Excluded- people are outside of the culture, denied access because they are unable to meet the membership standards of belonging.

Segregated- people are in a subordinate culture, separated from the mainstream culture, where they experience a sense of belonging but disproportionately low access.

Integrated- people are in the dominant culture, having access but belonging remains conditional, based on the degree to which people are able to achieve and conform to academic and social standards of the dominant culture.

Included -  people are of the culture, co-creating and experiencing access and belonging through a process of systemic and cultural transformation.