https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj en-us 2022-09-04 00:31:59 UTC 2022-10-13 10:46:42 UTC hello@padlet.com gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2281706849 a NETWORK consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (printers, scanners, etc), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. ]]> 2022-09-04 00:35:56 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2281706849 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2281707363 a LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) is a network that is confined to a relatively small area like a writing lab, school or building. ]]> 2022-09-04 00:38:26 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2281707363 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2281707738 2022-09-04 00:40:26 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2281707738 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2281708236 are generally not used by humans directly, but rather run continuously to provide "services" to the other computers on the network.]]> 2022-09-04 00:42:29 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2281708236 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2281708819 typically have a human user which interacts with the network through them. Usually a desktop or a laptop, tablet or phone.]]> 2022-09-04 00:45:19 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2281708819 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2281709502 on a single LAN, computers and servers may be connected with a cable or wirelessly. ]]> 2022-09-04 00:48:25 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2281709502 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2281710495 Devices on a network that provide a bridge between computers and networks. ]]> 2022-09-04 00:53:12 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2281710495 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2281710727 Nearly all servers will be connected to a network by cables because it is still the fastest connection. ]]> 2022-09-04 00:54:22 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2281710727 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2281710904 Workstations can be wired or wireless.]]> 2022-09-04 00:55:13 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2281710904 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2281711612 A WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN) connects networks in larger geographic areas, such as a state, country or the world.]]> 2022-09-04 00:58:10 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2281711612 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335595489 2022-10-11 16:16:06 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335595489 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335596811 2022-10-11 16:16:54 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335596811 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335602913 PROTOCOL is a set of rules that governs the communications between computers on a network.]]> 2022-10-11 16:20:00 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335602913 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335614535 OSI Layer      Name          
7                  Application     
6                  Presentation
5                  Session
4                  Transport       
3                  Network         
2                   Data Link       
1                    Physical]]> 2022-10-11 16:26:57 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335614535 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335621377 HTTP/FTP/SMTP/DNS/Telnet


TCP/SPX
IP/IPX
Ethernet]]> 2022-10-11 16:31:00 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335621377 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335699148 -Focuses on hardware elements such as cables, repeaters and network interface cards.
-most common protocol used
-uses access method CSMA/CD (a system where each computer listens to the cable before sending anything through the network)


]]> 2022-10-11 17:18:49 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335699148 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335704632 max speed of 10 Mbps

]]> 2022-10-11 17:21:56 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335704632 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335705973 supports speeds up to 100 Mbps]]> 2022-10-11 17:22:50 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335705973 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335707503 1000 Mbps]]> 2022-10-11 17:23:45 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335707503 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335765902 Is in charge of routing network messages (data) from one computer to another. ]]> 2022-10-11 18:00:20 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335765902 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335768986 paired with TCP at the transport layer for Internet work]]> 2022-10-11 18:02:27 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335768986 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335771560 paired with SPX at the transport layer for some older Macintosh, Linus, UNIX, Novell and Windows networks]]> 2022-10-11 18:04:14 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335771560 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335789633 concerned with efficient and reliable transportation of the data packets from one network to another. ]]> 2022-10-11 18:16:13 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335789633 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335795716 Several protocols overlap the session, presentation and application layers of networks.
DNS, DHCP., FTP, HTTP, IMAP, IRC, POP3, SMTP]]> 2022-10-11 18:20:06 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335795716 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335802059 2022-10-11 18:24:18 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335802059 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335807142 Networking HARDWARE includes all computers, peripherals, interface cards and other equipment needed to perform data-processing and communications within the network.]]> 2022-10-11 18:27:51 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335807142 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335841589 Part of nearly every local area network. These are very fast computers with a large amount of RAM and storage space as well as one or more fast network interface card(s). ]]> 2022-10-11 18:53:00 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335841589 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335846698 -fast processor(s)
-large amount of RAM
-multiple large, fast hard drives
-extra expansion slots
-fast network interface card(s)
Optionally (if no other such devices are available on the network:
-a RAID to preserve large amounts of data
-a back-up unit]]> 2022-10-11 18:56:59 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335846698 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335850680 typically a computer that is configured with a network interface card, networking software, and the appropriate cables. ]]> 2022-10-11 19:00:03 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2335850680 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336759957 Have modest internal storage, but enough power to to be a workstation. Usually has a wireless adapter.]]> 2022-10-12 10:03:59 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336759957 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336762450 provides a physical connection between the network and the computer work station. Most are internal. Major factor determining speed and performance of a network. Most common are Ethernet cards and wireless adaptors. ]]> 2022-10-12 10:06:20 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336762450 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336767468 -can contain connections for either coaxial and/or twisted pair cables
       coaxial >connection will be BNC
        twisted pair>connection will be RJ-45
-some contain AUI connector

]]> 2022-10-12 10:11:04 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336767468 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336770125 -found in most portable devices]]> 2022-10-12 10:13:28 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336770125 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336776799 -provide a central connection point for cables from workstations, servers and peripherals. 
-usually configured with 8, 12, or 24 RJ-45 ports
-often used in a star or tree topology
available as "managed" or "unmanaged" 
-direct replacements for hubs, immediately reducing network traffic
-usually installed in a standardized metal rack ]]> 2022-10-12 10:19:53 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336776799 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336781371 -boost the signal as it passes along a cable
-good for cables that exceed 100 meters in length

]]> 2022-10-12 10:24:24 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336781371 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336785934 -allows you to segment a large network into two smaller networks
-connects old and new networks
-maintains the traffic on both sides of the network to maintain optimum performance]]> 2022-10-12 10:28:31 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336785934 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336793984 -traffic directors of the global internet
-communicate with each other and forward network packages out of or into a network]]> 2022-10-12 10:36:10 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336793984 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336802782 -installed at the entrance to a LAN when connecting networks together, particularly connecting a private to a public network
-uses rules to filter traffic into and out of the private network, to protect remote network users and data from malevolent hackers.
-either hardware or software

]]> 2022-10-12 10:43:32 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336802782 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336804465 2022-10-12 10:45:04 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336804465 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336810271 -the medium through which information usually moves from one network device to another. 
-type of cable used in a network is related to the network's topology, protocol and size. ]]> 2022-10-12 10:50:40 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336810271 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336813030 -two varieties: shielded and unshielded ]]> 2022-10-12 10:53:27 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336813030 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336823514 Category  Speed      Use
1                 1 Mbps     Voice Only (telephone)
2                 4 Mbps     Local Talk & Phone
3                16 Mbps     10 Base T Ethernet
4                 20Mbps    Token Ring
5                 100Mbp    100Base T Ethernet
                  1000Mbp  Gigabit Ethernet
5e               1000Mbps  Gigabit Ethernet
6                 10,000Mbps  Gigabit Ethernet]]> 2022-10-12 11:03:38 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2336823514 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2337002660 RJ-45 connector (looks like a large telephone-style connector)]]> 2022-10-12 13:18:30 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2337002660 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2337011040 good for environments with lots of potential interference
Three different configurations:
      -each pair of wires is individually      shielded in foil
      -there is a foil or braid shield inside the jacket covering all wires (as a group)
-There is a shield around each individual pair, as well as around the entire group of wires (referred to as double shield twisted pair)


]]> 2022-10-12 13:23:26 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2337011040 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2337019367 -has a single copper conductor at its center
-a plastic layer provides insulation between the center conductor and the braided metal shield
-highly resistant to signal interference
-two types: thick coaxial and thin coaxial ]]> 2022-10-12 13:28:01 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2337019367 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2337026874 -also referred to as thinnet
-10Base2 refers to specifications for carrying Ethernet signals
-maximum segment length is 485 meters]]> 2022-10-12 13:32:07 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2337026874 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2337033061 -also referred to as thicknet
- 10Base5 refers to specifications for carrying Ethernet signals
-maximum segment length is 500 meters]]> 2022-10-12 13:35:33 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2337033061 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2337037525 -most common is Bayone-Neill-Concelman (BNC) connector
-different types of adaptors available such as T-connector, barrel connector and terminator
-weakest point in any network]]> 2022-10-12 13:38:06 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2337037525 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2337613270 -consists of a center glass core surrounded by several layers of protective materials
-transfers light instead of electronic signals
-has the ability to transmit signals over much longer distances 
-carries information much faster
-two types: single mode (more distance, more expensive); multimode (larger diameter)]]> 2022-10-12 19:47:47 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2337613270 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2337629172 -operates without cables (wireless mode)
-wireless LANs use high frequency radio signals, infrared light beams, or lasers to communicate between the workstations, servers, or hubs
-information is relayed between transceivers for close distance
-for longer distances, wireless communications can take place through cellular telephone technology, microwave transmission, or by satellite.]]> 2022-10-12 20:03:12 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2337629172 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2337667123 -Wi-Fi Alliance is a global, non-profit that helps insure standards and interoperability for wireless networks
-Wi-Fi networks use Ethernet protocol]]> 2022-10-12 20:43:15 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2337667123 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2337671940 -wireless much more susceptible to unauthorized use because devices use radio waves to communicate
Three techniques used to protect networks:
encryption, isolation and hidden SSID]]> 2022-10-12 20:48:36 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2337671940 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338478608 2022-10-13 09:53:55 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338478608 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338480585 The physical topology of a network refers to the configuration of cables, computers, and other peripherals. Types of topology: linear bus, star, tree (expanded star)]]> 2022-10-13 09:55:39 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338480585 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338494555 consists of a main run of cable with a terminator at each end
file server, workstations, and peripherals are all connected to the linear cable.
Advantages: easy to connect a computer or peripheral; requires less cable
Disadvantages: entire network shuts down if break in main cable, terminators are required at both ends of backbone cable, difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down, not meant to be used as a stand-alone solution in a large building]]> 2022-10-13 10:07:33 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338494555 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338499765 designed with each node (file server, workstations and peripherals) connected directly to a central network hub, switch or concentrator.
Advantages: easy to install and wire, no disruptions to the network when connecting or removing devices, easy to detect faults and to remove parts
Disadvantages: requires more cable length than a linear topology, if the hub, switch, or concentrator fails, nodes attached are disabled, more expensive than linear bus topologies because of the cost of the bubs, etc. ]]> 2022-10-13 10:12:01 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338499765 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338505767 Combines characteristics of linear bus and star topologies.
It consists of groups of star-configured workstations connected to a linear bus backbone cable.
Advantages: point-to-point wiring for individual segments, supported by several hardwired and software vendors.
Disadvantages: overall length of each segment is limited by the type of cabling used, if the backbone line breaks, the entire segment goes down, more difficult to configure and wire.]]> 2022-10-13 10:17:29 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338505767 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338513101 Between any two nodes on the network, there can only be a maximum of 5 segments, connected through 4 repeaters/concentrators, and only 3 segments may be populated (trunk) segments if they are made of coaxial cable.
This rule DOES NOT apply to other network protocols or Ethernet networks where all fiber optic cabling or a combination of a fiber backbone with UTP cabling is used. In this instance, the rule would translate to a 7-6-5 rule. ]]> 2022-10-13 10:23:29 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338513101 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338518841 -money: A linear bus network may be the least expensive way to install a network ( no need to purchase concentrators)
-length of cable needed: The linear bus network uses shorter lengths of cable.
-future growth: With a star topology, expanding a network is easily done by adding another concentrator.
-cable type: The most common cable in schools is unshielded twisted pair, which is most often used with star topologies. ]]> 2022-10-13 10:28:13 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338518841 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338519967 2022-10-13 10:29:21 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338519967 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338522798 NOS coordinate the activities of multiple computers across a network.  It acts as a director to keep the network running smoothly. 
Two major types: Peer-to-peer and client/server]]> 2022-10-13 10:31:58 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338522798 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338529379 It allows users to share resources and files located on their computers and to access shared resources found on other computers. In this kink of network, all computers are considered equal; they all have the same abilities to use the resources available on the network.
Advantages: less initial expense (no need for a dedicated server), set up-an operating system like Windows XP already is in place and may only need to be reconfigured.
Disadvantages: decentralized-no central repository for files and applications, security-does not provide the security available on a client/server network.]]> 2022-10-13 10:37:40 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338529379 gibbsgal61116 https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338538630 Allows the network to centralize functions and applications in one or more dedicated file servers.  The file servers become the heart of the system, providing access to resources and providing security. UNIX/Linux and Microsoft family of Windows Servers are examples.
Advantages: centralized-resources and data security are controlled through the server, scalability- any or all elements can be replaced individually as needs increase, flexibility- new technology can be easily integrated into system, interoperability-all components work together, accessibility- server can be accessed remotely and across multiple platforms.
Disadvantages: Expense- investment in dedicated server; maintenance- large networks will require a staff to ensure efficient operation, dependence- when servers go down operations will cease across the network.]]> 2022-10-13 10:46:11 UTC https://padlet.com/gibbsgal61116/fprygra62n95mszj/wish/2338538630