The Thobe is a long, colorful dress worn by Palestinian women. It’s usually made of cotton or linen and decorated with beautiful embroidery, using bright threads like red, green, and gold. The embroidery shows different patterns depending on the village the woman is from. Women wear the Thobe for special occasions like weddings or festivals.

2. Keffiyeh (Traditional Scarf)

The Keffiyeh is a black and white checkered scarf that Palestinian men and women wear. It’s a symbol of Palestinian identity and is usually wrapped around the head or neck. The scarf protects from the sun and dust, especially in desert areas. Today, many people wear the Keffiyeh to show their support for Palestine.

3. Qumbaz (Traditional Coat for Men)

The Qumbaz is a long coat worn by Palestinian men. It’s made from cotton or wool and is often worn over a shirt and pants. It’s usually decorated with simple patterns, and men wear it during important events like weddings or traditional ceremonies. The Qumbaz helps keep people warm during cold weather.

Maqluba is a famous Palestinian dish that means "upside down." It’s made with rice, chicken or meat, and vegetables like eggplant and cauliflower. What’s special about Maqluba is that it’s cooked in a big pot, and when it’s ready, the pot is flipped over, so the food comes out upside down on the plate!

2. Mansaf

Mansaf is a special dish often served during big celebrations. It’s made of rice, lamb, and a yogurt sauce called jameed. The rice and lamb are cooked with spices, and the dish is served on a big platter, sometimes with flatbread underneath. Families gather around the table to eat it together with their hands.

3. Kanafeh

Kanafeh is a delicious Palestinian dessert made of thin, crispy dough and filled with sweet cheese. It’s topped with syrup and sometimes crushed pistachios. Kanafeh is served hot and is a favorite treat during celebrations and special events.

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2. Church of the Nativity (Bethlehem): This church is where Christians believe Jesus was born. It’s one of the oldest churches in the world, and many people visit it every year to pray and see the place where Jesus was born.

3. Hebron Old City (Hebron): This is one of the oldest cities in Palestine. It has narrow streets, stone buildings, and a famous mosque called the Ibrahimi Mosque. People have lived here for thousands of years, and it’s important to Muslims, Christians, and Jews.

Eid al-Fitr is a happy holiday that comes at the end of Ramadan, the month of fasting for Muslims. Families get together to eat special meals, wear new clothes, and give gifts to children. People visit their friends and neighbors to share sweets and celebrate together. It’s a time to be thankful and help those in need.

2. Eid al-Adha

Eid al-Adha is another important holiday for Muslims. It celebrates the story of Prophet Ibrahim, who showed his faith in God. On this day, families share a big meal, often including lamb, and give some of the food to the poor. People also visit each other’s homes to celebrate and spend time with their loved ones.

3. Palestinian Wedding

A Palestinian wedding is a big, joyful celebration that lasts for several days. There is a lot of dancing, singing, and traditional music. Brides often wear beautiful dresses, like the Thobe, and families and friends gather to eat delicious food and congratulate the couple. One special dance called the Dabke is performed at weddings, where everyone holds hands and dances together.

Palestine

Anera. “What Is Palestinian Culture?” Anera, 22 Mar. 2021, www.anera.org/blog/palestinian-culture/.

The Dishdasha is a long, loose-fitting robe that men in Iraq often wear. It is usually made of cotton or light fabric to keep cool in the hot weather. The Dishdasha is typically white, but it can also come in other colors. Men wear it daily, and it’s comfortable for both work and relaxation. It’s common to see men wearing the Dishdasha in cities and villages all over Iraq.

2. Abaya (Women’s Traditional Cloak)

The Abaya is a long, black cloak that many women in Iraq wear over their clothes when going outside. It is loose and covers the whole body, making it modest and respectful, which is important in many Muslim countries. Women might also wear a headscarf, called a hijab, along with the Abaya. The Abaya is often worn during religious occasions or when women go out in public.

3. Kaftan (Traditional Embroidered Dress)

The Kaftan is a long, colorful dress worn by both men and women, especially for special occasions like weddings and celebrations. It’s made of silk or cotton and is often beautifully decorated with embroidery or patterns. Women’s kaftans are usually more colorful, while men’s are more simple. The kaftan is an important part of Iraq’s rich clothing tradition, especially for parties and important events.

• Masgouf is a popular dish in Iraq made with grilled fish, usually river fish like carp.

• The fish is marinated with spices and cooked over an open flame, giving it a delicious smoky flavor.

• People often eat it with flatbread and salad—it's a tasty meal enjoyed by many families!

2. Dolma (Stuffed Vegetables)

• Dolma are stuffed vegetables, like grape leaves or peppers, filled with rice, meat, and spices.

• They are rolled or stuffed tightly and then cooked in a big pot with tomato sauce or broth.

• Dolma is a favorite dish during family gatherings and celebrations, and everyone loves to share it!

3. Kebabs

• Kebabs are skewered pieces of meat, usually lamb or chicken, that are grilled until they are juicy and flavorful.

• They are often served with pita bread, rice, and fresh vegetables.

• Kebabs are a popular street food in Iraq, and you can find them at markets and food stalls, making them a fun meal to eat on the go!

• Nowruz is the Iraqi New Year celebration, which takes place on the first day of spring, around March 21.

• People celebrate by cleaning their homes, visiting family and friends, and enjoying special meals together.

• The holiday is filled with fun activities like dancing, singing, and giving gifts, making it a joyful time for everyone!

2. Eid al-Fitr

• Eid al-Fitr is a special holiday that marks the end of Ramadan, a month of fasting for Muslims.

• On this day, families dress in their best clothes, go to the mosque for prayers, and share delicious food with friends and neighbors.

• It’s a time of giving, so people often donate to charity and help those in need to celebrate together.

3. Ashura

• Ashura is an important day for many Iraqis, especially for Shia Muslims, and it commemorates the martyrdom of Imam Hussein.

• People observe this day with mourning rituals, including processions, prayers, and reenactments of the historical events.

• Families also prepare special foods and share them with others as a way to honor Imam Hussein and remember the lessons of bravery and sacrifice.

The Ziggurat of Ur is an ancient temple that looks like a big, step pyramid. It was built around 4,000 years ago in the city of Ur, which is near the Euphrates River. The Ziggurat was a place where people worshipped their gods. It is made of mud bricks and is very tall, with a special staircase leading to the top. Today, it is a famous historical site that shows how advanced the people of Mesopotamia were!

2. The Great Mosque of Samarra

The Great Mosque of Samarra is a huge and beautiful mosque with a unique spiral minaret. It was built over 1,200 years ago and is one of the largest mosques in the world. The minaret is tall and has a spiral shape, which makes it look like a giant snail shell! People from all over come to visit this landmark because it shows the incredible architecture and design of the time.

3. Baghdad’s Al-Mustansiriya School

The Al-Mustansiriya School is a famous historical school in Baghdad that was built over 800 years ago. It was a place where students learned about many subjects like science, mathematics, and literature. The building has beautiful arches and is an important part of Iraq’s history because it helped spread knowledge and learning in the region. Today, it is a symbol of Iraq’s rich educational heritage.

-“Iraq Country Profile - National Geographic Kids.” Geography, 21 Mar. 2014, kids.nationalgeographic.com/geography/countries/article/iraq.

1. General Information

2. Famous Landscapes

3. Clothes

4. Food

5. Celebrations

Peer Feedback Protocol: Glow and Grow

1. Start with "Glow" (Positive Feedback):

• Find specific strengths in your peer’s work.

• Focus on aspects like creativity, clarity, and depth of the information.

• Example: "I really liked how you made the information clear and easy to follow."

2. Move to "Grow" (Constructive Feedback):

• Suggest one area for improvement.

• Focus on things like explaining a bit more or using better visual aids.

• Example: "Next time, you could add more examples to make it even more engaging."

3. Be Kind and Specific:

• Use kind words and give specific examples to make your feedback helpful.

• Example: "You spoke clearly, but maybe you could add more pictures to help us understand better."

• The Qipao, or Cheongsam, is a beautiful traditional dress for girls and women in China.

• It has a high collar and is often made from colorful silk with pretty flower patterns.

• Qipao dresses are worn on special occasions like Chinese New Year or weddings.

2. Hanfu

• The Hanfu is a very old style of clothing that people in China used to wear thousands of years ago.

• It has long sleeves and flows gracefully, making the person wearing it look like they are floating.

• Today, people still wear Hanfu for festivals and special cultural events to remember ancient traditions.

3. Tang Suit

• The Tang suit is a traditional Chinese jacket worn mostly by men. It has a mandarin collar and is often decorated with gold patterns.

• It’s named after the Tang Dynasty, a period in Chinese history, and is still worn during festivals and celebrations.

• Tang suits are also popular during the Chinese New Year for bringing good luck!

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Chinese New Year, also known as the Spring Festival, is the most important holiday in China. It celebrates the beginning of the new year according to the Chinese lunar calendar. Families clean their homes to get rid of bad luck and decorate with red lanterns and banners. On New Year's Eve, families gather for a big dinner and give children red envelopes with money for good luck. There are also fireworks and a dragon or lion dance to celebrate!

2. Mid-Autumn Festival

The Mid-Autumn Festival is celebrated when the moon is at its fullest and brightest in the middle of autumn. Families get together to admire the moon, eat mooncakes (a sweet pastry), and share stories about the moon. It’s a time to give thanks for the harvest and to spend time with family. Children might make paper lanterns to carry around at night.

3. Dragon Boat Festival

The Dragon Boat Festival honors an ancient poet named Qu Yuan. During this celebration, people race long, colorful boats shaped like dragons. The boat races are exciting, and many people come to watch. Families also eat a special food called zongzi, which are sticky rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves. The festival happens in the summer, and it’s a fun and active holiday!

• The Great Wall of China is a huge wall that stretches over 13,000 miles across northern China!

• It was built a long time ago to help protect the country from invaders. People walked on it, and it has many watchtowers along the way.

• You can see the Great Wall winding over mountains and hills, and it’s one of the most famous landmarks in the world!

2. Yangtze River

• The Yangtze River is the longest river in China and the third longest in the world, stretching over 3,900 miles!

• It flows through many beautiful landscapes, including mountains, farmland, and gorges, where you can see amazing cliffs and waterfalls.

• Many people live along the river, and it’s important for transportation, farming, and fishing!

3. Zhangjiajie National Forest Park

• Zhangjiajie National Forest Park is famous for its tall stone pillars that look like towers reaching into the sky.

• The park is so beautiful that it inspired the floating mountains in the movie Avatar!

• It has many walking paths and cable cars, so visitors can explore the amazing nature and see the stunning views from the top!

• Origin: Beijing

• Description: This dish is famous for its crispy skin and tender meat. The duck is seasoned, air-dried, and roasted until the skin is crispy. It is typically served with thin pancakes, hoisin sauce, and sliced scallions. Peking Duck is often considered a symbol of Chinese culinary art.

2. Dumplings (Jiaozi)

• Origin: Northern China

• Description: Dumplings are a staple food, especially during the Lunar New Year. They can be filled with various ingredients, including minced meat and vegetables, and can be boiled, steamed, or pan-fried. Dumplings symbolize wealth and prosperity due to their shape resembling ancient Chinese money.

3. Mapo Tofu

• Origin: Sichuan Province

• Description: This dish features tofu set in a spicy sauce made from doubanjiang (fermented broad bean paste) and Sichuan peppercorns, which gives it a distinctive numbing flavor. It often includes minced meat and is typically served with rice.

4. Kung Pao Chicken

• Origin: Sichuan Province

• Description: This dish is a stir-fry made with diced chicken, peanuts, and vegetables, seasoned with soy sauce and chili peppers. It is known for its sweet and spicy flavor profile.

5. Sweet and Sour Pork

• Origin: Guangdong Province

• Description: This dish features pork that is battered and fried, then tossed in a sauce made from vinegar, sugar, and ketchup, often accompanied by bell peppers and pineapple. It's popular in both China and Western countries.

6. Fried Rice

• Origin: Various regions

• Description: A common dish made from leftover rice, stir-fried with vegetables, eggs, and a choice of meat. Fried rice is versatile and can be found in many regional variations.

7. Congee (Rice Porridge)

• Origin: Southern China

• Description: This is a savory rice porridge that is often served for breakfast. It can be topped with various ingredients such as pickled vegetables, meats, and century eggs.

8. Tea

• While not a food, tea is a significant part of Chinese culture. Varieties like green tea, oolong tea, and pu-erh tea are enjoyed with meals and during ceremonies.

1. La Sagrada Familia – Barcelona

• La Sagrada Familia is a huge church in Barcelona that looks like a castle from a fairy tale!

• It was designed by a famous architect named Antoni Gaudí, and it's been under construction for over 140 years—it's still not finished!

• The church has tall towers and colorful windows that make it look magical inside and out.

2. The Alhambra – Granada

• The Alhambra is a beautiful palace and fortress located in Granada. It was built hundreds of years ago by the Moors, who once ruled Spain.

• It has fancy gardens, fountains, and beautiful walls decorated with patterns and carvings.

• From the Alhambra, you can see amazing views of the mountains and city below!

3. Plaza Mayor – Madrid

• The Plaza Mayor is a big, open square in the middle of Madrid, Spain's capital.

• The square is surrounded by red buildings with many windows and balconies.

• People love to visit the Plaza Mayor to eat, shop, and watch street performances—it’s a fun place full of history!

Paella (Rice Dish)

• Paella is a famous dish made with rice, vegetables, and sometimes seafood or chicken. It's cooked in a big round pan!

• The bright yellow color comes from a spice called saffron, which makes it look yummy and special.

• Paella comes from a place in Spain called Valencia and is often made for big celebrations!

2. Tortilla Española (Spanish Omelette)

• Tortilla Española is a thick, round omelette made with eggs and potatoes.

• Sometimes people add onions to make it even tastier.

• It’s cut into slices, like a pie, and people eat it for breakfast, lunch, or as a snack.

3. Churros (Sweet Treat)

• Churros are long, crispy fried dough sticks that are often eaten with chocolate!

• People like to dip them in hot chocolate or sprinkle them with sugar.

• They’re a popular treat in Spain, especially for breakfast or dessert!

2.La Tomatina :La Tomatina is a Spanish festival in Buñol, Spain where participants throw tomatoes at each other. It is said to be the biggest food fight in the world. From La Tomatina.

3.Holly week in Spain : which is Semana Santa,When does Semana Santa take place? Easter in Spain generally starts on Palm Sunday and finishes on Easter Sunday also

The Flamenco dress is a beautiful, colorful dress worn by women during Flamenco dancing. The dress is tight at the top and has big, ruffled layers at the bottom. It is often decorated with polka dots or flowers. Women also wear a flower in their hair and sometimes a shawl. The Flamenco dress is most commonly seen at festivals and special performances, especially in the region of Andalusia.

2. Mantilla (Traditional Lace Veil)

The Mantilla is a delicate lace veil that Spanish women wear on special occasions, especially during religious ceremonies like weddings or Easter celebrations. It is worn over the head and shoulders and is held up by a special comb called a peineta. The Mantilla is usually black or white, depending on the occasion, and it’s a symbol of respect and elegance.

3. Torero Suit (Traje de Luces)

The Torero suit, also called the Traje de Luces (Suit of Lights), is the traditional outfit worn by bullfighters in Spain. The suit is made of colorful silk and decorated with shiny gold or silver embroidery. It includes tight-fitting pants, a short jacket, and a special hat called a montera. Bullfighters wear this suit during bullfights, which is a long-standing tradition in Spain.

The Hagia Sophia is a famous building located in Istanbul. It was originally built as a church over 1,500 years ago and later became a mosque. Now, it is a museum. The Hagia Sophia is known for its massive dome and beautiful mosaics that show scenes from history and religion. When you go inside, you can see how big and bright it is, and it has beautiful decorations that tell stories from long ago!

2. Topkapi Palace

The Topkapi Palace is a grand palace in Istanbul that was once home to the Sultans (the kings) of the Ottoman Empire. It was built over 500 years ago and has beautiful gardens, courtyards, and many rooms filled with treasures, like jewels and ancient artifacts. Visitors can explore the palace and learn about the royal family and how they lived a long time ago. The palace also has amazing views of the Bosporus Strait!

3. Cappadocia’s Fairy Chimneys

Cappadocia is a special region in Turkey known for its unique rock formations called fairy chimneys. These tall, cone-shaped rocks were formed by volcanic eruptions and erosion over millions of years. People have carved homes and churches into these rocks, and it looks like a fairy tale! Visitors can take hot air balloon rides to see the stunning landscape from above, especially during sunrise when the sky is filled with colorful balloons.

Kebabs are a popular Turkish dish made of pieces of meat, usually lamb or chicken, that are marinated with spices and then grilled on skewers. They can be served on a plate or in a wrap called dürüm with vegetables and sauces. Kebabs are delicious and come in many different styles, like shish kebab (cubes of meat on a stick) and doner kebab (meat cooked on a vertical rotisserie). They're a favorite for many people in Turkey!

2. Baklava

Baklava is a sweet dessert made of layers of thin pastry called phyllo dough filled with chopped nuts, like walnuts or pistachios, and sweetened with honey or syrup. It’s cut into small diamond or square shapes and is very rich and tasty! Baklava is often enjoyed with tea or coffee and is a special treat during celebrations and holidays.

3. Meze

Meze is a variety of small dishes served as appetizers or snacks. It includes different foods like hummus (a dip made from chickpeas), stuffed grape leaves (grape leaves filled with rice and spices), and yogurt with cucumber. Meze is perfect for sharing with family and friends, and it’s often served with bread. It’s a fun way to try many different flavors all at once!

Şalvar are comfortable, baggy trousers worn by both men and women in Turkey. They are made of light fabric, which makes them perfect for warm weather. The trousers are usually loose at the top and taper at the ankles, allowing for ease of movement. People often wear şalvar during festivals, celebrations, or while doing traditional dances. They come in various colors and patterns, making them fun to wear!

2. Kaftan (Long Robe)

The Kaftan is a beautiful long robe worn by both men and women, especially during special occasions like weddings and celebrations. It is often made of luxurious fabrics and decorated with colorful patterns and embroidery. Women’s kaftans are usually more colorful and flowing, while men’s kaftans can be simpler. The kaftan is elegant and comfortable, and it shows off the rich culture of Turkey!

3. Yelek (Vest)

The Yelek is a traditional vest worn by men in Turkey, usually over a shirt. It can be made of various materials, like wool or cotton, and is often decorated with colorful embroidery. The yelek adds a stylish touch to an outfit and is commonly worn during festivals, cultural events, or even in daily life. It shows the wearer's style and pride in their heritage!

Eid al-Fitr, also known as Ramazan Bayramı in Turkey, is a special holiday that marks the end of Ramadan, a month of fasting for Muslims. During this time, people celebrate with their families and friends. They start the day with a special prayer at the mosque and visit the graves of loved ones to remember them. People dress in new or their best clothes and share delicious meals, including sweet treats like baklava. It’s a time for giving, so many people also donate to those in need and give gifts to children.

2. National Sovereignty and Children’s Day (Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı)

National Sovereignty and Children’s Day is celebrated on April 23rd each year. It was established to honor children and celebrate the establishment of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in 1920. On this day, children are the stars! Schools organize fun events, such as dances, plays, and parades. Children often dress in traditional costumes, and there are many activities for them to enjoy. This special day reminds everyone of the importance of children in the country.

3. Kurban Bayramı (Feast of Sacrifice)

Kurban Bayramı, or the Feast of Sacrifice, is an important Islamic holiday that honors the willingness of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) to sacrifice his son as an act of obedience to God. Families celebrate by sacrificing an animal, such as a sheep or a goat, and sharing the meat with family, friends, and those in need. People also gather for special prayers at the mosque and visit each other’s homes to enjoy delicious meals together. It’s a time of generosity and kindness!

“Turkey.” Britannica Kids, 1 Oct. 2013, kids.britannica.com/kids/article/Turkey/345805.

The Pyramids of Giza are some of the most famous structures in the world! They were built over 4,500 years ago as tombs for the ancient Egyptian kings, called pharaohs. The largest pyramid, known as the Great Pyramid, is made of millions of huge stone blocks and was the tallest man-made structure in the world for many centuries! These pyramids are located near the city of Cairo and are surrounded by the Sphinx, a large statue with the body of a lion and the head of a human. The Pyramids of Giza are a symbol of ancient Egypt and a popular place for tourists to visit.

2. Karnak Temple

Karnak Temple is one of the largest and most impressive temple complexes in the world. It is located near the city of Luxor and was built over many centuries as a place of worship for the ancient Egyptian god Amun. The temple is famous for its huge columns, tall obelisks (which are like tall stone pillars), and beautiful hieroglyphs (which are pictures that represent words). Visitors can walk through the temple and see amazing carvings and statues that tell stories about ancient Egyptian gods and pharaohs. It is a special place where people can learn about Egypt’s rich history!

3. Abu Simbel Temples

The Abu Simbel Temples are two impressive temples built by the famous pharaoh Ramesses II over 3,200 years ago. They are located near the Nile River in southern Egypt. The temples are carved into a mountainside and feature giant statues of Ramesses II sitting at the entrance. The larger temple is dedicated to the gods and shows beautiful carvings inside. These temples are famous for their breathtaking architecture and are a UNESCO World Heritage Site, meaning they are recognized as important places that need to be protected for future generations.

The Galabeya is a long, loose-fitting dress worn by both men and women in Egypt. It is made of light fabric, making it comfortable to wear in the hot weather. The galabeya comes in many colors and patterns, and it can have beautiful embroidery or designs. Men often wear a white or beige galabeya, while women might choose brighter colors. It’s a popular outfit for daily wear and is also worn during special occasions and celebrations.

2. Shendyt

The Shendyt is a traditional garment worn by men in ancient Egypt. It is a type of skirt that wraps around the waist and is usually made from linen. The shendyt can be short or long and is often decorated with colorful patterns. In ancient times, pharaohs and high-ranking officials wore shendyt as a symbol of their status. While it’s not commonly worn today, it’s an important part of Egypt’s history and shows what ancient Egyptians wore.

3. Hijab

The Hijab is a headscarf worn by many women in Egypt and other Muslim countries. It covers the hair, neck, and sometimes the shoulders, and is worn as a sign of modesty and respect. Hijabs come in various colors, styles, and fabrics, and women often wear them with their everyday clothing. Some hijabs are simple, while others may have beautiful patterns or decorations. Wearing a hijab is an important cultural practice for many Egyptian women.

1. Koshari

Koshari is a popular Egyptian dish made from a mix of rice, lentils, and macaroni topped with a delicious tomato sauce and crispy fried onions. It’s often served with a spicy vinegar sauce on the side. Koshari is a favorite comfort food in Egypt and is enjoyed by people of all ages. It’s filling and tasty, making it a great meal for lunch or dinner!

2. Ful Medames

Ful Medames is a traditional Egyptian breakfast dish made from fava beans (a type of bean) that are slow-cooked and seasoned with olive oil, garlic, lemon juice, and spices. It’s often served with bread, and some people like to add chopped tomatoes or onions on top. Ful medames is healthy and nutritious, giving people the energy they need to start their day!

3. Baklava

Baklava is a delicious sweet dessert made of layers of thin pastry called phyllo dough filled with chopped nuts, like walnuts or pistachios, and sweetened with honey or syrup. It is cut into small squares or diamonds and has a rich, sweet flavor. Baklava is often enjoyed with tea or coffee and is a popular treat during holidays and special occasions. It’s a tasty way to end a meal!

Eid al-Fitr is a special holiday that celebrates the end of Ramadan, a month when Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset. On this day, families go to the mosque for a special prayer and then enjoy delicious meals together. People wear new or their best clothes and often give gifts to children. It’s also a time for helping others, so many people donate to charity and share food with those in need. Everyone is happy and festive, and there are often fun activities for kids!

2. Sham El-Nessim

Sham El-Nessim is an ancient Egyptian spring festival celebrated on the Monday after Coptic Easter. It marks the arrival of spring and is a day for families to spend time together outdoors. People enjoy picnics, eat special foods like feseekh (fermented fish), and enjoy colored eggs, which symbolize new life. Families often go to parks or gardens to have fun and celebrate the beautiful weather. It’s a joyful holiday filled with laughter and love!

3. Coptic Christmas

Coptic Christmas is celebrated on January 7th by Coptic Christians in Egypt. The holiday begins with a long church service on Christmas Eve, where families gather to celebrate the birth of Jesus. On Christmas Day, people come together to enjoy a big feast with delicious traditional foods. Many families also exchange gifts and spend time with loved ones. It’s a day filled with joy, music, and special traditions that bring people closer together!