sumer by roberto arellano ledezma (STU)

sumer

It was the southernmost region of ancient Mesopotamia that is generally considered the cradle of civilization. Mesopotamia, the area between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, is often referred to as the cradle of civilization because it is the first place where complex urban centers grew like what see friom the Sumerian Empire.

The name comes from Akkadian, the northern language of Mesopotamia, and means "land of civilized kings.".According to the List of Sumerian kings, when the gods first gave human beings the gifts necessary to cultivate society, they did so by establishing the city of Eridu in the Sumer region.Eridu was the first city in the world by the ancient Sumerians and is among the oldest ruins. Founded in the year 5400 a. C., it was believed that Eridu had been created by the gods and was the home of the great god Enki who would become a local god of fresh water in the god of wisdom and magic (among others). compare with other deities such as Anu, Enlil and Inanna as the most important in the Mesopotamian pantheon. The List of the Sumerian Kings cites Eridu as the "city of the first kings", it indicates, "After royalty descended from heaven, the kingdom was in Eridu" and the city turned to look at the Varioui tribes and city-states of Mesopotamia as a metropolis of a "golden age" in the same way that the writers of the biblical narratives created a "Garden of Eden" (probably in the Eridu model) as their mythical paradise from which humanity fell.

Sumerian Empire had two rivers that followed into the Persian Gulf. This was used for fertile soil for farming. The Persian Gulf was an important transport route for the civilization. Ur was an important port city along the Euphrates River which connected to the Persian Gulf. The people of Ur used the Euphrates River for transportation which connected with the Persian Gulf. This allowed the people of Ur to explore and trade with other neighboring civilizations.

In the city of Sumerian Ur built specifically a 155 mile wall to keep the Amorites out of Sumer. The wall was too long to be taken care of properly and was not anchored to any obstacle of any side. Any invading force could easily walk around the wall and that is what the Amorites did. The incursions of the Amorites and their migrations in the region that undermined the stability and commerce of the cities which led to the decline of Ur and the breaking of the wall. The result was the plundering of Ur by the Elamites which destroyed civilization.

Uruk is considered the oldest city in the world, the ancient Mesopotamians believed that it was Eridu and that it was here that order was established and civilization began.Uruk was one of the most important cities in ancient Mesopotamia. According to the list of kings of the Sumerians, it was founded by King Enmerkar sometime around 4500 BC. Located in the southern region of Sumeria, Uruk was known in the Aramaic language as Erech, which is believed to have given rise to the modern name for the country of Iraq. the Arabic name for the region of Babylon. The city of Uruk is most famous for its great king Gilgamesh and the epic tale of its search for immortality, but also for a series of "first fruits" in the development of civilization that took place there.

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