011 https://padlet.com/20008698_2/fs18rilvuyrry1qa/wish/1909848991 - Hydrolysis: Fermentative Bacteria (Streptococcus, Enterobacterium etc.)
    - Acidogenesis: Acid-phase bacteria/Acidogens (Bacillus, Clostridium etc.)
    - Acetogenesis: Acetogenic bacteria/Acetogens (Syntrophomonas etc.)
    - Methanogensis: Methane-forming microorganisms (Methanobacterium, Methanococcus etc.)]]>     2021-11-24 04:52:42 UTC https://padlet.com/20008698_2/fs18rilvuyrry1qa/wish/1909848991     parameters that affect anarobic digestion0 200030131 https://padlet.com/20008698_2/fs18rilvuyrry1qa/wish/1909850927 pH 
    - acceptable pH of 5.5 - 8.5
    - 6.7 to 7.4 (best pH for methanogens)
    - from acidogenesis stage to methanogenesis stage the pH will decrease
     
     Temperature
    - different bacteria thrive in different temperature 
    - thermophilic (50°C to 65°C)
    - mesophilic (25°C to 40°C) 

    C/N ratio 
    - it is the amount of organic carbon and nitrogen present in the feedstock 
    - Low C/N means too much nitrogen which might cause ammonia to accumulate leading to an increase in pH 
    - high C/n means too little nitrogen produced leading to a decrease in the gas produced (20 - 30) 

    retention time 
    - amount of time that the feedstock stay in the digestor 
    - retention time can change from a range of 5 and 55 days (depending on the anaerobic process) 
    -dry process = dry mass percentage of 20% to 40% 
    - wet process = dry mass percentage less than 15%

    Organic loading rate 
    - application of soluble and particular organic matter 
    - If OLR is too high, acid will be produced to quickly 
    - pH will decrease and the microorganisms present will die 

    ]]>     2021-11-24 04:54:31 UTC https://padlet.com/20008698_2/fs18rilvuyrry1qa/wish/1909850927