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      <title>The effects of Air Pollution on Human health  by Tu Nguyen Thi Cam</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5</link>
      <description>Group 4</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2021-07-19 08:13:47 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2026-01-31 21:01:51 UTC</lastBuildDate>
      <webMaster>hello@padlet.com</webMaster>
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         <title>(1) Human health effects of air pollution</title>
         <author>annatran1589</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654632426</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>- Hazardous chemicals escape to the environment cause adverse effects on human health and the environment.<br>- Increased combustion of fossil fuels changes the atmospheric composition.<br>- Air pollution has both acute and chronic effects on human health<br>- Range from minor upper respiratory irritation to chronic respiratory.<br>- Heart disease, lung cancer<br>- Acute respiratory infections in children and chronic bronchitis in adults</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0269749107002849" />
         <pubDate>2021-07-19 10:49:18 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654632426</guid>
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         <title>(2) Air Pollution Research Problems</title>
         <author>annatran1589</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654632709</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li><strong>Source of Air Pollution:</strong></li></ul><div>- Fuel burning power plant.<br>- Metallurgical processes.<br>- Automobiles and transportation.<br>- Rock processing.<br>- Incineration.<br>- Pulp and paper.<br>- Miscellaneous: mills and pulverizing plants.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00022470.1971.10469585" />
         <pubDate>2021-07-19 10:49:45 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654632709</guid>
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         <title>(3) Research on Health Effects from Air Pollution</title>
         <author>1957012012anh</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654722979</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li><strong>Background Information</strong>:</li></ul><div>- Lung and heart disease, as well as other health concerns, are made worse by air pollution.</div><ul><li><strong>Health Effects of Air Pollutants on Vulnerable Populations:</strong></li></ul><div>- Who are the vulnerable populations?&nbsp;</div><div>&nbsp;Some people are more sensitive to contaminants in the air than others. Children, pregnant women, elderly persons, people with pre-existing heart and lung disease, and residents of low-income neighborhoods and communities are among these categories.</div><div>- The reasons for air pollution ?</div><div>Air pollution from industrial sources, underlying health issues, poor diet, stress, and other factors...</div><ul><li><strong>Long-Term and Short-Term Effects from Exposure to Air Pollutants:</strong></li></ul><div>The health effects of air pollution exposure are determined by the duration and concentrations of pollution, as well as the health state of the people impacted.</div><ul><li><strong>Health Effects of Wildfire Smoke:</strong></li></ul><div>"The health effects of wildfire smoke can range from eye and respiratory tract irritation to more serious disorders, including reduced lung function, exacerbation of asthma and heart failure, and premature death. Children, pregnant women, and the elderly are especially vulnerable to smoke exposure."</div><div><br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.epa.gov/air-research/research-health-effects-air-pollution?fbclid=IwAR1TASwUObXpZRL5szaNScYQ-m2DwXk-VhdEsnje1fKqK-dvVAe7EKIXmPs" />
         <pubDate>2021-07-19 13:12:04 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654722979</guid>
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         <title>(4) Health Effects of Air Pollution</title>
         <author>1957012012anh</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654724774</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ul><li><strong>Classification of air pollutants:</strong><br>Air pollution is caused by a number of factors, the most significant of which being the burning of fossil fuels. The source, chemical content, size, and method of release into indoor or outdoor environments may all be used to classify air pollutants.</li></ul><div>Link: <a href="https://www.jacionline.org/action/showFullTableHTML?isHtml=true&amp;tableId=tbl1&amp;pii=S0091-6749%2804%2902266-3">https://www.jacionline.org/action/showFullTableHTML?isHtml=true&amp;tableId=tbl1&amp;pii=S0091-6749%2804%2902266-3</a></div><ul><li><strong>Specific pollutants</strong></li></ul><div>- Diesel exhaust particulate matter:</div><div>DEPs (diesel exhaust particles) cause airway irritation and can aggravate or trigger asthma and allergies. DEPs, nitrogen oxides, and ozone precursors are all produced during diesel combustion, all of which are hazardous to the lungs.<br>As a result of the increased inflammation caused by diesel exposure, one's susceptibility to respiratory virus infections may be altered.</div><div>- Ozon:</div><div>The inflammatory effects of ozone on the respiratory system have been studied in several in vitro and animal investigations. However, the vast majority of ozone-exposure studies conducted in healthy and asthmatic people have contributed to our current understanding of how ozone causes adverse health effects.<br>The fact that ozone has a more dramatic effect on asthmatic patients is most likely due to persistent inflammation in the lower airways. According to most research, ozone impairs airflow in asthmatic patients more than in healthy volunteers.</div><div>&nbsp;- Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide:</div><div>" Adverse health effects from other gaseous pollutants, such as SO2, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO), should not be underappreciated. Recent epidemiologic studies conducted throughout the world have provided valuable insight into the associations between SO2, NO2, and CO exposure and increases in cardiopulmonary mortality, respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions, emergency admissions caused by stroke (NO2), and myocardial infarction (NO2 and CO)."</div><div><br><br><br></div><div><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(04)02266-3/fulltext?fbclid=IwAR20UCS5u9WE_O8Z7nSXBng_NPpFx0fIEdJRr_zG7XhpwV7_ERTD4Pp-sNs" />
         <pubDate>2021-07-19 13:13:59 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654724774</guid>
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         <title>(5) How air pollution is destroying our health?</title>
         <author>1957012307vy</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654758665</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>-As the world gets hotter and more crowded, our engines continue to pump out dirty emissions, and half the world has no access to clean fuels or technologies,<br><br></div><div>&nbsp;-The very air we breathe is growing dangerously polluted<br><br></div><div>-The health effects of air pollution are serious – one third of deaths from stroke, lung cancer and heart disease are due to air pollution<br><br></div><div>-Air pollution is hard to escape, no matter how rich an area you live in<br><br></div><div>-Air pollution is closely linked to climate change&nbsp;<br><br></div><div>-Across the world, both cities and villages are seeing toxic pollutants in the air&nbsp;<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.who.int/news-room/spotlight/how-air-pollution-is-destroying-our-health?fbclid=IwAR3OIzUPqMWeCvGTghqzgAIxLlKJz56EGpBJeCFZg8swcF05eOrcdx0A-DM" />
         <pubDate>2021-07-19 13:46:48 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654758665</guid>
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         <title>(6) Health consequences of air pollution on populations.</title>
         <author>1957012307vy</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654759482</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>-Exposure to high levels of air pollution can cause a variety of adverse health outcomes<br><br></div><div>&nbsp;-It increases the risk of respiratory infections, heart disease and lung cancer.<br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.who.int/news/item/15-11-2019-what-are-health-consequences-of-air-pollution-on-populations?fbclid=IwAR3Tr2xR4DaNMZ98GV-fPiyM7MtUY3SDJb4vYvE0IjBgT5t3smWcIBow5A4" />
         <pubDate>2021-07-19 13:47:37 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654759482</guid>
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         <title>(7) Harmful Effects of Air Pollution on Human Body.</title>
         <author>1957012282tu</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654772552</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<ol><li>Women are at a higher risk of hypertension "Cardiovascular and Heart Problems"</li><li>Obstacles to Childbirth and Neurological Issues</li><li>Problems with the Skin</li><li>Asthma with COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)</li></ol><div><strong><br></strong><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.carehospitals.com/harmful-effects-of-air-pollution-on-human-body/?fbclid=IwAR154fJw1Ic08rLqjDcCJ-nHAEU6xfBTH4ARaAK5AEjC_vwmx8jL-kdJdgI" />
         <pubDate>2021-07-19 13:58:40 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654772552</guid>
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         <title>(8) How does air pollution affect our health?</title>
         <author>1957012282tu</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654772836</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br></div><div><strong>What is the definition of air pollution?</strong><br><em>Particles from coal and gas combustion pollute the air outside.</em></div><ul><li>nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide are examples of hazardous gases.</li><li>cigarette smoke</li><li>ozone at ground level</li></ul><div><em>Pollution of indoor air:</em></div><ul><li>chemicals found in the home</li><li>noxious gases like carbon monoxide and radon</li><li>materials used in construction, such as lead or asbestos</li><li>pollen</li><li>mold</li><li>cigarette smoke</li></ul><div>Particulate matter (particle pollutants), which includes suspended solids and liquid droplets, nitrogen dioxide sulfur dioxide ozone" are the pollutants that pose the greatest harm to a person's health, according to WHO.</div><div><em>Exposure for a limited time</em></div><ul><li>Ground-level ozone can harm the respiratory system, causing infections and a reduction in lung function.</li></ul><div><em>Exposure for a long time</em></div><ul><li>COPD stands for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.</li><li>Lung cancer is a type of cancer that affects the</li><li>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a condition that affect</li><li>"Premature birth"</li></ul><div><em>Effects of specific contaminants on human health</em></div><ul><li>Pollutant particles</li><li>Ozone at ground level</li><li>Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas.</li><li>sulfate of sulfur</li><li>Nitrogen dioxide is a gas.</li></ul><div><em>What can we do to lessen our exposure?</em></div><div><em>Air pollution in the open</em></div><ul><li>avoiding strolling beside busy highways, exercising for shorter periods of time outside, or using an indoor facility instead</li></ul><div><br><em>indoors until the air quality improves</em><br><br></div><ul><li>Pollution in the home</li><li><br></li><li>maintaining clean and well-ventilated structures</li><li><br></li><li>Using a radon test kit, a person may check for radon in their house.</li><li><br></li><li>A carbon monoxide detector may be used to check the levels of carbon monoxide in a home.</li></ul><div><br><br></div><div><strong><br><br><br><br></strong><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/327447?fbclid=IwAR0LW-Y5GB7EG--FtNBzupUi2Mg37Um8hqEXFYFZY9T-SIED00eKFpNPQxY" />
         <pubDate>2021-07-19 13:58:57 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654772836</guid>
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         <title>(9) Pulmonary Health Effects of Air Pollution</title>
         <author>dodangsongminh</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654848530</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4776742/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4776742/<br></a>Summary<br>"Continued vigilence will be essential to lessen the effects of air pollution on human health and pulmonary disease. Cooperation at a multi-national level will be required on the part of governments, industry, energy-based enterprises and the public working together to solve our air quality issues at the local, national and global level.<br><br>Key points<br>- Almost nine of ten individuals living in urban areas worldwide are affected by air pollution.<br>- The lack of a fully developed pulmonary metabolic capacity in children make them more susceptible to air pollutants compared to adults.<br>- Air pollution continues to be associated with reduced lung function and enhanced airway reactivity in children suffering from asthma.<br>- Prolonged exposure to air pollution exposes children to an increased risk of developing asthma.<br>- Air pollution and ambient exposure to nitrogen oxides, SO<sub>2</sub>, and PM<sub>2.5</sub> from vehicle emissions significantly increase the risk of lung cancer.<br>- Short-term episodes of air pollution in children can heighten respiratory infection symptoms and the frequency of emergency room visits."<br><br></div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-07-19 15:12:35 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654848530</guid>
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         <title>(10) Human health effects of air pollution</title>
         <author>dodangsongminh</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654856975</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><a href="https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/pdf/10.1289/ehp.9310045">https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/pdf/10.1289/ehp.9310045<br></a>- <strong>Ozone</strong>: "Ozone has received a great deal of scientific attention over the past 25 years, and much is now known about how this compound affects lung function and lung morphology. <br> - <strong>Sensitive Subjects</strong>: In the context of setting air quality standards, a key issue in the evaluation ofthe health effects of air pollutants is to determine the individuals who are at greatest risk from exposure to air pollutants. The most likely candidates for this distinction often include children, the elderly, patients with lung disease such as asthma <br>-&nbsp; <strong>Inflammation and Airway </strong>Hyperresponsiveness Damage to airway epithelial cells leads to a cascade of events that results in airway hyperresponsiveness (AH) and airway inflammation. <br>&nbsp;- <strong>Sensitive Subjects:</strong><br>The observation that asthmatics weremore sensitive to SO2 than healthy subjects was an important advance in the understanding of human SO2 responses, although it is somewhat surprising that it was almost 30 years after the London fog episodes that these responses were finally studied."</div>]]></description>
         <pubDate>2021-07-19 15:21:22 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654856975</guid>
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         <title>(11) Human Health and Wellbeing: Human Health Effect of Air Pollution</title>
         <author>annatran1589</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654900466</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>- Heart attacks, respiratory diseases, and lung cancer are all significantly higher in people who breathe dirty air compared to matching groups in cleaner environments&nbsp;<br>-&nbsp; Study published in the Lancet Respiratory Medicine shows that air pollution during pregnancy may increase the risk of lower birth weight babies.<br>-&nbsp; Carbon monoxide produced in heavy traffic can cause headaches, drowsiness and blurred vision.&nbsp;<br>- Asbestos fibers and cigarette smoke can cause cancer.&nbsp;<br>-&nbsp; Study also shows that air pollution can cause stress to a human being.&nbsp;<br>-&nbsp; Not just ozone will lead to the development of asthma in children but it will also makes existing asthma worse.&nbsp;<br>-&nbsp; Fine particle pollution can causes early death (both short-term and long-term exposure), causes cardiovascular harm such as heart attack, strokes, heart disease, congestive heart failure.&nbsp;</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042814054986" />
         <pubDate>2021-07-19 16:08:19 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1654900466</guid>
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         <title>OUTLINE7</title>
         <author>1957012282tu</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1666798380</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>I.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <strong>Introduction:</strong></div><ul><li><mark>Thesis statement</mark>: Air pollution has serious effects on human health, which is connected to millions of deaths worldwide each year; hence, people have to understand the dangers of air pollution on human health, how to avoid it and protect ourself.</li></ul><div><br><strong>II. Body</strong><br>1.&nbsp; <strong>What is air pollution?</strong><br>“Air pollution is the presence of substances in the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere">atmosphere</a> that are harmful to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health">health</a> of <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human">humans</a> and other <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_life_forms">living beings</a>, or cause damage to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate">climate</a> or to materials. There are many different types of air pollutants, such as gases , <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particulates">particulates</a>&nbsp; and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecule">biological molecules</a>.”</div><div>(Air pollution,From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)</div><div><strong>2. What causes air pollution?</strong><br><em><mark>a. Natural processes:</mark></em></div><ul><li>abrupt temperature fluctuations</li><li>seasonal variations</li><li>or recurring cycles</li></ul><div><em><mark>b. Human activities:&nbsp;</mark></em></div><ul><li>Burning of fossil fuels</li><li>Agricultural activities</li><li>Exhaust from activities</li><li>Mining operations</li><li>Metallurgical processes：<br>-&nbsp; Automobiles and transportation.<br>-&nbsp; Rock processing.<br>-&nbsp; Incineration.<br>-&nbsp; Pulp and paper.<br>-&nbsp; Miscellaneous: mills and pulverizing plants.</li></ul><div><strong>3. What are the effects of Air pollution? </strong><br><em><mark>a. Environment:</mark></em></div><ul><li>Climate change</li><li>Depleting the ozone layer</li><li>Global warming&nbsp;</li></ul><div><em><mark>b. Human health:</mark></em></div><ul><li>Headaches, drowsiness and blurred vision.</li><li>Increase the risk of lower birth weight babies in pregnancy.</li><li>Causes lung cancer.</li><li>Leads to asthma and worsen it.</li><li>Causes cardiovascular harm such as heart attack, strokes, heart disease, congestive heart failure.</li><li>Causes stress.</li><li>Has both acute and chronic effects on human health.</li><li>Slowed lung function growth in children and teenagers</li></ul><div><strong>4. Solutions</strong></div><div><em><mark>a. How to reduce pollution?</mark></em></div><ul><li>Minimize the use of fossil fuels&nbsp;</li><li>Use clean energy sources</li><li>Recycle&nbsp;</li></ul><div><em><mark>b. How to protect yourselves？</mark></em></div><ul><li>Keep the car, boat, and other engines properly tuned.</li><li>Be sure your tires are properly inflated.</li><li>Use environmentally safe paints and cleaning products whenever possible.</li><li>Mulch or compost leaves and yard waste.</li><li>Consider using gas logs instead of wood.</li></ul><div><br></div><div><strong>III. Conclusion:<br></strong>Concern for air pollution and its health implications continue to be a world-wide problem today.<strong><br></strong>Exposure to high levels of air pollution can cause a variety of adverse health outcomes. <br><br><br><br><br></div><div><br><br></div><div><br><br></div>]]></description>
         <pubDate>2021-08-02 14:31:31 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1666798380</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author>dodangsongminh</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1666851173</link>
         <description><![CDATA[]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecule" />
         <pubDate>2021-08-02 15:23:08 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1666851173</guid>
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         <title></title>
         <author>dodangsongminh</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1666905828</link>
         <description><![CDATA[esis statement: Long-term consequences of air pollution on human health, including respiratory infections and inflammations, cardiovascular dysfunctions, and cancer…, which is connected to millions of deaths worldwide each year; hence, people have to understand the dangers of air pollution on human health, how to avoid it and protect ourself.

II. Body
1.  What is air pollution?
“Air pollution is the presence o]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2021-08-02 16:27:02 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author>dodangsongminh</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1666906040</link>
         <description><![CDATA[Thesis statement: Long-term consequences of air pollution on human health, including respiratory infections and inflammations, ]]></description>
         <enclosure url="" />
         <pubDate>2021-08-02 16:27:16 UTC</pubDate>
         <guid>https://padlet.com/1957012282tu/foktgh1k900tx8u5/wish/1666906040</guid>
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