3A: Trench Warfare & Technology in WW1 by david beller https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68 Eye Deep in Hell en-us 2017-09-27 13:42:46 UTC 2025-04-03 16:42:36 UTC hello@padlet.com OBJECTIVE (Taken from Unit Guide) dbeller84 https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191661400
  • Trace the military, political, and diplomatic progress of the Great War.
  • Analyze the effect of technological developments on the progress of the Great War

    • ]]>     2017-09-27 13:44:14 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191661400     Guns and Gas https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191721430 Gas:
    • Began in April 1915 when Germany leaked this into Ypres Salient cylinders of 168 tons of gas
    • January 1915 Germany fired 18,000 shells at Russian Troops
    • Manufactured over 200,000 tons throughout the war
    • First used at the second battle of Ypres April 22, 1916
    • Chlorine Gas - Lead to a slow death by Asphyxiate
    • Mustard Gas - Deteriorated skin and rotted the body. Prolonged effects up to 12 hours. Death took up to 4-5 weeks.
    • Anti-Gas driles consisted of men running in circles and holding their noses with pieces of tow soaked in Hyposulphite and wrapped in veils in between their teeth.
    • Started using barge lock gauze tied with tapes to cover eyes. Given a bottle a Hyposulphate to soak.
    • Given a grey flannel hood with small eye pieces with phenol 
    • 2 types of tube helmet
    • Hood with a rubber tipped metal tube for between the teeth to breathe
    • 1917 - Box respirator replace all of these devices and was standard to all troop
    • Over 27 million gas masks produced in Britain.
    Guns:
    • Rifles were the most commonly used weapon on battleground due to their mobility.
    • Snipers were also a prevalent type of gun used.
    • Britain created a new and lighter gun, the machine gun. They began replacing their weapons on the Western Front with these machine guns. 
    ]]>     2017-09-27 15:24:57 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191721430     Production https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191722087 -The tanks were created by engineers of automobile companies like Mercedes-Daimler and the mass method of production devised by America's Henry Ford was used. 
    -The first tank, "Little Willie", was created by Great Britain (pictured below) - Sept. 19, 1915.

    ]]>     2017-09-27 15:26:00 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191722087     Tanks and Planes https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191723072 2017-09-27 15:27:44 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191723072 Mud https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191723142 -Trenches were ankle-deep in mud.
    -Mud made it hard to walk.
    -It took an officer 3 hours to walk 400 yards.
    -Sometimes men had to lie flat and distribute their weight evenly in order to prevent sinking in the mud.
    -In one month, 16 men were lost through exhaustion and drowning in the mud.
    -Cartridges and rifles clogged
    -Waterproof groundsheets served as some sort of protection
    -Thigh-length gum-boots worn to combat mud
    -Great-coat
    -Caused trench foot ]]>     2017-09-27 15:27:51 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191723142     Trenches https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191725184 They were only to give some minimal protection, for 24 hours at the most, prior to moving forwards
    •  Higher ground gave the Germans a tactical advantage but it also forced the British to live in the foulest conditions (they would find water)
    • There wasn't room from people to sleep so they would have to dig out of the trench for sleeping room or just sleep in the trench
    • On the Bellewaarde Ridge in 1915 the British and Germans shared the same front-line trench divided by a barrier of sandbags and barbed wire
    --> Structure:
    • The front of the trench was known as the parapet, about 10 feet high
    • Broken up into small sections, each screened from the other by a barrier of earth and sandbags jutting out into the trench
    • Box trench was built up with sandbags
    • Had outlets from the back, in triple lines:  the fire trench, the support trench, and the reserve trench or dugouts
    • Used barbed wire placed at least a grenade's throw from one's own trench,  hardly ever less than 50 ft deep

    ]]>     2017-09-27 15:31:10 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191725184     Muddy trenches in WW1 harrisgreen66 https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191725257 Soldier has to use a makeshift walking stick to propel himself through the trench]]> 2017-09-27 15:31:19 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191725257 Machine Guns https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191726654 -"Machine guns dominated the battlefield" (Ellis 89)
    -When soldiers would hear the sound of a machine gun it would send "shivers down their spine" (it symbolized death) (Ellis 89) 
    - "In 1884, Hiram Maxim produced the the Maxim gun, the first modern machine gun and the world's first truly automatic weapon" (Axelrod 34)
    -Contributed to massive casualties: "At Nueve Chapelle in March 1915, the second Middlesex was virtually wiped out by two German machine gun posts" (Ellis 93), "During the Third Battle of Ypres from August to November (1917), attack after attack was broken up by German machine gunners: a total of 244,897 men were killed or wounded" (Ellis 95)
    -Contributed to psychological damage of the war, "Each soldier was keenly aware of his own fears and hopes... each tried to come to terms with the fact that he was likely to be killed or horribly maimed" (Ellis 96)
    -Changed the war more than any other factor, " the machine gun transformed what could have been a war of rapid advance and conquest into an endless struggle of defense" (Axelrod 35).

    ]]>     2017-09-27 15:33:41 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191726654     Over the Top and Rats/Lice https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191726920 Over the top:
    -Many soldiers on both sides provided accounts showing how inhumane warfare had become psychologically
    -Most of them admitted that the only thing they feared was showing fear. It got to a point where no one truly feared injury or death, and most men simply accepted it as the likely future
    -This lack of fear and removal of emotions allowed soldiers to "push themselves over the top" and slaughter their enemies without second thought
    -One soldier described how as he charged up and out of the trenches into no man's land, it felt completely unreal and he had the sensation of being alone, surrounded by shadows instead of soldiers
    Rats:
     
    - The rats were so numerous the soldiers would collect them and round them up.
    - Rats were so large that they would occasionally
    - in ideal conditions a couple of rats produced a litter of at least 880 more powerful and bigger rats which spread more disease.
    - Rats would go for soft parts of the body, such as the eyes and the liver.
    Lice:
    - In 1918, doctors also identified lice as the cause of trench fever, which plagued the troops with headaches, fevers, and muscle pain.
    -The trenches were full of lice that would cover the soldiers in bites.
    -They tried to prevent lice with baths and chemicals, but the lice were still able to spread pain and disease. 
    -   Lice had been identified a major irritant to soldiers, and by 1918 as the cause of trench fever, an illness that left soldiers gravely ill for several weeks. 

    This is our space, back up. ]]>     2017-09-27 15:34:12 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191726920     Planes https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191726945 -Zeppelins used predominantly at the begging of the war. 
    -These aircraft flew high but were and very susceptible to attack.
    -Used for reconnaissance but also mainly for bombing]]>     2017-09-27 15:34:15 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191726945     the effect of the muddy environment) harrisgreen66 https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191727054 2017-09-27 15:34:27 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191727054 Life in a Trench harrisgreen66 https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191727149 2017-09-27 15:34:39 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191727149 Planes https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191729882 -Airplanes were first used as reconnaissance, flying over the enemy territories to determine troop movements.
    Bombers
    - In 1913 Russians developed a practical bomber, which held a crew of 5 and could carry 1,500 pounds of bombs and 4 machine guns.
    -In 1915 Italy created a bomber similar in capabilities to the Russian bomber.
    - In 1916 Germany introduced bombers capable of carrying 1,100 pounds of bombs, but it was produced too late to have significance.
    Dogfighting
    -    Dog fighting started off much like jousting, with low causality rates and hand held guns. 
    -In 1914 dog fighting became its own entity, and airplanes were created with forward facing machine guns and ]]>     2017-09-27 15:40:16 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191729882     Background Information https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191749764 2017-09-27 16:19:00 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191749764 Important People https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191750590
     Winston Churchill saw technology as a way to break deadlock 
    - Ernest D Swinton determined requirements --> must climb 5ft ledge, span a 5ft trench, range of 20 miles, weigh 8 tons, and accomidate 10 men

    ]]>     2017-09-27 16:20:37 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191750590     "Little Willie" https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191752598  The first tank, "Little Willie", was created by Great Britain (pictured below) - Sept. 19, 1915. ]]> 2017-09-27 16:24:32 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191752598 Diary Entry of Lieutenant of the 2nd Scottish Rifles harrisgreen66 https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191753394 "...Paddling about by day, sometimes with water above the knees; standing at night, hour after hour on sentry duty, while the drenched boots, puttees and breeches became stiff like cardboard with ice from the freezing cold air"]]> 2017-09-27 16:25:55 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191753394 https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191754056 2017-09-27 16:27:02 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191754056 Britain's Tanks https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191756396 - Britain was the first nation to start designing and producing tanks. Its most successful tanks were the Mark V and Mark V Star.
    - The Mark V Star weighed 36 tons and could span a 14 ft trench. It had a speed of 4.6 miles per hour and was equipped with either powder guns, machine guns, or both depending on the version.]]>     2017-09-27 16:31:35 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191756396     Tanks https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191756545 2017-09-27 16:31:51 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191756545 Country Specific Tanks https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191756999 2017-09-27 16:32:52 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191756999 French Tanks https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191757604 - Produced the Schneider "cheese box" (1916), which was equipted with 2 machine guns and a 75-mm canon
    -  The "St. Chamond" had 4 machine guns and a 75-mm gun
    - The "Renault" was lightly armored but highly manuverable/fast
    - relied on lighter tanks manufactured by the Renault automotive firm]]>     2017-09-27 16:34:11 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191757604     A Stroll Through the Trenches https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191758171 2017-09-27 16:35:18 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191758171 Germany's Tanks https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191758966 - Germany lagged behind both Britain and France regarding tank development. It only had a single tank model called A7V which appeared on battlefields quite late in the war - around March 21, 1918.
    - It weighed 33 tons, had a speed of 8 miles per hour, could carry an 18-man crew, and was equipped with a 57 mm cannon along with 6 machine guns.]]>     2017-09-27 16:36:56 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191758966     The "Renault" https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191761080 2017-09-27 16:40:59 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191761080 Beller https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191762409 I love this class
    It's so much fun
    History is cool
    I like history
    WW1
    Apple
    Trenches and such
    Okay?
    Okay
    okay
    .]]>     2017-09-27 16:43:27 UTC https://padlet.com/dbeller84/fh7set6rua68/wish/191762409