Interest

in order to remember something thoroughly, we must be interested in it. We must have a reason to learn it.

Intent to remember

we must be positive and proactive about wanting to remember what we are learning and have a positive outlook that we will remember it well. We must engage in the strategies that will help us succeed.

Basic to Background

Our understanding of new materials depends to a great degree on how much we already know about the subject.

The more we increase our basic knowledge the easier it is to build new knowledge on this background.

Selectivity

We must determine what is more important and select those parts to study and learn.

Breaking down large amounts of information into smaller manageable chunks makes it easier to process and remember. This is particularly useful for memorizing lists, numbers or complex concepts.

Meaningful Organization

We can learn and remember better if we can group ideas into meaningful categories or groups.

We can create cognitive mapping and various schemas to remember.

Recitation

Mental Visualization

Another powerful memory principle is creating a mental picture of what needs to be remembered. By visualizing you see an entirely different part of the brain than you do by reading or listening. Most of us remember what we see better than what we read or hear.

Association

Memory is increased when what needs to be learned is associated with something familiar to us

By recalling something we already know and by linking to the "brain file" that contains that information we should be able to remember new info. more efficiently

Elaborative encoding :- Connecting new info. with existing knowledge in a meaningful way helps encode it more deeply. Explaining concepts in your own words or teaching others reinforces understanding and memory.

Consolidation

When we make a list or review our notes right after class, we are using the principle of consolidation

New information takes time to soak in

Most people agree that short memory will only hold seven plus or minus two chunks of information. We are usually bombarded with much more info that we can remember. Therefore we must allow time for consolidation to take place. In fact, we must cause consolidation to take place

Learning is Active

Learning is Reflective ( ask the students to keep a journal and fill it every night)

Learning is Collaborative

The Constructivist classroom relies heavily on collaboration contributes to learning. The main reason is that the students learn about learning not only from themselves but also from their peers. ( think pair share , Debates, Team work grouping)

Learning is Inquiry-Based

As students explore the topic, they draw conclusions, and as exploration continues, they revisit those conclusions. Exploration of questions lead to more questions.

Behaviorism is a worldview that assumes a learner is essentially passive in responding to environmental stimuli

The learner starts off as a clean slate (tabula rasa)

Behavior is shaped through either positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement

Both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement increase the probability that the behaviour will happen again.

Conversely, punishment decreases the likelihood that the antecedent behavior will happen again.

Engage - Establish Relevancy

Explore - Present the content

Explain - Improves Understanding

Elaborate - Construct new learning

Evaluate - Assess Learning