Hydraulic Jump by Abbas Khan https://padlet.com/ak2ess/fjc5tv8qvf57 Application in practical life. en-us 2018-02-26 06:12:42 UTC 2025-12-30 06:07:11 UTC hello@padlet.com 1. Introduction ak2ess https://padlet.com/ak2ess/fjc5tv8qvf57/wish/235228457 According to Haseeb (2017) a hydraulic jump is phenomenon for open channels. The hydraulic jump phenomenon is when the flow of the channel changes from super-critical to sub-critical; such phenomenon is often observed on the spillways of dams. When the flow of the channel changes from sub-critical to super-critical, the velocity increases and depth decreases resulting in smooth drop in the water surface till the alternate depth is achieved. When the super-critical flow changes to sub-critical flow, due to high downstream velocity preventing upstream diffusion results in sub-critical flow suddenly and is marked by an abrupt discontinuity, this abrupt discontinuity is the hydraulic jump. The hydraulic jumps appear in river surfaces as standing waves. The upstream of this jump has super-critical flow, whereas the downstream has sub-critical flow.







]]> 2018-02-26 06:51:50 UTC https://padlet.com/ak2ess/fjc5tv8qvf57/wish/235228457 2. Calculating Hydraulic Jump ak2ess https://padlet.com/ak2ess/fjc5tv8qvf57/wish/235470981  The height of the hyrdaulic jump is calculated using a specific formula. In this formula Y1 is the depth of the channel flow on the sub-critcal side whereas Y2 is depth of the channel flow after the jump (Haseeb,2017). Y1 is calcuted easily but Y2 is calculated by using the formula below :
Y1/2 + vY12/4 + 2Y1 x v1/g.

                  

                                                                                                                                 (Haseeb,2017)
         Figure 1 :  Height of hydraulic jack








]]> 2018-02-26 16:49:32 UTC https://padlet.com/ak2ess/fjc5tv8qvf57/wish/235470981 ak2ess https://padlet.com/ak2ess/fjc5tv8qvf57/wish/235474278 2018-02-26 16:53:13 UTC https://padlet.com/ak2ess/fjc5tv8qvf57/wish/235474278 3. Application of Hyrdaulic Jump ak2ess https://padlet.com/ak2ess/fjc5tv8qvf57/wish/235490040  
The application of the hydraulic jump is usually to reverse the flow of water due to which the specified chemicals can be mixed for purifying the water. The hydraulic jump has the ability to maintain high water levels on the downstream side which can later be of use for other purposes such as irrigation. Another useful application of the hydraulic jump is that it can also be useful to prevent air locking since it can easily remove air from the water supply and sewage lines; it also prevents scouring on downstream of a dam structure =, Haseeb (2017). Other applications according to Ibrahim (2018)  include :-
  •  Reduction of the energy and velocity downstream of a dam or chute in order to minimize and control erosion of the channel bed. 
  •  Raising of the downstream water level in irrigation channels. 
  •  Acting as a mixing device for the addition and mixing of chemicals in industrial and water and wastewater treatment plants. 
  • In natural channels the hydraulic jump is also used to provide aeration of the water for pollution control purposes. 
]]> 2018-02-26 17:15:03 UTC https://padlet.com/ak2ess/fjc5tv8qvf57/wish/235490040 4. Momentum Equation and Hydraulic Jump ak2ess https://padlet.com/ak2ess/fjc5tv8qvf57/wish/236025372 As discussed previously the function of hydralic jump is a phenomenon that occurs in transition from supercritical to subcritical flow. It is not at all possible to achieve a smooth transition and if a smooth transition were to occur , its energy would vary at the different points on an Es curve in the form of an ABC route in which in which the energy at B would be lesser than the energy at C corresponding with a downstream depth. The depth at which the jump will begin is reffered to as the initial depth and denoted by Yi. For any given open channel there is a relaitionship between Yi the initial depth and Ys which is the downstream depth. This requres the application of momentum equation:-
M =  A ȳ + Q/G βV = f(y) 
In the above equation M or specifi force shows the minimum value at critcal depth or the specific energy (Nalluri,2001)]]> 2018-02-27 17:34:31 UTC https://padlet.com/ak2ess/fjc5tv8qvf57/wish/236025372 Bibliography ak2ess https://padlet.com/ak2ess/fjc5tv8qvf57/wish/236033653
  •  Jamal, H. (2017 Calculation, Effects & Applications of Hydraulic Jump [Online]. Available from:https://www.aboutcivil.org/hydraulic-jump-calculations-effects-applications.html Accessed 26 February, 2018]. 
  •   Nalluri, C. and Featherston, R.E. (2001) Civil Engineering Hydraulics. 4th ed. Hoboken: Blackwell Publishing. 






    • ]]>     2018-02-27 17:45:20 UTC https://padlet.com/ak2ess/fjc5tv8qvf57/wish/236033653