VPM - VERTICAL PROJECTILE MOTION by Lizelle Swanepoel

4 MAIN SCENARIOS OF VERTICAL MOTION

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FREEFALL - falling under the influence of gravity only

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THE LAW OF FALLING BODIES:
In a vacuum, all bodies fall with the same constant acceleration.

Answers to first exercises in Booklet

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Exercise 1.2

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ANSWERS TO GRAPHING QUESTIONS

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ELASTIC BOUNCING

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With elastic bouncing:

E_k of object after bouncing = E_k of object before bouncing
Rebound velocity after bounce = impact velocity upon bounce

INELASTIC BOUNCING

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With inelastic bouncing:

E_k of object after bouncing < E_k of object before bouncing
Rebound velocity after bounce < impact velocity upon bounce

The Law of Falling Bodies

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Watch this video as introduction. In your own time.

Galileo and Falling Bodies

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BOUNCING BALL GRAPHS

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Using Tracker:

STACKED BOUNCING BALLS 🏀

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INTRODUCTION TO THE PHYSICS AND GRAPHS OF BOUNCING

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BOUNCING BALL PHYSICS

BOUNCING BALL PROBLEM

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INELASTIC BOUNCING

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With inelastic bouncing:

E_k of object after bouncing < E_k of object before bouncing
Rebound velocity after bounce < impact velocity upon bounce

Before the drop

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After the drop and first bounce

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Homework Answers - EXERCISE 1.3

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Mark Ex 1.3 - Q1,3,5,6

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RESTITUTION COEFFICIENT

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Explaining how energy is lost in inelastic collisions:

BALL BOUNCE PROBLEM

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HOW TO GRAPH
Choose down as positive direction:

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1.3.8 Draw the v-t graph for the motion of the ball.
Down is positive direction:

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1.3.9 Calculate the displacement of the ball.
Down is positive direction:

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1.3.10 Draw the position-time graph for the motion of the ball.
Down is positive direction:

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1.3.11 Use the ground as reference position, and re-draw the position-time graph.

Inelastic bouncing

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With inelastic bouncing:

E_k of object after bouncing < E_k of object before bouncing
Rebound velocity after bounce < impact velocity upon bounce

EQUATIONS OF MOTION

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FOR USE WHEN YOU DO BOTH HORIZONTAL OR VERTICAL MOTION PROBLEMS:

FOCUS POINTS FOR KINEMATICS

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1. KINEMATICS – HORIZONTAL

• Definitions asked – will guide you into the questions which follow.
• Make a summary and a sketch of applicable given information.
• ALWAYS write the formula which you are going to use in a sub-question before substituting the relevant values.
• Take note that equations of motion can only be used during constant acceleration or motion in a straight line.
• MENTION THE DIRECTION IN YOUR EXPLANATORY SENTENCE, WITH A POSITIVE FINAL ANSWER, WHEN CALCULATING A VECTOR QUANTITY.
• Graphs:

The gradient or area enclosed of the graph provide useful information.
x- and y-intercepts provide you with useful information - initial velocity, final velocity etc.
Maximum and minimum values and turning around points are important.
Average and instantaneous gradients are calculated in different ways.
Whenever you use values from a graph, they must be on the line of best fit.
Indicate the values used on your graph by circling them.
Data points on a graph are drawn with crosses, not dots!

2. KINEMATICS – VERTICAL

• Definitions asked – will guide you into the questions which follow.
• Make a summary and sketch of applicable given information.
• ALWAYS write down the formula which you are going to use in a sub-question before substituting the relevant values.
• Equations of motion can only be used during constant acceleration or motion in a straight line.
• When an object is in free-fall, close to the surface of the earth, the object will experience a constant acceleration of 9,8 m.s^-2 downward. This is true even if the object has a periodic velocity of 0 m.s^-1 at its turning (highest) point.
• The acceleration during a bounce is NOT equal to 9,8 m.s^-2 .
• MENTION THE DIRECTION IN YOUR EXPLANATORY SENTENCE, WITH A
POSITIVE FINAL ANSWER, WHEN CALCULATING A VECTOR QUANTITY.
• Graphs:

The gradient or area enclosed of the graph provide useful information.
x- and y-intercepts provide you with useful information - initial velocity, final velocity, etc.
Maximum and minimum values and turning (highest) points are important.
Average and instantaneous gradients are calculated in different ways.
Whenever you use values from a graph, they must sit on the line of best fit.
Indicate the values used on your graph by circling them.
Data points on a graph are drawn with crosses, not dots!