Plant Terms by

Dermal Tissue

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-15 14:06:36 UTC

Dermal tissue covers the plant in most parts, and is found on the outer layer. The epidermis and periderm are examples of dermal tissue. It often has thicker walls and is covered with a waxy cuticle. Functions include defense against diseases, animals, and water loss.

Meristem Tissue

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-15 14:37:23 UTC

Meristem tissue is an area of actively dividing undifferentiated cells, called meristematic cells. These cells are found in area of the plant where it grows. These cells mature into different specialized cells and tissues.

Vascular Tissue

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-15 14:41:46 UTC

Vascular tissue consists of the xylem and the phloem. Its main role is to transport water and other nutrients to the different part of the plant. Supporting the plant's structure is another role it takes.

Ground Tissue

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-15 14:52:37 UTC

There are three different types of ground tissues, parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. The functions of these tissues is to: perform cellular processes, store carbohydrates, and to support and protect the plant structure.

Parenchyma

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-15 15:22:03 UTC

Parenchyma is a type of ground tissue. Consisted of thin walled cells they are only functional and living at maturity.

Sclerenchyma

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-15 15:33:17 UTC

This type of ground tissues are cells with cells lignin in their cell walls. They are dead at maturity.

Collenchyma

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-15 15:37:07 UTC

The final type of ground tissue is collenchyma which are thick walled cells that are living at maturity.

Chloroplast

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-15 15:40:37 UTC

Chloroplast are plastids that contain chlorophyll so that photosynthesis can take place. Chloroplast looks green inside plants.

Blade

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-15 15:44:41 UTC

The blade is the flat part of the leaf which is attached to the stem by the petiole.

Petiole

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-15 15:49:12 UTC

The petiole is the stem/stalk like structure that connects the leaf to the rest of the plant, either a branch or stem.

Simple Leaf

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-15 15:52:48 UTC

A simple leaf is a leaf that only has one blade.

Compound Leaf

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-15 15:56:47 UTC

A compound leaf is a leaf that has multiple blades attached to the petiole.

Cuticle

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-15 17:20:13 UTC

The cuticle is the outer casing or protective layer that covers the dermal tissue.

Spongy Mesophyll

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-15 17:24:03 UTC

The spongy mesophyll is a layer of loosely packed cells with air spaces between them, it is located on the lower part of the leaf.

Herbaceous Stem

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-22 12:24:04 UTC

This type of stem is not made of wood, and is relatively pliable and flexible, containing a thin epidermis. These stems also have the ability to perform photosynthesis.

Woody Stems

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-22 12:44:19 UTC

The second type of stems, woody stems, are made of mostly bark, found on trees and branches. These stems do not usually perform photosynthesis. Palms and bamboos are also regarded as having woody stems. All gymnosperms have a woody stem.

Vascular Cambium

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-22 13:09:35 UTC

Vascular Cambium is a layer of meristematic cells located in the vascular tissue. This allows the woody stem to grow thicker and stronger over the years, because the vascular cambium produces xylem and phloem tissues.

Cork Cambium

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-22 13:46:55 UTC

Cork cambium, which produces cork, is part of the bark and is a meristematic tissue layer that prevents water loss, and helps protect the stem from insects, and other predators.

Periderm

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-22 13:52:50 UTC

The periderm is the group of tissues that protect the stem, often the outer layer. Comprised of cork, cork cambium, and phelloderm.

Monocot

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-22 14:14:39 UTC

A monocot is a plant that only has one cotyledon.

Dicot

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-22 14:15:40 UTC

A dicot means a plant with two cotyledons.

Plant Anatomy

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-22 14:21:36 UTC

Plant Transport

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-22 14:22:07 UTC

Xylem

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-22 14:26:37 UTC

The xylem is one of the two transport tissues in vascular plants. The function of the xylem is to transport nutrients and water from the roots to various parts of the plant, such as the stems and leaves.

Phloem

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-22 14:29:34 UTC

The phloem is the second transport tissue which transports soluble compounds made during photosynthesis. It especially specializes in the transport of sugars to the rest of the plant. This process is called translocation.

Transpiration

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-22 14:33:14 UTC

Transpiration is the process in which water is lost through evaporation, through the leaves of the plant. This is a passive way of moving water around in a plant, meaning it requires no energy, which is why it is used.

Translocation

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-22 14:37:05 UTC

Translocation is the process of which nutrients move throughout the plant. The phloem helps in this process by alowing the nutrients to to use its pathways.

Companion Cells

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-22 16:54:02 UTC

Companion cells are a type of parenchyma cell that support the phloem by cell metabolism and regulation.

Turgor Pressure

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-22 17:17:06 UTC

Turgor pressure is pressure buildup that occurs when the water inside the cell membrane pushes against the cell wall.

Adhesion

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-22 17:20:06 UTC

Adhesion allows a substance to stick or attach to a certain object. In the case of plants, adhesion allows the plant to cling to water.

Cohesion

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-22 17:22:16 UTC

Cohesion allows the same molecules to remain attached to each other without getting mixed with others.

Tracheids

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-22 17:26:09 UTC

Tracheids are specialized cells in the gymnosperms that conduct water upwards to the plant.

Sieve Cells

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-22 17:28:42 UTC

Sieve cells are special cells that are long and narrow. Their job is to conduct nutrients to the plants tissues evenly.

Palisade Mesophyll

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 13:14:16 UTC

The palisade mesophyll is located in the leaves of a plant and specializes in photosynthesis because most of the chloroplast is found here, hence why leaves are green. The palisade mesophyll is more organized and compact than the spongy mesophyll below it. They are closely packed for the function to absorb as much sunlight to help in photosynthesis.

Root Hairs

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 13:18:42 UTC

Root hairs are basically just extensions of the epidermal cells. Their function is to increase the surface area to absorb water and help extract nutrients better from the soil.

Epidermis

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 13:23:05 UTC

The epidermis is like the plant's skin. It covers every part of the plant. It's job is much like our own skin, to protect it against diseases and infections. It also help retain water.

Endodermis

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 13:34:38 UTC

The endodermis is the very most inner layer in vascular plants, made of tightly packed cells. The endodermis also separates the outer and inner tissues from each other.

Casparian Strip

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 13:39:24 UTC

The casparian strip is a wax like strip that runs through the cell walls.

Cortex

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 13:42:22 UTC

The cortex, in plants, are tissues made of unspecialized cells. Its location is between the epidermis and the vascular tissues. Used for storage of carbohydrates, especially starch.

Vascular Cylinder

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 13:48:43 UTC

The vascular cylinder is is found throughout the plant and is comprised of the phloem and xylem. Obviously its function is to transport water and nutrients.

Root Pressure

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 13:49:41 UTC

Root pressure is the osmotic force pushing xylem sap upward in root vascular tissues.

Plant Growth Regulators and Community

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 13:50:14 UTC

Tropism

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 13:59:41 UTC

Tropism is a directional change in growth in response to a stimulus.

Phototropism

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 14:01:40 UTC

Phototropism is a change in direction of a growing plant in response to light.

Gravitropism

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 14:02:57 UTC

Gravitropism is a directional change to a growing plant in response to gravity.

Thigmotropism

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 14:04:34 UTC

Thigmotropism is a directional change in a growth pattern in response to touch.

Auxin

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 14:09:21 UTC

Auxin are a group of compounds that acts in similar ways on plant growth and cell differentiation.

Gibberellins

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 14:12:05 UTC

Gibberellins are a family of compounds that share the same, or similar, chemical structure, that also work similar in plants. More than 100 different gibberellins have been discovered to date.

Cytokinins

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 14:18:26 UTC

Cytokinins share the same chemical structure and their role is to promote cell division. Mostly found in the tissues of the plant cytokinins help slow aging processes and stimulate cell division.

Ethylene

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 14:25:14 UTC

Ethylene is a gas that is released by plants to regulate growth at certain stages. Also know as "the plant stress hormone" because it induces changes to the plant that protects it against environmental changes.

Abscisic Acid

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 14:29:39 UTC

Abscisic acid inhibits growth based on certain factors, such as light and seasons.

Succession

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 14:33:29 UTC

Succession is the gradual change over time in a species that for a community.

Primary Succession

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 14:36:16 UTC

Primary succession is succession in an area that has no wildlife, plants, or soil.

Secondary Succession

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 14:38:48 UTC

Secondary Succession is a succession in an ecosystem that has been disturbed by human activity or a natural disaster.

Pioneer Species

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 16:42:12 UTC

Pioneer species are the first species to inhabit an area during succession.

Stable Community

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 16:49:04 UTC

A stable community is when the wildlife, human, or plant population remains relatively the same over long periods of time. Equilibrium is achieved in these communities.

Ecosystems

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 16:51:06 UTC

Ecosystems are biological communities that interact with each other and their physical surroundings.

Plant Reproduction

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 16:51:59 UTC

Asexual Reproduction

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 16:54:50 UTC

Asexual reproduction is when an organism or plant can reproduce by itself, producing an exact replication of itself.

Stolons

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 17:20:49 UTC

Stolons are stems that grow horizontally along the ground ending in nodes where roots grow, extending the plant.

Corms

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 17:28:49 UTC

Corms are round storage organs found underground to help the plant survive through seasons and environmental changes. Made of a swollen stem base.

Grafting

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 17:33:36 UTC

Grafting is to attach a young, growing, branch from a plant and attach it to the stem and roots of another plant.

Scion

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 17:36:23 UTC

Scion is the detached part of the young plant used for grafting.

Stalk

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 17:37:25 UTC

Stalk, or stock, is the base plant that the young branch is attached to during grafting.

Angiosperm

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 17:40:05 UTC

Angiosperms are plants that flower and carry their seeds through fruit.

Gymnosperm

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 17:41:51 UTC

Gymnosperms are vascular plants that reproduce by exposed seeds, such as pine cones.

Seed

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 17:43:56 UTC

Essentially a seed is the plants embryo, containing the necessary information to create a new plant.

Endosperm

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 17:45:13 UTC

An endosperm is the nutritive tissues inside of an angiosperm seed.

Microspores

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 17:49:11 UTC

Microspores are plant spores that develop into male gametophytes.

Megaspores

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 17:49:59 UTC

Megaspores are plant spores that develop into female gametophytes.

Gametophytes

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 18:16:51 UTC

Gametophytes are divided into male and female parts. The male gametophyte is the pollen grain. The female gametophyte is the embryo sack.

Pollen Grain

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 18:25:31 UTC

A pollen grain is the male gametophyte. It makes a powdery white substance known as pollen for reproduction.

Cross-Pollination

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 18:34:45 UTC

Cross-Pollination is when pollen grains transfer from one plant to another.

Self-Pollination

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 18:35:54 UTC

Self- Pollination is when pollen is transferred from one flower to the next on the same plant.

Pollen Tube

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 18:58:51 UTC

A pollen tube is a structure produced by the male gametophyte that delivers sperm cells to the female gametophyte.

Zygote

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 19:04:37 UTC

A zygote is an eukaryotic cell formed between two haploid gametes. The zygote create embryonic and post embryonic tissues.

Sporophyte

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 19:08:58 UTC

A sporophyte is a diploid that produces spores that which can decides which spore it will become.

Stamen

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 19:10:31 UTC

The stamen is the male reproductive floral part, consisting of the anther and the filament.

Anther

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 19:11:07 UTC

The anther is the floral organ that produces pollen.

Filament

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 19:11:57 UTC

The filament is the thin stalk that supports the anther.

Carpel

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 19:12:45 UTC

The carpel is female reproductive part composed of the stigma, style, ovary, and ovule.

Stigma

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 19:13:31 UTC

The stigma is the sticky surface at the top of the style.

Style

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 19:14:04 UTC

The style is the stalk that leads to the ovary.

Ovary

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 19:16:02 UTC

The ovary is the enlarged basal part of the pistil, it contains ovules.

Ovules

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 19:17:18 UTC

The ovule is the site of the egg cell fertilization, it stores then egg cell until pollen arrives.

Petal

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 19:18:33 UTC

The petal is is the "leaves" of the flower, normally colored, and its function is to attract insects for pollination.

Embryo

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 19:20:18 UTC

The embryo is essentially a mini little plant.

Pericarp

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 19:21:30 UTC

A pericarp is part of a fruit formed by the walls of the ovary. Its function is to protect the growing plant.

Fruit

jaedonmapp — 2024-05-23 19:22:25 UTC

Fruit is the vessel of the seed.