Legal Aspects of College Prep in Secondary Education by LaKayla Cooper https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3 LaKayla Cooper, EDG 6305 en-us 2020-05-01 21:49:32 UTC 2026-03-12 02:11:09 UTC hello@padlet.com Slide #1 My Professional Perspective lcooper92 https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/544928015 My professional perspective is working in higher education at a local community college, dealing with high school students. In my previous position, I was a recruiter. In that role I was able to go out to college fairs, and make college presentations to gain interest in our school. My new role I work with dual credit and P-Tech students, which is essentially Early College High School. I am very passionate about making students aware of of their college resources, and becoming proactive with college awareness. Therefore, I chose the topic around the legalaties that secondary schools must uphold with their students will college preparedness. I hope to work in a advanced academics or college/career coordinator role at a high school. ]]> 2020-05-01 21:58:59 UTC https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/544928015 Slide #2 Summary of Topic lcooper92 https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545059217 College Prep is an important topic for secondary education, because it allows students to develop good time-managment and skills to reduce stress in their future. College prep my come in the form of college visits, college fairs, dual credit or AP courses, or simply college and career planning with help from high school counselors. High schools with concentrated poverty are less likely than low-poverty schools to offer coursework that students need to get into four-year colleges  and succeed (US Government Accountability Office, 2017). The high schools owe their students the neccessary skills and traits to be successful post graduation regardless of their socio-economic background. Dallas County has created  Dallas County promise scholarship to help curve the number of high school students that don't pursue college due to financial situations, primarily in the low povery schools.

Emerging Issue
60x30tx
By 2030, the State of Texas would like to see 60% of the population with a degree or certificate (Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, 2020). With this push in place, it is extremely important for secondary schools to uphold this vision. Secondary schools need to buid a solid foundation of courses in high schools that will allow them to be college ready. This is where the development of P-Tech and CTE (Career Technology and Education) foundations/pathways stem from with high school graduation requirements.]]> 2020-05-02 01:31:28 UTC https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545059217 Slide #12 Non-Law Source lcooper92 https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545093121 The Career Readiness Handbook developed by the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board and Texas Workforce Commission explains what it means to be college-ready and transition to career readiness.]]> 2020-05-02 02:47:10 UTC https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545093121 Slide #3 Professional Association lcooper92 https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545099222 American Institutes for Research (AIR, 2018) is a professional research association in behavioral science industries such as education. They released a student that gives insight to why dual credit education matters for the State of Texas. Dual Credit courses allow students to have a smoother transition from high school to college, resulting in a higher likelihood of college completio with a degree.]]> 2020-05-02 03:00:29 UTC https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545099222 Slide #4 lcooper92 https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545111552 This is an older article, however, it details the importance of starting college prep earlier, versus waiting until junior year of high school to plan (US News and World Report, 2013). By the time a student has reached their junior year of high school, it's already too late to make those valuable schedule decisions. The reason being that the first semester of senior year is when you start to apply to colleges to meet deadlines, and you would only have a viable three years of grading for college admission review.
Sheehy, K. (2013, September 9). U.S. News & World Report. Use All 4 Years of High School to Prep for College. Retrieved from https://www.usnews.com/education/blogs/high-school-notes/2013/09/09/use-all-4-years-of-high-school-to-prep-for-college.]]> 2020-05-02 03:28:55 UTC https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545111552 Slide #5 lcooper92 https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545115426 This article provides information why high school counselors are important for student success.
  • The Role of School Counseling in Academic Support - Counselors need to ensure they are providing their students with the resources to become good members of society.
  • School Counseling as a Resource for Parents - Parents may need guidance on how to connect with their high school student
  • School Counseling and Personal Issues - Counselors are there to provide emotional support as well as academic development
Moody, J. & Pannoni, A. (2020, January 2). U.S. News & World Report. How High School Counselors Can Help Students, Parents. Retrieved from https://www.usnews.com/education/blogs/high-school-notes/2015/02/02/3-ways-high-school-counselors-can-help-students-parents. 
]]> 2020-05-02 03:37:41 UTC https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545115426 Slide #6 Federal Constitutional Law lcooper92 https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545125035 US Constitution

  • Career guidance and academic counseling should be provided that could lead to workforce, or undergraduate college degree programs (20 USC §2302).

Link to law: https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid%3AUSC-prelim-title20-chapter44&saved=%7CY29sbGVnZSBwcmVwIHJlcXVpcmVtZW50cw%3D%3D%7CdHJlZXNvcnQ%3D%7CdHJ1ZQ%3D%3D%7C0%7Ctrue%7Cprelim&edition=prelim

]]> 2020-05-02 04:01:10 UTC https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545125035 Slide #7 State Administrative Law lcooper92 https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545126243 The Texas Education Code requires:

  • That an early college education program be established for students who are at risk of dropping out of school or who wish to accelerate completion of the high school program.  

(29 Tex. Educ. Code §29.908).

Link to law: https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/ED/htm/ED.29.htm#29.908




]]> 2020-05-02 04:03:45 UTC https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545126243 Slide #8 Federal Statutory Law lcooper92 https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545126948 The Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965 mandates:

  • Requires—for the first time—that all students in America be taught to high academic standards that will prepare them to succeed in college and careers (US Department of Education, 2020).

Link to law: https://www.ed.gov/essa?src=policy

]]> 2020-05-02 04:05:34 UTC https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545126948 Slide #9 Federal Judicial Law lcooper92 https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545128922 Karen Leddy vs. Northern Valley Regional High School District

Students want their official high school transcripts to recognize their courses as more college enriched, either with more points towards GPA or for them to be weighted more.

Link: https://1-next-westlaw-com.easydb.angelo.edu/Document/If9e658f0948a11e7a4449fe394270729/View/FullText.html?navigationPath=Search%2Fv1%2Fresults%2Fnavigation%2Fi0ad7401600000171b9b5ff9111c15ec6%3FNav%3DCASE%26fragmentIdentifier%3DIf9e658f0948a11e7a4449fe394270729%26parentRank%3D0%26startIndex%3D1%26contextData%3D%2528sc.Search%2529%26transitionType%3DSearchItem&listSource=Search&listPageSource=5b426a7f3c1035909c4a39ca8762d067&list=CASE&rank=6&sessionScopeId=4cb23046dff3beca875ba46b2e8fd0317178a555180e468f3f33e0e4aa711605&originationContext=Search%20Result&transitionType=SearchItem&contextData=%28sc.Search%29

]]> 2020-05-02 04:10:48 UTC https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545128922 Slide #10 Local Administrative lcooper92 https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545129422 Garland Independent School District (GISD) in Garland, TX provides opportunities for every student to earn at least 12 hours of college credit with their high school diploma (Garland independent school district, 2020). GISD also covers the costs of several exams such as AP/IB test, TSI tests, and PSAT/SAT exam fees.

Link to policy:
https://www.garlandisd.net/content/college-all


]]> 2020-05-02 04:12:12 UTC https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545129422 Slide #11 Ethical Principle lcooper92 https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545133312 (American School Counselor Association, 2016)
A.4. Academic, Career and
Social/Emotional Plans
School counselors:
a. Collaborate with administration, teachers, staff and decision
makers to create a culture of postsecondary readiness
b. Provide and advocate for individual students’ preK–
postsecondary college and career awareness, exploration and
postsecondary planning and decision making, which supports
the students’ right to choose from the wide array of options
when students complete secondary education.
c. Identify gaps in college and career access and the implications
of such data for addressing both intentional and unintentional
biases related to college and career counseling.
d. Provide opportunities for all students to develop the mindsets
and behaviors necessary to learn work-related skills, resilience,
perseverance, an understanding of lifelong learning as a part of
long-term career success, a positive attitude toward learning and
a strong work ethic.

According to ASCA, school counselors have an ethical obligation to provide students with college prep resources.

]]> 2020-05-02 04:23:47 UTC https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545133312 Slide #13 Recommendations/ Best Practices for Compliance lcooper92 https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545135431 The following are best practices that high schools should implement in order to provide all students with college prep resources:
  • Provide students with free or reduced cost college placement exams..
  • Adapt a high school curriculum that is rigorous enough to prepare students for college courses,
  • Provide all students with the opportunity to take dual credit courses during hig h school. 
  • Mandatory tutoring should be incorporated during advisory periods
  • Homework should be given in core classes
  • Plan for projects that meet the unique needs of first-gen students.
]]> 2020-05-02 04:30:01 UTC https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545135431 College Prep: High Schools Should have 100% College Acceptance Rate lcooper92 https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545141351 2020-05-02 04:45:59 UTC https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545141351 lcooper92 https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545142179 2020-05-02 04:48:07 UTC https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545142179 lcooper92 https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545143065 2020-05-02 04:50:33 UTC https://padlet.com/lcooper92/fo74lw4wmhaubcy3/wish/545143065