Dysgraphia: Natgeene, Haylie H, Grace S, Maddie M, Sarah by William Schleicher https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog In your groups, complete the following tasks about your chosen Specific Learning Disability en-us 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC 2023-10-06 00:55:30 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet.net/icons/png/270f.png Directions wschleic https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074328 This week, you will be working in groups based upon your chosen disability. During each class, you will be given a set of criterion to follow to construct your own research and find resources to create a disability padlet. On Friday of this week, you will be teaching another group about your disability using the padlet you have created, which will lead into our second edition of the Who Am I? Demystification poster regarding Specific Learning Disabilities.

Tasks: Conduct your own research (I have given you a head start with the resource hub) on each of the subtopics for each day. As always, based on course policy, do not copy and paste. Quote, summarize, and paraphrase. For each subtopic, you will also be required to find two resources (videos, links, websites, pdfs, etc.) to assist and teach others. Provide a brief description for each of your resources as well.

Subtopics: In each subtopic, you will need the following:
- Defining, summarizing, quoting, or paraphrasing to give an understanding of each one.
- Two resources + an explanation of each one.]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074328 What is Dysgraphia - Nevaeh Parente https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074332 - neurological disorder - writing disability 
- causes distorted writing 
- use of the wrong words when trying to communicate 
- people with this disability don't have any other social or academic struggles 
- children find it difficult to keep up with notes - they sometimes miss big ideas 
- writing at a pace slower than usual ]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074332 Resource #2 - Hannah Yeykal myfdc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074334 This is another source that provides information regarding what dysgraphia is. It describes the disorder and provides information regarding assisting individuals who have this disability.]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074334 What is it? - Grace Schrecengost blzdc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074336 Dysgraphia is a neurological disorder that can make it difficult for a person to form letters in writing. People who have dysgraphia may also use the wrong words when they are communicating. The cause is not always known, and once diagnosed, strategies can be implemented to assist in the challenges it presents.

Healthline's "What Is Dysgraphia?" is a resource that describes what dysgraphia is, potential causes, symptoms, risk, assessments, and treatments.
https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/dysgraphia#:~:text=Dysgraphia%20is%20a%20neurological%20disorder,are%20first%20introduced%20to%20writing. This resource from NIH describes what dysgraphia is categorized as, symptoms, early signs, potential causes, and other challenges individuals with dysgraphia may face.

Both resources state that dysgraphia is a neurological disorder characterized by writing disabilities. It causes the writing to be distorted or wrong. There are usually no social or other academic problems, and cases in adults generally occur after trauma. Treatment will vary and may focus on controlling movements or addressing impaired memory.



]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074336 qsldc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074337 The causes of Dysgraphia in adults can be caused by some form of trauma and usually associated with damage Parietal lobe of the brain. According to Psych Central, Dysgraphia in a child is unknown They may have difficulty learning how to write despite getting adequate instruction in school and having the appropriate cognitive level to learn. ]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074337 Causes https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074338 One of the possible causes of dysgraphia is result of an orthographic coding issue. The working memory combines the ability to permanently remember written words and how the fingers move in order to write the words. The brain struggles with processing words and writing them, even if they know how to read or spell. 
Sometimes in adults the cause can be from. a stroke or brain injury of some kind. Usually it's when the left parietal lobe is injured. 
Madison Schmitt]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074338 qsldc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074339 With dysgraphia, kids or adults have a harder time planning and executing the writing of sentences, words, and even individual letters. It’s not that you don’t know how to read, spell, or identify letters and words. It’s simply that you have a hard time processing certain words ]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074339 Potential Causes - Hannah Yeykal myfdc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074340 One potential cause of the development of dysgraphia is trauma. There has been a link shown between trauma and this disability. Any event that causes damage to the parietal lobe could be seen as a potential cause of dysgraphia. No cause has been identified for certain, but there have been links seen between these events. This disorder is usually identified when students begin to write, but it can be identified later in life in some cases.]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074340 Resource #1 - Hannah Yeykal myfdc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074341 This source discusses a few potential causes of dysgraphia and answers some common questions about the disability. It is a very informational source that could assist in helping families learn about their child's disability.]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074341 Resource #2 - Hannah Yeykal myfdc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074342 In the section that describes what dysgraphia is, the article discusses some links that have been found between certain events and the development of dysgraphia. While no causes can be confirmed, they do provide some events that frequently line up with the development of dysgraphia.]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074342 Prevalence ssvitek70 https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074345 The exact number of people effected is unknown but it is relatively common. Researchers estimate between 5% to 20% of people have Dysgraphia.




]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074345 Prevalence https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074347 The rate is between 4-10% in children. It's seen that dysgraphia affects more men than women. There are lots of people living with it that don't realize it because it often goes undiagnosed or even misdiagnosed. 
Madison Schmitt]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074347 Prevalence ssvitek70 https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074349 https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23294-dysgraphia

This resource outlines what dysgraphia is, how common it is, symptoms and causes, how one gets diagnosed, and more. The resource would be extremely helpful if you do not know much about Dysgraphia. ]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074349 wschleic https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074351 Identify challenges in the following areas:
- School
- Home
- Community
- Employment (for adults)
- Relationships
- Social and Emotional

]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074351 qsldc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074352 ~Having a hard time writing in a straight line.
~writing letters in reverse.
 ~Having trouble finding out/ recalling how words are formed.
~Having difficulty understanding where lowercase and uppercase letters are. ]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074352 qsldc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074353 “Children with dysgraphia struggle to write, often causing them to experience emotional stress and anxiety. Because they have good verbal skills, parents and teachers expect them to write at the same level as they speak”]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074353 qsldc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074355 Adults with dysgraphia will experience messier hand writing they’ll also appear in the purposeful avoidance of writing and in weak fine motor skills. ]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074355 wschleic https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074361 What are the academic, behavioral, or functional areas of struggle based on this disability?]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074361 https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074362 Academic things they struggle with are letter formation and being able to space letters correctly. When writing they may write words backward or may not be able to write in a straight line. They also struggle to write at a normal speed because of not remember certain letters.

]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074362 Deficit Areas of Dysgraphia (Hahn) wlkdc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074363 Those with dysgraphia struggle with the proper motor skills to physically and functionally write things down. Motor skills allow individuals to hold a pencil, place their arms in the correct spot to write, and format their writing. When these skills are lacking in a person, their writing can become disorganized, hard to read, or incomplete. These individuals often find it difficult to properly concentrate due to their struggle to focus on the way they are writing. 
https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-dysgraphia#symptoms]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074363 https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074364 Some struggles for behaviors for a child who has dysgraphia may lead to them falling behind and not wanting to do any work making them irritable and stressed. It says in the article "Parents and teachers expect them to write at the same level as they speak." So this makes the kids feel like they aren't smart and less motivated about doing any written assignments because others think they should be good at both.]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074364 Characteristics https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074366 Some of the characteristics include not being able to spell correctly or capitalize. Mixing of cursive and print letters when writing. Writing is slow and the sizing and spacing of words in too large or small. There is difficulty with being able to visualize the words prior to writing them plus not being able to comfortable hold the writing utensil resulting to hand cramps. Some students may say the words out loud first or while writing them. 
Madison Schmitt]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074366 Characteristics wvtdc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074371 There are a lot of different characteristics that are involved with Dysgraphia. People who suffer from Dysgraphia often space their letters and words poorly and they also cannot form their letters correctly which can make their writing hard to read. Another characteristic of Dysgraphia is not having a consistent pencil grip which makes it harder to write because it may feel awkward or uncomfortable. The Special Programs article explains the potential characteristics that someone with Dysgraphia may face and also what can cause these characteristics.
Some other characteristics that are involved with Dysgraphia are the individual may lack certain motor skills which makes it very difficult for them to complete simple writing tasks. Their work also is not clear and can be hard to read due to them being unable to write clearly.
https://www.starhealth.in/blog/what-is-dysgraphia-types-characteristics-symptoms-causes-everyone-should-know
As stated in this article, individuals who suffer from dysgraphia have a hard time writing because they lack the fine motor skills that are connected to writing.

]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074371 wschleic https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074373 Do/Can any other disabilities exist in addition to this primary diagnosis?

]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074373 Comorbidity - Grace Schrecengost blzdc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074374 With dysgraphia, comorbidity is not incredibly common. Dysgraphia is a neurological disorder, and because of this, many illnesses and disorders may stem from the same root cause, but it is entirely dependent on the neurological issues that may influence dysgraphia.

The M Center's "Dysgraphia: Symptoms, Diagnosis, Comorbid Conditions" describes potential comorbidity in dysgraphia. It states that dysgraphia is found along with ADHD and PANDAS, as these are both neurological disorders.
https://www.psy-ed.com/wpblog/what-is-dysgraphia/ This resource states that dysgraphia is sometimes seen along side ADHD and SLIs.]]> 2023-10-02 18:19:55 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2729074374 Instruction blzdc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2732096626 1. https://www.davidsongifted.org/gifted-blog/dysgraphia-q-a/
Dysgraphia is typically assessed through IQ tests, academic assessments, measures of fine motor skills, writing samples, and tests that involve copying designs.

https://www.understood.org/en/articles/at-a-glance-classroom-accommodations-for-dysgraphia
Accommodations can be pencil grips, hand outs, copies of notes, extra time, audio recorders, laptops, raised line paper, and graph paper.

Some strategies to help with completing assessments are early instructions, breaking assignments down into steps, go over each step on the rubric, and offer alternatives such as oral reports.

2. One accommodation is giving students extra time. Based on needs and deficit areas, this can be adjusted based on the length of the extra time given. Another accommodation is a pencil grip. This can be adjusted based on the type of grip, students can try multiple and see which feels best.  A third accommodation is graph paper or lined paper. This can be adjusted based on the type, such as graph, line, or raised line.]]> 2023-10-04 13:39:25 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2732096626 Impact wvtdc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2732125864 One strategy that families can use to reinforce their child's writing skills would be having the child practice pinching. This way they can strengthen their fingers and it will help them gain more ability to grip their writing utensil.]]> 2023-10-04 13:54:26 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2732125864 Transition to Adulthood blzdc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2732126069 Emotional Regulation: Adults with dysgraphia may feel flustered, frustrated, or upset about their learning experience, or how dysgraphia affects their day to day life. To help adults facing this, it is important for them to be surrounded by support people. It is also important to teach them some coping skills, such as deep breathing exercises or mindfulness. Grace

Communication: Adults with dysgraphia may have a hard time with taking notes and keeping up with certain tasks. Ways that will help them in school or work is by taking pictures of the whiteboard, recording a presentation to listen, and getting invoiced emails. Avoid using pens and use pencil and pencil grips to write and have line paper to write down the important things needed to help them remember. “It can be severe and cause an almost total lack of writing ability, or it can be mild and only disturb one aspect of the writing process, such as the coherence of written text vs. the physical act of putting words on paper.”
https://www.readandspell.com/us/dysgraphia-in-adults Natgeene

Advocacy for Needs: To support adults with dysgraphia in their advocacy for their needs, we first must make sure they know the options available to them in regards to assistive technology. Then, we must make sure they know the law supports them in their right. Finally, we must point them to the correct resources to help. Grace

Independence: Some tips on how to help adults with dysgraphia gain more independence would be making sure you are not trying to control what they are doing but instead supporting them. By allowing them to work on their own and providing them with the resources that will help them when they are alone, they will be able to work more independently and not rely on someone else to help them do their work. https://www.endeavour.com.au/about-us/our-stories/blog-posts/21-tips-promoting-independence-adults-with-disability Maddie]]> 2023-10-04 13:54:32 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2732126069 qsldc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2734100504 “Using multisensory techniques, including saying the letter and/or the sequence of movements while writing the letter; using large air writing techniques (writing the letter in the air using two fingers, with wrist and elbow fairly straight, though not rigid); writing letters in texture, such as on fine sandpaper or in pudding; and writing large letters using a squirt bottle of colored water against an outside wall.” Writing can be tiring and painful to the hands leading to cramping, this is the same for someone who suffers from Dysgraphia, doing writing breaks or warm ups with help the individual such as: 


  • Rub hands on the carpet in circles (or, if wearing clothing with some mild texture, rub hands on thighs, close to knees)
  • Use the thumb of the dominant hand to click the top of a ballpoint pen while holding it in that hand. Repeat using the index finger.
  • Perform sitting pushups by placing each palm on the chair with fingers facing forward. Students push down on their hands, lifting their body slightly off the chair.
]]> 2023-10-05 14:55:35 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2734100504 Assistive Technology wlkdc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2734520776 To ease the learning process for students with dysgraphia, we can provide them with assistive technologies like pencil grips or speech-to-text. Pencil grips can provide an easier way for students who lack motor skills to hold a writing utensil to write on their assignments or take notes. Speech-to-text is a mid level AT that can be used for students with a more severe case of dysgraphia, as they can verbally speak what they need written down in text. To provide students with a higher-tech resource, a tablet can be utilized for typing. Some students with dysgraphia may find it easier to type rather than use a writing utensil to take notes. ]]> 2023-10-05 19:49:37 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2734520776 Transitions wlkdc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2734521139 Social Skills: We can prepare the student to have the confidence to advocate for themselves and the accommodations they may require in a work space or otherwise. When they have the skills to communicate their needs, they can go far and succeed greatly. 
Problem Solving: Provide the students with resources to accommodate them in various aspects of their lives, given their disability. Teaching students their rights, resources, and ability to problem solve will make their transition into the postsecondary world a much easier one. 
]]> 2023-10-05 19:50:02 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2734521139 Challenges wlkdc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2734521679 The disability can bring challenges to the family as well. As the student struggles, this can impact their performance in school, requiring the family to step in and advocate for their child with the school and try to help their child meet standards in the classroom. Families may also be unfamiliar with the disability and unsure of how to accommodate it. This can bring stress and discomfort to the family who wants to help their child but is unsure of how. ]]> 2023-10-05 19:50:46 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2734521679 Impact blzdc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2734744042 Some strategies in the home that can be implemented can be as simple as trying different pens, pencils, and papers. It is also important to help the student work on their motor skills in and outside of class, through play or practicing writing, for example.]]> 2023-10-06 00:53:23 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2734744042 Impact blzdc https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2734746160 At home, students can try different pencils, pens, and papers. Students can also continue to work on their fine motor skills as home to strengthen their handwriting.]]> 2023-10-06 00:55:13 UTC https://padlet.com/wschleic/fqodzp9bh079meog/wish/2734746160