Unit 7 Review by Laura Harris https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16 en-us 2016-04-21 11:57:34 UTC 2023-02-26 19:00:24 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.storage.googleapis.com/portrait/smiley.jpg Reason for Republican Party’s defeat in 1964 presidential election jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005041 -President Lyndon Johnson ran for a full term with Senator Hubert Humphrey of Minnesota for vice-president
-Republicans chose conservative Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona
-Goldwater portrayed as an extremist who would get the U.S. into a nuclear war
-Johnson won in a landslide, but there was evidence Democrats were losing support in the South]]> 2016-04-21 13:56:45 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005041 LBJ:   jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005161 political background, enate majority leader and candidate for the Democratic nomination in 1960. A master politician

refusal to sign Southern Manifesto,opposition to racial integration of public places. 

political style

]]> 2016-04-21 13:57:06 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005161 Reasons for American involvement in Vietnam  jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005410 Domino Theory/ Containment: ]]> 2016-04-21 13:57:56 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005410 Gulf of Tonkin Resolution:  jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005444 incident,
LBJ Sends troops without congressional approval.
importance of legislation to conduct of war
War Powers Act]]> 2016-04-21 13:58:03 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005444 Air war:   jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005501 Operation Rolling Thunder
Launched by President Johnson, a massive air bombarbment of North Vietnam, in April of 1965. The targets were directly chosen by the president. These were regular full scale bombing attacks against Vietnam
Napalm & Agent Orange. Napalm was first used in flamethrowers for U.S. ground troops; they burned down sections of forest and bushes in hopes of eliminating any enemy guerrilla fighters. Later on in the war B-52 Bombers began dropping napalm bombs and other incendiary explosives.


]]> 2016-04-21 13:58:14 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005501 Ground war:   jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005562 General Westmoreland, American General who commanded American military operations in the Vietnam War at its peak from 1964 to 1968

“war of attrition,” wear down the enemy by killing small groups of people, until they finally decide they are sick of it and give up

search and destroy missions,   against communist forces 50,000 military personnel, basically went to enemy places and destroyed everything and everyone     

“fragging,” Incidents where servicemen rolled fragmentation bombs under the tents of officers who were ordering them to combat. A practice, which erupted sporadically late in the Vietnam War, in which demoralized U.S. servicemen killed their own superior officers in order to avoid being sent on dangerous missions.

South Vietnamese refugees,  

loss of support from the South Vietnamese people]]> 2016-04-21 13:58:28 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005562 Ho Chi Minh Trail:   jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005598 importance, 

failure to close it

]]> 2016-04-21 13:58:34 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005598 Public opinion/media & the war:   jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005630 credibility gap,
Credibility gap is a term that came into wide use with journalism, political and public discourse in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s. At the time, it was most frequently used to describe public skepticism about the Lyndon B. Johnson administration's statements and policies on the Vietnam War.
impact of television (“living room war”),     

critics of war, hawks vs. doves:
Refers to the polarization of American society in the 1960's, when one side called for intensification of the Vietnam conflict, and another side wanted de-escalation or withdrawal
Walter Cronkite:
A newscaster who was known for his objectivity and trustworthiness, who said that the war in Vietnam would end in stalemate. Johnson knew that if even Cronkite didn't support him, nobody in Middle America supported him.,

media bias against the war from 1968 & on,      Media supported CounterCulture   

media & antiwar protestors blamed partially for the loss of the war]]> 2016-04-21 13:58:42 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005630 Student protests:  jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005665 New Left


Students for a Democratic Society (SDS):
advocated a more democratic and participatory society
Port Huron Statement,
funding document of SDS calling for a less materialistic society and encourage d"participatory democracy"          

Free Speech Movement, 

counterculture

Kent State

burning draft cards

]]> 2016-04-21 13:58:49 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005665 Soldiers:   jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005699 the draft and its implementation,

race and class

]]> 2016-04-21 13:58:54 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005699 Division in Johnson’s administration:  jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005732 Fulbright hearings,


resignation of Defense Sec. Robert McNamara


Both caused people to question the war after seeing govt. leaders' opposition to the war. ]]> 2016-04-21 13:59:00 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005732 Tet Offensive:  jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005764
goal and results,

Paris Peace talks

]]> 2016-04-21 13:59:07 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005764 Nixon:   jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005802 Vietnamization/Nixon Doctrine:

Cambodian bombing and the Ho Chi Minh Trail,       

My Lai Massacre and trial,

end of war/peace treaty terms,

1973 War Powers Act

]]> 2016-04-21 13:59:13 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005802 Fall of Saigon (1975):   jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005829 President Ford’s refusal to help South Vietnam

]]> 2016-04-21 13:59:19 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005829 Great Society:  jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005859  liberal reforms,

War on Poverty (one of the components of the Great Society),         

Economic Opportunity Act, Authorizes 1 billion for a war on poverty and establishes the office of economic opportunity to coordinate head start, upward bound, VISTA, the job corps and similar programs.

programs of the Great Society & their goals, 
  • Office of Economic Opportunity: 
  • War on Poverty: 
  • Elementary and Secondary Act: Provides more than 1 billion to public and parochial schools for textbooks, library materials and special-education programs. 
  • Medicare: Creates a federally funded program of hospital and medical insurance for the elderly
  • Abolition of immigration quotas: 
  • Department of Housing and Urban Development: Appropriates nearly 8 billion for low and middle income housing and for rent supplements for low income families and creates the cabinet-level Department of Housing and Urban Development.
  • Medicaid: authorizes federal funds to the states to provide free health care for welfare recipients 

urban issues
War On Poverty Programs:

]]> 2016-04-21 13:59:25 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005859 Warren Court:   jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005902 Earl Warren
supreme court when Ed Warren was the chief justice. was super liberal probably the most liberal ever. between 1953 and 1969. Chosen bcus thought was conservative.
[not in text]  liberal reforms,

decisions extended the rights of those accused of crimes,         

Mapp v. Ohio:
Importance of the case: Before Mapp v. Ohio, the 4th amendment applied to just the federal government, not state and local police forces. In their decision, the Justices applied the 14th amendment to the 4th amendment, essentially extending the limitations of the 4th amendment to state and local governments.

In a practical level, this made it so that illegally obtained evidence wasn't allowed in court, regardless of the jurisdiction that the case was being held in.


Gideon v. Wainwright,
People can now have a lawyer appointed to them
Miranda v. Arizona
 Miranda rights are now readed to person during arrest and interogation
]]> 2016-04-21 13:59:31 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005902 1968, a tumultuous year:   jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005944 Tet Offensive, 

Johnson declines to run for re-election, 

MLK assassinated,          

Robert Kennedy assassinated, 

violence at Democratic National Convention]]> 2016-04-21 13:59:38 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107005944 Election of 1968:   jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006015 Election of 1968:  2 Democratic antiwar candidates (R. Kennedy, E. McCarthy)

assassination of Robert Kennedy

Democratic National Convention in Chicago and violence, Democrats were divided and lost the 1968 election, Democratic delegates gathered to nominate Vice-president Hubert Humphrey while anti-war protestor gathered outside to take advantage of television coverage to get their message across

candidates in general election  (Humphrey, Nixon, Wallace), Republican candidate Richard Nixon appealed to a nation tired of violence and unrest. Nixon vowed he would end the Vietnam War and win peace. Democratic nominee, Hubert Humphrey, Johnson's vice president, seemed a continuation of the old politics. In the end, Richard Nixon won

effects of Vietnam War on it, By 1968, Johnson could no longer avoid the fact that the U.S. could not win the Vietnam War. Later that year, he agreed to stop the bombing, began withdrawing American forces, and agreed to peace talks in Paris.
 
issues

 results (reasons Nixon won), vowed he would end the Vietnam War and win peace
 ]]> 2016-04-21 13:59:55 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006015 Women’s Liberation Movement:    jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006250 Betty Friedan and The Feminine Mystique,

National Organization for Women (NOW),

issues,

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964,

Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972,       

Equal Rights Amendment (ERA),

Stop-ERA and Phyllis Schlafly,

defeat of ERA, 

1973 Roe v. Wade

]]> 2016-04-21 14:00:41 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006250 Gay Liberation Movement:  jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006309 Stonewall Riot, New York city @ a bar called Stonewall Inn - Triggered activist protests among gays and lesbians - police raided gay bar

Gay Liberation Front, Group of gay activists trying to challenge traditional values and assumptions of the time

]]> 2016-04-21 14:00:52 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006309 Chicano Movement:   jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006359 The Chicano Movement was a Mexican American empowerment movement. Younger Mexican Americans were impatient with the MAPA, or Mexican American Political Association, so about 1,500 proclaimed a new term, Chicano, to replace Mexican American, after meeting in Denver. They pressed for bilingual education, among other things.
issues,

La Raza Unida Party, United States third political party. Its official name is Partido Nacional de La Raza Unida. It was the first third party to be formed around ethnic lines. The party was termed La Raza in reference to the Mestizo people, United Farm Workers, his union changed from a workers' rights organization that helped workers get unemployment insurance to that of a union of farmworkers almost overnight and César Chávez, (1) Mexican-American migrant farm worker & founder of the United Farm Workers Organizing Committee in 1963; (2) helped exploited Chicano workers with his successful "boycott grapes" movement that led to better pay, limits on the use of toxic fertilizers, and recognition of farm workers' collective bargaining right

]]> 2016-04-21 14:01:01 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006359 Native Americans:  jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006394 American Indian Movement,

Wounded Knee,

Alcatraz Island

]]> 2016-04-21 14:01:08 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006394 Asian Americans:  jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006442 groups, 

issues


]]> 2016-04-21 14:01:15 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006442 Nixon and domestic issues:  jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006466 Southern Strategy, 

EPA, 

New Federalism, 

Pentagon Papers, 

Watergate (origins,        development, 

outcome, effects), 

“I am not a crook” speech,  

impeachment hearings, 

pardon by Ford

]]> 2016-04-21 14:01:21 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006466 Nixon and foreign policy:   jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006498 détente,

visit to China (1972),

USSR (1972),

expanded trade with the Soviet Union,         

grain sales,

SALT I

]]> 2016-04-21 14:01:27 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006498 Carter (1977-81) Changing Economy: jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006528 reason for oil embargo (OPEC), 

stagflation (raised the most serious doubts about the         effectiveness of Keynesian economics), 

reasons for high inflation rates of late 60s/1970s, 

unionized labor decline, 

sunbelt v. snowbelt, 

deregulation of airlines & banks, 

rising unemployment, 

increased government spending

Carter was unable to fix inflation, rising interest rates, or bank failures. ]]> 2016-04-21 14:01:34 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006528 President Gerald Ford:   jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006562 never elected by Electoral College,

pardoned Nixon,

mediocre (joked he was “a Ford, not a Lincoln”)

WIN Campaign, 1974 Ford replaces Nixon as president; Whip Inflation Now was a campaign slogan promoting Ford's ideas to help the recession and inflation problems

]]> 2016-04-21 14:01:41 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006562 Election of 1976:   jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006577 candidates,
Carter v Ford
issues, 
  • stagflation 
  • Vietnam 
Carter’s campaign as a Washington outsider, 
  • peanut farmer 
  • because from South gained support of Southerners who had left Democratic Party 
effect of Ford’s pardon of Nixon,
lessened popular support
results
Carter victory 
]]> 2016-04-21 14:01:46 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006577 American cities:  jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006634 rise of minority populations and politicians

]]> 2016-04-21 14:01:53 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006634 Affirmative Action:   jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006678 Bakke v. Regents of the University of California, 
  • A white guy and a black guy had the same qualification and wanted to go to a university 
  • the college let the black guy in because of affirmitive action and the white guy sued that is was unfair 
  • Court ruled that at the universities decision can not be solely based on race 
  • support for quota system established 

reverse discrimination

]]> 2016-04-21 14:02:01 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006678 Environment:   jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006707 Rachel Carson and Silent Spring,
book exposing the poisonous effects of pesticides on our water and air launching the modern environmental movement
Three Mile Island,
Near nuclear meltdown in Pennsylvania caused by mechanical failure and human error

environmentalism and protection,       

EPA—Environmental Protection Agency (creation & function),

Earth Day (significance)


Important Legislations:
Water Quality Act (1965)

Air Quality Act (1965)

]]> 2016-04-21 14:02:07 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006707 Conservatism:  jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006741 “New Right”, 

Reagan, 

Moral Majority and Jerry Falwell, 

groups and ideas, 

opposition to Equal Rights Amendment and abortion]]> 2016-04-21 14:02:13 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006741  “Me Decade”:  jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006780  groups,

 ideas

]]> 2016-04-21 14:02:18 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006780 Disarmament: SALT I, SALT II jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006827 SALT I:

SALT II: ]]> 2016-04-21 14:02:28 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006827 Carter Foreign Policy:   jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006879 Camp David Accords, peace accords signed by Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat to finally end the Israeli-Egyptian disputes.

Panama Canal Treaty, called for the gradual return of the Panama Canal to the people and government of Panama. They provided for the transfer of canal ownership to Panama in 1999 and guaranteed its neutrality.

Human Rights, 
  • Spoke out against oppression in Latin America and Africa
  • Reformed CIA's covert operations 

Recognition of China,   
1st to recognize People's Republic of China as official government of China which weakens Taiwan
     
Central America (El Salvador and Nicaragua),

Afghanistan,
When USSR invades Afghanistan US provided them with aid, and put an embargo on USSR
U.S. boycott of 1980 Moscow Olympics, 
After USSR invaded Afghanistan        

Iran and the Iranian Hostage Crisis (reason for, story of, results)
  • Coup in Iran that overthrew the Shah but afterwards Carter allowed the Shah to seek medical treatment in America and Iranians retaliated 
  • Attacked US embassy and took 52 hostages for 444 days 
  • Hostages released the day Reagan took office to show disdain for Carter 

]]> 2016-04-21 14:02:37 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006879 Election of 1980:  jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006911 New Right conservatism, 
  • capitalism 
  • smaller gov't 
  • family values 
  • stronger military 
  • American patriotism 

candidates,
Jimmy Carter (D), Ronald Reagan (R)
issues,

Reagan’s campaign as a Washington outsider,
"Are you better off than you were four years ago?"

results


]]> 2016-04-21 14:02:44 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006911 1970s/1980s:   jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006944 increase in importance of Christian fundamentalism,

“graying” of America (average age of  Americans increased),

support for consumer and environmental movements,

number of women and minorities holding political offices increased

]]> 2016-04-21 14:02:51 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107006944 Foreign Policy:   jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107007012 “evil empire”, ronald reagan's description of the soviet union because of his fierce anti-communist views and the USSRs history of violation of human rights and aggression

Strategic Defense Initiative, missile defense program Reagan proposed to protect the US from enemy nuclear missiles. Derided as STAR WARS by his political opponents who believed it rekindled an all out arms race

Central America (Nicaragua and the Contras (a civil war US meddled in Nicaragua; 1979 overthrew American ally Somoza; rebels named after Csar Augusto Sandino; opposed American occupation; CIA trained and armed these folks to fight the aforementioned rebels), El Salvador),US support anywhere in the world to support anticommunist activity; in Afghanistan we supplied missiles; Grenada ousted a pro-Marxist govt; gave money and military help to military govt's in El Salvador; spent over 6 billion in aid to help kill over 40,000 dissidents, American missionaries and others

Congress and funding of the Contras, Under the Boland Amendment, further funding of the Contras by the government had been prohibited byCongress.

Iran-Contra Scandal, Robert mcfarland came up with the secret plan of selling US antitank and antiaircraft missiles to Irans gov. for its help in freeing the americans held hostage by arabs. oliver north proposed using profits of arm deal with iran to fund the contra in nicaragua

Gorbachev, new soviet leader who attempted to change soviet domestic politics by introducing to major reforms glasnost & perestroika (glasnost, openness to end political repression & move toward a greater political freedom for soviet citizens perestroika,restructuring of the soviet economy by introducing free-market practices )

]]> 2016-04-21 14:03:02 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107007012 Review Quiz jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107062933 2016-04-21 16:54:56 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107062933 jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107064770 2016-04-21 17:01:55 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107064770 jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107064860 2016-04-21 17:02:19 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107064860 Study Guide jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107065582 2016-04-21 17:05:41 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107065582 Quizlet: Flashcard answers to Review Quiz jl2110 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107146138 2016-04-22 02:48:59 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/107146138 https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/250709446 2018-04-11 13:49:17 UTC https://padlet.com/jl2110/fogonuci2v16/wish/250709446