1. Prophase:

   This process is where the chromosomes condense into X-shapes, which are made up of two identical chromosomes then attach, and the membrane that is around the cell disappears (Fowler et al., 2023).

2. Metaphase:

   The homologous chromosome pairs line up along the middle of the cell, and the mitotic spindle then latches to each chromosome (Fowler et al., 2023).

3. Anaphase:

   The chromosome pairs called sister chromatids are separated by the spindle and moved to opposite ends of the cell (Fowler et al., 2023).

4. Telophase:

   At each end of the cell, the chromosomes come together, and a new membrane is produced around each new set of chromosomes.

   
   

   The results are two diploid identical daughter cells with the parent cell's total DNA.

Meiosis I consist of the following phases, including the first division (Fowler et al., 2023).

Interphase is consistent with both G 1 and G2 and the S stages, which focus on cell growth, and in the S phase, the DNA is copied and given to G2 to properly prepare for Meiosis (Fowler et al., 2023).

• Prophase I: Continues the close connection of homologous chromosomes and now starts to break down, and the condensing of the chromosomes continues as they remain attached at the chiasmata. By the end of this phase, chromosomes are still connected and are called tetrads, now showing the visibility of the four sister chromatids from the homologous chromosomes (Fowler et al., 2023).

Meiosis produces a crossover, a factor of genetic variants that allows non-sister chromatids to reciprocate and swap the DNA of the paternal and maternal chromosomes during this process (Fowler et al., 2023). Once the sister chromatid is transitioned into a gamete, it is then able to carry some DNA from both parents of that individual. The recombinant sister has a mixture of the DNA from both the parent's genes (Fowler et al., 2023).

• Prometaphase I: Holds the key feature in the connection at the centromeres of the kinetochore proteins involving the microtubules, which are put in place at the opposite poles of cell growth and is being directed to the center of the cell with each chromosome being attached from opposite poles. In the last part of this phase, the spindle fibers of the microtubules are attached to the tetrad with one homologous chromosome attachment to one pole and the other chromosome being attached to the opposite pole, which continues to be held in place together by the chiasmata and the nuclear membrane being broken down completely and also ending this phase.

• Metaphase I: Chromosomes and kinetochores are lined up within the center of the cell, with the kinetochores facing out towards the poles. The chromosomes obtain orientation from the independent assortment and are then placed in the center of the cell. Independent assortment is a foundational structure in generating the second form of genetic differences in offspring.

• Anaphase I: This is where the chromosomes are separated and then unattached by the spindle fibers connected to the centromere. When the chromosomes are connected to the chiasma, this is now broken (Fowler et al., 2023).

• Telophase I: The divided chromosomes show up to the poles. The remaining ents are getting ready for the next phase.

Cytokinesis is the physical separation of cytoplasmic parts into four haploid cells.

In Meiosis II, the sister chromatids remain haploid cells split to form four haploid cells, similar to the mitotic dividing of such cells.

• Prophase II: is done if the chromosomes have decondensed in telophase I. Centrosome moves away from one another to different poles, and then the spindle forms.

• Prometaphase II: the completion of breaking down the envelope, and the spindle can be formed. They can now allow each spindle sister and individual kinetochores connected to the microtubules, which then connect to the spindles from opposite poles (Fowler et al., 2023).

• Metaphase II: Sister chromatids are condensed to their maximum ability and lined along the cell's center (Fowler et al., 2023)

• Anaphase II:. Now, the sister chromatids are unattached by the spindle fibers and moved to opposite sides of the pole. Telophase II: the chromosomes are decondensed once at opposite ends, and then the envelope forms around the chromosomes (Fowler et al., 2023)

Cytokinesis: Divides the two cells into four genetically unique that are all randomly assorted from both the maternal and paternal homologs (Fowler et al., 2023).