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      <title>Corruption - Jamaica by Veronica Prestine</title>
      <link>https://padlet.com/veronicaprestine/fldekres2shkrur8</link>
      <description>ECON 4047 Developmental Economics - Corruption Project</description>
      <language>en-us</language>
      <pubDate>2022-03-22 20:06:38 UTC</pubDate>
      <lastBuildDate>2026-03-16 02:56:53 UTC</lastBuildDate>
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         <title>Corruption Perceptions Index</title>
         <author>veronicaprestine</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/veronicaprestine/fldekres2shkrur8/wish/2108360878</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>CPI indicates the relative degree of corruption. Jamaica was ranked 70/180 in 2021 with an overall score of 44/100. This score is the perceived level of public sector corruption- 0 being highly corrupt and 100 not corrupt. Jamaica's score of 44/100 has not changed since 2020. Any CPI score under 50 indicates “prevalent bribery, a lack of punishment for corruption, and public institutions that do not respond to the needs of citizens.”<br><br>Jamaica's rank is relative to other countries and therefore can change depending on the number of countries included in the index. Some countries may not be ranked if there is not enough data available to accurately measure levels of corruption. The Advocacy and Legal Advice Centre in Jamaica provides free and confidential legal advice and allow people to safely report corruption.</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-22 20:37:51 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Corruption within the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP)</title>
         <author>veronicaprestine</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/veronicaprestine/fldekres2shkrur8/wish/2108392470</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>The Jamaica Labour Party is one of the two major political parties in Jamaica (the other one being the People's National Party (PNP)). The JLP suggests that it is a social democratic party, however it is actually a conservative party. Historically the party has had issues with JLP ministers of Government involved in stealing from government funds leading to some being convicted and sentenced to serve time.<br><br>https://opo.gov.jm/taking-corruption-to-another-level/<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-22 21:05:12 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Former JLP Ministers Involved in Fraud</title>
         <author>veronicaprestine</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/veronicaprestine/fldekres2shkrur8/wish/2108411470</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Joe Z Malcolm (1950s) - </strong>former JLP Minister of Education was sentenced to 12 months at hard labor for defraud. <br><br><strong>LL Simmonds - </strong>Malcom’s successor as the Minister of Education was convicted in <strong>July 1954</strong> for breaches of the Official Secrets Act, and sentenced to 15 months at hard labor.<br><br></div><div><strong>Arthur Burt</strong> <strong>(1960s) - </strong>the former minister of state in the Ministry of Education was the third to face the courts and be sentenced for his role in the corrupt handling of the school building program financed by the World Bank. Although he fled the island to avoid appearing before the commission and facing criminal charges.<br><br><strong>James A.G. Smith (1990) -</strong>former JLP minister of labour, was charged with receiving $70,000 deemed by the director of public prosecutions to have been unlawfully obtained from farm workers’ savings. He was also charged with conspiracy to defraud. He was found guilty and sentenced to five years in prison<br><br><strong>Ruel Reid (2019)</strong> - former Minister of Education, Youth and Information was forced to resign over allegations of corruption and misuse of public funds involving a number of institutions tied to his ministry.&nbsp;<br><br>https://opo.gov.jm/category/in-the-news/page/2/<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-22 21:21:00 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Costs of Corruption</title>
         <author>veronicaprestine</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/veronicaprestine/fldekres2shkrur8/wish/2108469391</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>51% </strong>of Jamaicans believed that most or all of the police were corrupt and <strong>37%</strong> believe that most (or all) of their representatives in Parliament were corrupt (2017 Global Corruption Barometer).<br><br>Corruption diminishes quality of life by redirecting vital funding away from critical infrastructure such as healthcare, education, water, roads and electricity.<br><br>Funding is redirected into private pockets, which results in an underfunded and underperforming government and inadequately provides protection, jobs and basic services to its citizens.<br><br>Many turn to extralegal groups for protection and livelihood. The result of such decisions are the high levels of murder and organized crime seen in Jamaica today.</div><div><br>https://borgenproject.org/corruption-in-jamaica-improves-but-still-requires-attention/</div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-22 22:23:36 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Positive Indicators</title>
         <author>veronicaprestine</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/veronicaprestine/fldekres2shkrur8/wish/2108473361</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><strong>Integrity Commission Bill</strong> (2017) - passed by the Jamaican Senate,&nbsp;set in motion the establishment of an independent anti corruption unit. The unit is responsible for uncovering and prosecuting corruption in Jamaica. This indicates that Jamaican leadership acknowledges that economic growth is not sustainable given their current CPI.<br><br><strong>73 percent</strong> of the Jamaican population believe in their own ability to fight corruption and make a difference.<br><br>https://borgenproject.org/corruption-in-jamaica-improves-but-still-requires-attention/</div>]]></description>
         <enclosure url="https://borgenproject.org/corruption-in-jamaica-improves-but-still-requires-attention/" />
         <pubDate>2022-03-22 22:28:22 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title></title>
         <author>veronicaprestine</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/veronicaprestine/fldekres2shkrur8/wish/2108499311</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div>A recent report indicates corruption in Jamaica is costing their economy an estimated <strong>$738 million annually</strong> (2020).<br><br>Global Corruption Barometer finds <strong>85%</strong> of Jamaicans regard the two major political parties (JLP and PNP) as corrupt, and over <strong>70%</strong> are currently more aware of corruption (2020).<br><br>https://www.caribbeannationalweekly.com/editorial/full-time-to-change-public-corruption-in-jamaica/<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-22 22:59:35 UTC</pubDate>
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         <title>Corruption in Jamaica: Facts. </title>
         <author>veronicaprestine</author>
         <link>https://padlet.com/veronicaprestine/fldekres2shkrur8/wish/2108534358</link>
         <description><![CDATA[<div><br><strong>Three out of every four </strong>Jamaicans believe that half of our politicians or more are corrupt (LAPOP 2017)</div><div><br>Corruption is <strong>increasing</strong> and public confidence in democratic institutions is <strong>declining</strong><br><br></div><div>The official National Security Policy identifies corruption of elected public officials as <strong>the number one threat to national security</strong><br><br></div><div>Corruption is repeatedly identified in the annual Global Competitiveness Report as among <strong>the most problematic factors for doing business in Jamaica</strong></div><div><br>https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/news/20190811/30-years-political-scandals-lack-adequate-accountability-corruption<br><br></div>]]></description>
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         <pubDate>2022-03-22 23:40:24 UTC</pubDate>
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