Relationship status with Russia:

Uzbekistan: Uzbekistan has a neutral/working relationship with Russia. Russia is a key trade partner, and in return, Uzbekistan provides migrant workers. Russian is also widely spoken. And share similar cultural and political beliefs. 

Belarus: Belarus is a close ally of Russia. They share a lot of similar economic, ethnic, and political viewpoints. Belarus is dependent on Russia for a lot of exports, natural gas reserves, and trade.

Lithuania: The relationship is very tense. Lithuania is a part of the EU, which is also very anti-Russia. The only relationship they have with Russia is a negative one.

Ukraine: Ukraine has a hostile relationship with Russia, especially after the 2022 invasion of Ukraine. They have a similar culture, but don't claim any part of Russia.

Kyrgyzstan: The two still have a strong relationship with economics, security, and deep cultural bonds. The majority of Kyrgyzstan speaks Russian. Russia is providing financial aid, military support, and advanced educational programs. In return, Kyrgyzstan re-exports goods to Russia. The two are strong allies. 

• Significant cultural and economic ties including French language and close economic links

Guinea (1958)

• Development cooperation, focusing on cultural promotion, scientific advancement, governance, and debt relief

Niger (1960)

• Close economic ties

• France's top export partner

• Hostile military relations

Algeria (1962)

• Dependency on France

• Bad economic conditions in Algeria resulting in more immigration to France

Djibouti (1977)

• Close political ties

• Significant military cooperation

• Trade surplus for France

Brazil September 7, 1822

Angola November 11, 1975

Cape Verde July 5, 1975

Mozambique June 25, 1975

Macau(China) December 20,1999 became a part of China

Cultural connection:location

Central Africa, West Africa, East Africa

Portugese speaking:Angola, Brazil, Cape Verde, Macau(minority), Mozambique

Macau, multi-party

Mozambique, multi-party

Brazil, democratic

Angola, unitary constitutional republic

Cape Verde, democratic/multi-party

Albania:

Political --> very close ties with Turkey, and Turkey supported Albanian independence

Economic --> Turkey is one of Albania's largest investors and trading partners today.

Cultural --> strong cultural influences with shared religion (large muslim population), Ottoman heritage, and close people-to-people ties.

North Macedonia:

Political --> Turkey quickly recognized the new state and supported it in disputes with Greece.

Economic --> Growing trade and Turkish investment

Cultural -->. A significant Turkish minority in North Macedonia, and Ottoman heritage remains strong in culture, traditions, and architecture.

Serbia:

Political --> Historically, they opposed each other due to the wars of independence.

Economic --> Today, trade is growing, and Turkey invests in infrastructure projects in Serbia.

Cultural --> Ottoman Legacy visible in Cuisine, language borrowing, and architecture.

Romania:

Political --> Broke free after the Russo-Turkish War. Relations with Turkey became neutral, with them working together.

Economic --> trade developed in modern times, and Turkey is now one of Romania's important non-EU partners.

Cultural --> Less cultural. overlap than Greece or Albania, but some traces left from Ottoman rule.

Greece:

Political --> early relations were hostile due to wars, but over time normalized.

Cultural --> shared history under Ottoman rule left cultural influences in food, music, and architecture.

Today --> They are NATO partners, but tensions still exist over Cyprus and maritime disputes.

New Guinea was a German colony, known as German New Guinea, from 1884 until the outbreak of World War I in 1914. New Guinea (specifically the area of Papua New Guinea) has significant historical and lasting cultural relationships with Germany. Some things are Unser Deutsch and Religion and Medicine.

A second colony was the the Solomon Islands but truly was just under control by Germans. German-specific traditions have largely faded due to the limited duration of its colonial rule and the subsequent transfer of the islands to British control. Taxes and improved process Tanique's rubbed of and that is about it.

lastly samoa German Samoa was the German colony in the Western Samoan islands from 1900 to 1914. German rule ended with New Zealand's occupation in 1914 during World War. The more significant, lasting impact is seen in infrastructure and specific cultural areas like language and the names of descendants of mixed heritage. 

OLONIES:

German East Africa was a German colony in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. After WW1, the colony was divided into 3 seperate colonies; Tanganyika under the British and Rwanda and Burundi under the Belgians. These colonies didn't gain independence until December 9, 1961, (Tanganyika from the British), and July 1, 1962 (Rwanda and Burundi from Belgian colonial rule).

German Southwest Africa, aka modern day Namibia, was a German colony from 1884 until the end of WW1. Post WW1, the United Nations gave South Africa mandate to administer Namibia. Namibia didn't fully gain their independence until 1990

Ireland

1. Ireland was invaded in the late 12th century; it was the first colony they took. They still work together today in trade, investment and tourism despite their history.

India

2. The colonization of India began in 1750, which continued to grow in power due to the East India Company. India was then referred to as the "British Raj." Despite this, they continue to work together, lending each other economic benefits. They recently entered a Free Trade Agreement, which includes tariff reductions and market expansion.

Egypt

3. In 1882, Britain settled in India. The British had a strong hold over their economy, exploiting their agricultural resources. Today, they cooperate together mainly using the Suez Canal to do trade. Their leaders share mutual interests to strengthen their ties.

Fiji

4. On October 10th, 1874, Fiji was colonized by Britain, establishing a Crown colony. They faced difficulties due to the Fijian chiefs but established a constitutional monarchy soon after. Fiji and Britain continue to maintain a good relationship today, strengthening their economies and trade. They also strive for global peace.

Sierra Leone

5. In 1808, Britain made Sierra Leone a Crown Colony. The British used the Sierra Leone coast as a bade for the Transatlantic Slave Trade, meaning thousands of people were sent across the Atlantic. The British and Sierra Leone have a good relationship, with Britain supporting it's development. They aim to improve and increase trade with one another and create new business ideas.

united states 1776

India 1994

Nigeria 1960

Jamaica 1962

Kenya 1963

• Economic: Many of these countries still trade with Britain; they are also part of the Commonwealth of Nations, which promotes trade and cooperation.

• Political: Some still recognize the British monarch as symbolic head of state (like Jamaica).

• Cultural: English is often the official language, British education systems remain influential, and sports like cricket are widely played.

  Language: English became the official language in most colonies.

  • Education: School systems in countries like India, Nigeria, and Jamaica are modeled after the British style.

  • Religion: Christianity spread through missionaries.

  • Sports: Cricket, rugby, and soccer remain popular.
    
    
    

Brazil- Was colonized first by Portugal for its rich resources and cultural influence. Brazil gains its independence on September 7, 1822. As of now Brazil and Portugal have a very strong and a relationship that evolves. Where both Brazilians and Portugues people live together in each of their community's. This relationship is economic and cultural. They still trade and have trade routes to each other.

Angola- Was colonized for its central hub in the Atlantic slave trade. Angola gained its independence on Nov 11, 1975. They still have a strong relationship but it's more of a business and economically type of relationship compared to Brazil's. This relationship is only economic and political as it did agree on 13 bilateral relations.

Mozambique- was colonized so it could be a strategic trading post along the Indian ocean. they gained independence on June 25, 1975. There relations with Portugal are also strong with it being a more political and economic. For economic they both work on a strategic cooperation program. For political it's with the numerous official visits they have.

Cape Verde- Was colonized because it had essential stopovers for Portuguese ships. They gained independence on July 5th 1975. As of now Cape Verde has a very political relationship that is strong with Portugal. They have even made a cooperation deal with each other, and it works for better things for both of them like better education and health.

Guinea-Bissau- Was colonized for its trade and slave exports. They also gained their independence on July 5th, 1975. They have a very strong Relationship with Portugal much like Brazil does. It has economic and cultural relationships with each other. Which includes defense for both, trade and cultural ties between the two.

Fun fact 4 out of the 5 colonies gained independence in 1975.

Germany lost New Guinea to Australia in 1919. New Guinea then gained independence in 1975.

Political-

• Germany and PNG have had diplomatic ties since 1976.

• Germany maintains active engagement with PNG through ambassadors and state-level conversations.

• PNG and Germany continue to discuss climate change and land rights

Economic-

• Germany and PNG continue to trade. Germany imports agriculture and resources and exports manufactured goods.

• Germany supports PNG through aid in climate change projects and sustainability programs.

Cultural + Social-

• Unserdutch, the only German-based Creole language, is still spoken by some communities in PNG.

• The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Bavaria has partnered with PNG's Lutheran Church since the 19th century. They support education, healthcare, and community development.

Tanzania:

Germany lost Tanzania to Britain in 1919. Tanzania then gained independence in 1963.

Political-

• Germany and Tanzania still have a friendly and long-standing diplomatic relationship (since 1961)

• Recently, Germany President visited Tanzania and apologized for its force labor, land seizure, and violence during its rule. He also apologized for the Maji Maji Rebellion, in which Germany forced cotton growing, taxation, and harsh labor systems on many African communities.

Economic-

• Tanzania continues to export coffee, cotton, honey, and gems. Germany exports items like machinery, medical devices, and vehicles.

• Germany is one of the top ten investors in Tanzania. They invest in many projects, which also opens jobs for citizens.

• Germany remains a partner on things such as water security, health, and women empowerment.

Cultural + Social-

• Germany supports scholarships and exchanges to allow Tanzanian students to study in Germany.

• The Goethe-Institute in Tanzania promotes the German language and culture.

• They continue to work on cultural preservation on museums and heritage projects.

Samoa:

Germany lost Samoa to New Zealand after being invaded and acquired in 1914 during WWI. Samoa gained independence in 1962.

• A german solider, Wilhelm Solf, declared himself governor and implemented German societal norms into native ones. This allowed industrialized schools, and developed their economy to not be reliant on Berlin.

• Samoa adopted Germany's infrastructure and architecture, as well as a plantation based economy.

• The two nations have maintained a good diplomatic and trade relationship since 1972, and assist each other by focusing on climate issues.

Tago:

Germany lost Tago to France and Britain in 1914. Tago then gained independence in 1960.

• A German colonizer kidnapped chiefs in the local area until a commissioner signed a protection agreement with the government official of Tago.

• Heavy occupation of the costs led to inland military expeditions (60+ between 1884-1902).

• Germans added political organizations and a system with positions like "chief" with still persist today.

• The bandoneón, a popular instrument, has German origins as well.

• Trade relationship between Germany and Tago are still very strong and have officiated developmental cooperation between the two in 2012.

Nauru:

Germany lost colonization to Nauru in 1914. Nauru then gained independence in 1968.

• Germany was given Nauru in 1886 by the Anglor-German Agreement.

• After it was occupied, there was an emphasis on phosphate mining, which still occurs today. Cultural influences also included architecture and fashion.

• At the end of WWI, the predecessor to the United Nations declared Nauru under the Protectorate. In 1942 it was occupied by Japan, before being returned to the UN territory trust.

• The Australian parliament passed it and granted the nation independence in 1968, after drafting the Nauru Independence Treaty.

• Germany and Nauru also maintain a peaceful relationship with connections concerning UN climate issues, and developmental corporations.

Venezuela

• Gained independence in 1811

• They don’t have a great political relationship as Venezuela does not agree with Spain’s support for the opposition figures. Most of the tension is from Venezuela’s side as Spain seems to have been a supporter of Venezuela for a long time.

• Share similar language and cultural ties from colonization which also influenced some Venezuelan cuisine and customs. This was also mainly because of the migration of Spanish people from the Canary Islands to Venezuela.

• Despite the diplomatic tension, many Spanish companies have continued to operate out of Venezuela, with Spain wanting to continue to foster a positive relationship. Many Venezuelans have immigrated to Spain, as well, and it is believed that the number has increased.

Argentina

• Gained independence in 1816

• They used to have a much better political relationship but they have been having tension since 2023 with a falling out in May 2024 due to comments from the Argentine populist President Milei resulting in Spain recalling their ambassador from Argentina.

• Because of that, economic ties could be strained. Spanish companies are the second largest investor in the Argentine economy.

• Culture in Argentina was influenced by Spain early on and with the language but they seem to have created a more dynamic hybrid culture with immigration other European and Mediterranean countries over the years.

Mexico

• Gained independence in 1821

• They have a positive political relationship as they have signed political cooperation agreements.

• They have similar cultural ties because of colonization. They have similar languages, religions, and traditions. A couple of Mexican traditions are built from Spanish customs.

• They have a free trade agreement which allows Spain to be a major trade partner. Spain is also a provider of FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) for Mexico.

Honduras

• Gained independence in 1821

• Culturally, Honduras and Spain have a solid relationship with shared cultural ties. Honduras’ culture seems to be a mix of Spanish culture and Indigenous culture. They have collaborated on issues such as water and sanitation and women’s rights. They also agree that education and employment is key for immigration.

• Economically, both countries want to continue to strengthen their ties and to protect what they have now and the growth. The Spanish companies residing in Honduras also wish to stay and will continue to invest, create jobs, and achieve sustainable development.

• Politically, both countries have a positive relationship. They are both working on migration flows and promoting the recognition of the Spanish language in international diplomacy. After COVID-19, they stressed the importance of fair and equal access to the vaccine.

Peru

• Gained independence in 1821

• Both countries share a positive political relationship. They created a framework for Spanish collaboration with Peruvian authorities for the improvement of gender equality and access to water. The agreement to Promote Spanish between the two countries was also to promote the recognition of the Spanish language diplomatically.

• Both countries share a strong economic relationship as well. Spain is a major investor in Peru and continues to be a big importer of raw materials.

• Both countries share cultural ties, with Peru’s art, architecture, language, and religion having been influenced by the mix of Spanish and Andean traditions. There are a large number of Peruvians living in Spain and a shift of Spanish people migrating to Peru