Racism In U.S History by SANDY TUNG https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25 By: Steven Ngai and Sandy Tung en-us 2022-04-29 13:21:16 UTC 2025-05-23 13:22:55 UTC hello@padlet.com Foundation of American (1491-1607) sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2164289043 The Age of Exploration began in the early 1400's, due to Columbus's discovery. This enabled countries in the Old World to start immigrating over to the New World in seek of new resources, glory, and specifically gold.

Groups of people began settling in Native American's territories and building their relationships with them for trade. This included the French and Dutch who focused on Fur Trade. Since the Natives were enriched with silver that were extremely valuable at the time. The Spanish, however, were one of the few groups who discriminated against the Natives due to their beliefs. The Spanish believed they deserved to claim the lands the Natives were on because it was destined by God. Natives were slaughtered, used, and kicked out of their homes.]]> 2022-04-29 13:25:03 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2164289043 Slave Trade (Mid-17th Century) stevenn26 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2164302162 The Atlantic Slave Trade is the start of black slavery/racism inside the United States. Due to there not being any laws against slavery against black individuals inside the U.S. Slavery morally became a huge problem inside the US.  Although controversial, the Slave Trade was the primary source of the US economy. Early America was built on racism which remained that way up until current day America.  Not only were the slaves physically neglected inside of America, but they were also neglected on the ship.  Of the 12.9 million people put on the ships to travel into America, only 10 million survived the boat ride there. ]]> 2022-04-29 13:32:46 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2164302162 Revolutionary War (1775–1783) stevenn26 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2164335795 A massive point in American history that decided whether they would stay with Britain or become an independent nation. While black soldiers were technically fighting inside the war, most soldiers were not acknowledged any differently from those regular white soldiers. They fought for absolutely nothing as even after the war, most slaves were not given freedom from the war.  Right after it ended, America went back into slavery.]]> 2022-04-29 13:52:28 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2164335795 Ruling of President Andrew Jackson (1829 - 1837) sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2164342907 During the presidency of Andrew Jackson, critical attention was brought to the amount of power he held. Citizens view Jackson as monarch and renamed him as the King Of Veto. There were no restrictions on the power he had, as supported with the image above. He implemented the Indian Removal Act and the Trail of Tears, forcing Native Americans to relocate themselves/leave their homes. However, this was seen as unconstitutional since it had violated the 5th amendment - “Nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation". The objective of doing this was both to increase the production of tobacco and segregate Native Americans (reducing contact).]]> 2022-04-29 13:56:30 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2164342907 Alien Sedition Act (1798 - 1801) stevenn26 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2169941244 During the Quasi war the Americans formed laws against new people entering the US by not allowing basic civilian rights to those who just entered the US.  They extended the time needed to gain citizenship.  This had varying effects on the immigrants coming into the United states as they could not obtain jobs. ]]> 2022-05-04 13:47:22 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2169941244 First Person Account Of Trail Of Tears (1837) sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2171427071 B.B. Cannon's journal offers firsthand accounts of his experiences while conducting the Removal Act. The audience can understand the significance between time and the number of miles the Indians traveled throughout B.B Cannon's journal. On October 15th, 1837, for instance, he stated how the Indians had to walk 5 miles in 4 hours on October 15th, 1837. Which showed how they had to maintain their pace and keep traveling endlessly towards the West. Despite the geographical difficulties, the only time they stopped was for resting and eating. As a result of this act, various Indian groups had to abandon their homes and were forced into areas in which they did not know the geographical background of. This opened up millions of acres to American residents, but it also resulted in the extermination of many indigenous peoples. ]]> 2022-05-05 13:30:23 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2171427071 Civil War (1861 – 1865) https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2171436603 The Civil War, one of the most known wars in American history, is known for not being a regular war.  Rather than fighting another country, America was fighting themselves on how they want to regulate slavery.  The northern part although still semi-racist was completely against slavery/forced labor.  Meanwhile in the south slavery was essential towards the economy.  Even though this the African Americans were the slaves, they were never asked for their opinions on the matter.   Similarly to the Revolutionary war, African Americans who fought inside the Civil war were not recognized and were forgotten about.  Many different heroes of war were forgotten about and yet again, the white men were the heroes of the war while slavery and African Americans was the start of the war.

Frederick Douglass an African American born slave was a abolitionist most know for creating the "Narrative life of Frederick Douglass.  Frederick Douglass is one of the most influential African Americans in American history.  Unlike many other slaves, Frederick received education at an early age by Sophia Auld (Hugh Auld's wife).  She taught him the alphabet and other terms to allow him to read and write.  Upon hearing about this, Hugh scolded her and forced her to stop giving him newspapers and books to keep him stupid.  Secretly Douglass kept educating himself in his spare time learning about the horrors of slavery.  When he became stronger he eventually beat up his owner and ran away to gain his freedom.   Douglass formerly being a slave then wrote several stories on his life and slavery in general.  He was very significant in revealing the horrors in the American slavery system.]]> 2022-05-05 13:36:08 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2171436603 Slavery Abolished (1865) stevenn26 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2172892401 Towards the end of the civil war Lincoln the United States president at the time pushed forwards the 13th amendment completely outlawing slavery. Following the 13th amendment the 14th and the 15th gave basic citizenship rights to the black people however not everything was outlawed. During the period in American time history known as Reconstruction, the south re-entered the union and was following the United States laws. Still mad at Slaves gaining their freedom, the White southerners made several different racist rules and laws that bypassed the amendments. The two biggest of those laws/rules were the Black Codes & the Jim Crow Laws. These laws promoted racial segregation and treated the Black people like slaves again being inferior to White people. Once again the White people where characterized as heroes meanwhile the former slaves were being segregated against. An example of the laws was a mandatory curfew that ONLY applied to former slaves/black people. ]]> 2022-05-06 13:37:02 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2172892401 Ku Klux Klan (1865 - Present) stevenn26 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2172914039 The KKK is one of the most known racist organizations inside the United States.  Initially founded by former Southern civil war commanders, Frank McCord, Richard Reed, John Lester, John Kennedy, J. Calvin Jones and James Crowe.  These men dressed in all white with hoods on their head in order to hide their real identity.  The KKK specifically targeted abolitionist and former slaves doing organized crime such as murder, rape, torture.  The KKK was not entirely suppressed by the government and instead left alone.  It is also very ironic how the KKK was originally formed by people of the government.  Throughout history the KKK has been left alone to do as they please resulting in thousands of former slaves being tortured to death. ]]> 2022-05-06 13:50:54 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2172914039 Court Case (1896) stevenn26 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2173485923 Plessy v. Ferguson was a court case in 1892 where a black individual by the name Homer Plessy was told to sit inside a white train car seat by White residents around his area who were against the Separate Car Act (An act that forbid a person of color to sit inside a white only car).  When he was told to get up from his cart seat he refused unfortunately leading to his arrest.  In the court case regarding his arrest, his lawyer stated that his arrest was against the 13th and 14th amendment rights that Plessy had.  The court unfortunately convicted Plessy and sent him to prison.  Although he did absolutely nothing wrong, he was thought to be a villain and arrested.  His case is an example of American racism in the court of law.]]> 2022-05-06 22:00:22 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2173485923 Lynching (1882 - 1968) sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174097231 Lynching, public executions, was another method used primarily in the South to maintain the ideal of white supremacy. These executions were carried out by white mobs who made false allegations to publicly hang a victim, specifically African Americans. Their main goal was to instill fear in black communities and make them believe that prejudice and slavery would never come to an end. This numerous African Americans yet again did not feel safe and continued fearing for their lives. Despite all the efforts they have made, trying to change America for the better.]]> 2022-05-07 22:36:28 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174097231 Strange Fruit Sang By Billie Holiday (1939) sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174445083 Abel Meeropol was the writer of Strange Fruit, his song contains vivid imagery and metaphors regarding the increase in lynching spurring around. There was not much commotion until Billie Holiday, a jazz singer, took notice. The lyrics she heard inspired her to perform the song in Cafe Society. Strange Fruit, did not only emphasize the difference of treatment but it also demonstrated the type of bond the black communities had held. 

Strange Fruit was one of the main metaphor in Meeropol's song, it compares a dangling fruit to a lynched body. Which is graphically described in the song as a way to give a horrific effect to the audience as to what is actually going on in their grounds. It also raises awareness of the voices of innocent victims who have been silenced and beaten simply because they were born with darker complexion. Additionally, it depicts the hostility and discrimination directed against people who do not meet white people's standards, as well as those who do not support the white supremacy ideology.

This song encourages people to unite together as a community and gain the courage to fight back against racism and the nation’s corrupted system.]]> 2022-05-08 14:21:04 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174445083 Asian Hate Crime (2020 - Present) sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174685400 Asian Hate Crimes gradually increased as America went into a pandemic. The virus was primarily well contained in China, however it ended up spreading worldwide. American citizens as an effect ended up making various assumptions regarding the whole incident. 

Inappropriate comments, mainly about eating local/irregular animals, circulated around the internet. Rumors erupted like wildfire, claiming that Covid-19 was caused by the Chinese eating bats. 

Many people targeted old/young Asians as they are incapable of defending themselves. This alarmed Asian families, who urged them to keep their children at home and many others refused to go out for fear of losing their lives.

These events demonstrated how gullible American citizens actually are and how the present is no different to the past. Other communities continue to be harassed by America, preventing them from feeling safe like a white individual can.]]> 2022-05-08 20:53:49 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174685400 Japanese Concentration Camps (1942 - 1946) sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174686099 After the bombing of Pearl harbor the U.S. told every American with Japanese descent to move to internment camps in order to be monitored.  Although they had done virtually nothing, the white leaders of the US government thought all Japanese people could not be trusted.  The Japanese people were treated poorly and misjudged by society. ]]> 2022-05-08 20:55:27 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174686099 The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911) sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174686189 The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire was a tragic event that claimed the lives of many female employees. Workers at the time were locked up in their working facility, as their managers wanted to prevent the Women Rights Organizations from becoming popular and gaining more supporters within their district. 

With no procedure/safety signs, a fire sparked as a result from indoors smoking.  As the fire spread throughout the building, the workers began panicking and attempted to forcibly open the door. Fire escapes were not safe and disintegrated soon after. Women could not bear the pain of having their flesh burnt off, proceeding to jump off the building despite the floor they were on.

This event brought awareness to the poor working conditions employees had to face. Protests began increasing until factories began enforcing safety regulations and procedures meant to prevent similar events like this from happening.]]> 2022-05-08 20:55:38 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174686189 September 11th, 2001 sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174686382 The September terrorist attack was a massive terrorist attack carried out and formed by the Al-Qaeda.  Prior to the terrorist attacks airport security was minimal.  They barely checked luggage and suitcases and basically only used metal detectors.  After 9/11 the security increased drastically, more metal detectors, more bag checks, luggage checks.  Not only did the amount of checking increased but checking by race also increased.  Muslim people in specific were checked more and were constantly watched in public.  They were hated more even though most Muslim people did nothing.  According to a FBI Anti-Muslimism crime chart after 9/11 the amount of anti-Muslimism hate crimes increased by 500 in just 2001 alone.  After 9/11 the Americans hated Muslims more by a considerable amount.   ]]> 2022-05-08 20:55:59 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174686382 Slums (19th - late 20th centuries) sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174686479 Job opportunities and rights were generally very limited for African American descendants and the use of propaganda decreased their reputation. New generations began seeing their kind as barbaric, savage individuals. Hence it was not uncommon to see black families living in slums. More so many white people did not think black people needed to take baths since they were seen as “filthy” anyway. These slums were often seen as ghettos and places of disgust. No one wanted to live close to those ghettos and were actively trying to suppress and silence the people. ]]> 2022-05-08 20:56:10 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174686479 Dolores Hverta (1930 - Present) & Cesar Chavez (1927 - 1993) sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174686810 Dolores Hverta was an American born latino woman.  At the age of 3 she was already listening to politics as she remembers her father talking about the mining labor union.  She began to adopt her mothers kind and caring characteristics and used those characteristics for civil rights movements.  She grew up in a farm town consistently seeing her classmates come to school without clean clothes, without being properly fed, without having shoes and so much more.  Because of her hispanic descent, her High School was racist towards her.  According to Huerta she received a low grade for copying someone else simply because of her race.  

After gaining her provisional teaching credential she began to begin her lifelong hispanic/farmer's rights movement.  In 1962 Dolores along with Cesar Chavez another very important civil rights activist created the National Farm Workers Association which was made to give the farmers their rights.  The rights were in a response to the horrible working conditions that farmers had to go through.  Both Cesar and Dolores have experienced the gruesome working hours of work.  Farmers had little to no rights, VERY LOW WAGES, they slept on the floor, used boxes as furniture.  Most kids had no education as they were forced to work at an early age.  Most farmers had to migrate to places  where crops were growing in order to get the most amount of revenue possible.

Although Huerta's marches are harmless such as the one shown above, she has been arrested 21 times once again showing how racist the US law  is.  In this situation Huerta is portrayed as a boss to all the people telling them to riot against the economic issues meanwhile she is actually just peacefully protesting those laws.  She was also severely beaten by a police officer in San Francisco during another peaceful protest.  Rather than being harmed by this, she used this as evidence to fight even harder for farm worker's rights.  

Towards the 2000s she began to work on Women's rights movements.  Her practices increased the amount of Women representation inside the local, state, and federal levels.   ]]> 2022-05-08 20:56:47 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174686810 Chinese Exclusion Act (1882 - 1943) sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174686931 With America's economy advancing, new job opportunities were rapidly becoming available to the public. In addition to the increase in job opportunities, a new wave of immigrants set in America. This wave of immigrants created tension among American citizens since the introduction of immigrants created greater competition for job opportunities. Thus the government passed the Exclusion Act to suspend Chinese immigration for ten years and declared Chinese immigrants ineligible for naturalization because Chinese immigrants were a popular ethnic group that provided effective and cheap labor.]]> 2022-05-08 20:57:01 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174686931 Mexico Borders (2020 - Present) sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174687450 The border between Mexico and America is a huge talking point in American politics.  The reason for this is the admission of Mexican people into the United states.  There is a common stereotype of latino people near that border which depicts them all as gang members.  This misconception is most likely made because of the massive drug dealers that come from Mexico such as El Chapo who has a bad reputation inside of the US.  Unfortunately, most Americans don't understand that not everyone coming from Central America is a villain.  This is the reason why the wall was built, to remove the controversy and not allow any more Mexican immigrants to come in and trouble the US. ]]> 2022-05-08 20:58:02 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174687450 Reconstruction Era (1865 - 1877) sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174732039 The Reconstruction Era began after the Civil War. The purpose of this era was so America could focus on rebuilding and improving itself. One of their key objectives was to get the Southern states back into the nation while still protecting black people's rights. As a result, the South had to accept several acts that ensured that African Americans would receive their basic rights. Different approaches and ideas to secure racial equality were also proposed.]]> 2022-05-08 22:34:43 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2174732039 How the Other Half Lives (1890) sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2175687744 In the late 1800s, Riis identified that the living conditions in the tenements within the cities were hazardous. Many tenements had inadequate hygiene because the residents were compacted in minuscule living areas, which catalyzed many disease outbreaks and safety hazards. For instance, Riis’s article reported how a “child is dying with measles. With half a chance it might have lived, but it had none.” Riis highlighted the terrible circumstances the child had to experience within the tenements that the chance of surviving from the measles becomes close to zero. Additionally, the tenement was like a landfill with the fire escapes covered with broken household goods, wash-tubs, and barrels, “over which no man could climb from a fire.” This presented to the people how the tenements were hazardous and inhumane.]]> 2022-05-09 13:21:50 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2175687744 The Life Story of a Chinaman: Lee Chew (1903) sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2175711622 The lines "The food was different from that which I had been used to” demonstrate how homesick Lee Chew is and how tough it is for him to adjust to new customs during his journey. More so he shows his contempt for American citizens by referring to them as barbarians. 

Once he was hired by an American family, he was able to learn the basics of housing cleaning, the current language, and their religion. Lew Chew founded a washing company after assimilating into white society, where he witnessed all aspects of America. Such as street boys breaking their windows, even with the various reports being made about it. There was not much being done about the issue, exposing the injustice that exists inside America's justice system. 

His journey demonstrates how the Chinese were used, and that despite their best efforts to fit in, their presence only increased the tensions between them and American citizens. Even with Lee’s efforts to understand America’s customs and language, he was humiliated and treated as if he did not belong there. This is well supported by his description of the working conditions he had to deal with, which included harsh remarks, fraud, and essentially the risk of losing his job. Americans made their life even more difficult as they soon became envious of the Chinese's favorable characteristics and took over most businesses, leaving them unable to support their families.]]> 2022-05-09 13:34:22 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2175711622 Cold War (1947 - 1991) sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2175734542 After WWII, Russia and America came out of the war as the world's strongest nations. Both sides had minor casualties and losses due to the war. However, with Russia's power, they tried to spread their idea of communism across the world, which America saw as an evil spreading. Their goal was to eliminate the economic conditions in which communism could thrive.

Since the Cold War was not necessarily physical, information was a valuable resource. Russia began sending Russian spies to gather anything that could potentially be used as a threat. Citizens became scared of their surroundings and neighbors, many started reporting one another if they appeared suspicious. All Russians in the US were accused of being spies. Families turned against each other, ratting each other out in hopes they would not get caught or serve their life in prison. This time resulted in the execution of many innocent people. ]]> 2022-05-09 13:46:12 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2175734542 12 Years As A Slave (1853) sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2186706946 12 Years As A Slave was written by Solomon Northup. His book includes the experiences he had to face. He showed how hard African descendants had it during the time of slavery. Books and documents merely provide descriptions, letting their audience use their imagination to fill in the blanks as to what is happening. Causing most audience to belittle the amount of tolerate and terrorism going about. Majority of people believe that they have a decent understanding of the experiences that an enslaved African American had to endure. Although those same people are the ones who underestimate the mental and physical abuse African Americans have had to go through every single day. His book provided an intake on his previous life to the time he was kidnapped. He was forced to go under a fake name, Platt. Despite Solomon explaining how he is a freeman, no one believed him simply because he is black. Without documents to support his claims, there was no one who would be able to give him the justice he deserved. On the other hand, whites did not need documents merely because many just assumed they were free. Solomon was able to witness the inhumane conditions and how white people are seen as superior. Their power out rules them, white people were able to do whatever they please. This includes rape, abuse, killing slaves that do not fit their standards/tend to rebel more than others. The way they are able to kill slaves without hesitation which goes to show how disposable African Americans are to them. Although, the book does depicts multiple types of slave owners since not all slave owners are inherently corrupt. Master Ford for instance, treated Solomon with respect, since Solomon was able to prove how intelligent, talented he was. Despite his skin color, Master Ford allowed Solomon to share his thoughts. Revealing how many just want to live their lives out of debt and succeed in life even if it means using others. Mister Epps too, had shown kindness to most of her slaves expect Patsey. Patsey’s character demonstrates the corruption of America’s social hierarchy and how she can never satisfy both sides. Patsey was Master Epps favorite slave, he used her for pleasure and for profit. This makes Mister Epps gain hatred for Pastey even when she only did what she was supposed to. Overall, this movie demonstrated how a free African Americans ordinary life could be turned upside down in an instant due to the unjust system. ]]> 2022-05-17 01:47:41 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2186706946 Rep. Ilhan Omar, D-Minn. sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2199409053 US representative Ilhan Omar, D-Minn a muslim woman reflected on the racism caused by 9/11.  Mosques which were religious buildings made for the Muslim people to pray were relentlessly attacked and burned down for no reason other than the American's racial intentions.  Ilhan pointed out that Muslim firefighters/workers also lost their lives on that day showing that everyone was equal in the attack.  Every community lost people as a whole and was affected from the situation negatively.  Although the communites were all affected the Muslims were specifically targetted and hated by society.  Hate crimes against Muslims rose 1617% from 2000 to 2001. Immediately after the terrorism the people associated the islamic religion with hate crime and harrased everyone who was islamic. This idea completely contradicted what the religion actually represents which is peace and life. Islamophobia goes as far to affecting the government and all politics. Candidates to the 2008 presidential election tried to say that Obama was islamic/muslim in order to make the American population who were islamophobic to vote against him]]> 2022-05-25 13:44:41 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2199409053 Present Day Racial Terrorism stevenn26 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2202208224 In the current year, 2022 the amount of shootings has increased drastically.  In the United States the 2nd amendment provides each US citizen the right to bear arms.  Due to this amendment almost any citizen can purchase a firearm without any repercussions.  For example, Payton Gendron, the person charged for the Buffalo shooting was able to purchase an AR15 rifle at the age of 18.  He used his firearm to shoot 13 people.  11 out of those 13 people were black showing the shooting was racially motivated.

Other examples of current day racial terrorism was seen in the massive killing of George Floyd.]]> 2022-05-27 13:38:56 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2202208224 Emmett Till sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2202219260 Emmett Till was a 14 years old male, who was brutally beaten for whistling near a white woman. As his family describes what kind of person he is, he appears to be just like any other kid on the block. However, because of his skin color, it was suspected that he would act sinfully.  

During his funeral, photographs from the film were exhibited to show the extent of the horrible assault he had suffered. Compared to Emmett Till before, the pictures after show a completely different person. His face is unrecognizable as it was severely damaged. It is difficult to make out where his facial features were located. 

His parents had filed for a trial and held an open-casket funeral to highlight the unjust punishment that had been inflicted on their son. Despite having all of the evidence necessary to send Emmett Till's murders to prison. They were freed and found not guilty. This reveals the problems of the broken justice system where black people specifically are more likely to end up incarcerated than it is for white people. ]]> 2022-05-27 13:49:13 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2202219260 KKK Survivors sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2202223415 Viola Ellison, Lela Evans, Opal Jackson and Katherine Johnson, four black women were shot in 1980 by KKK memebers.  The women were leaving a nightclub and were searching for a taxi. While waiting for the taxi several KKK members came up and tried to shoot the women.  Luckily all 4 women escaped alive.  For almost 40 years nobody recognized the situation and just disregared it until she spoke up and shared her story in front of hundreds of people.  Her voice is one of the strongest for going against the KKK as she gives direct evidence to the horrors that the clan commits.

Other examples of KKK survivors.https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/09/30/918911837/alabama-gov-apologizes-to-surviving-5th-girl-of-1963-kkk-bombing

Sarah Collins Rudolph another black woman was just 12 at the time of her house being bombed.  She did absolutely nothing and was just targetted because she was black.  Her sister and 3 other young friends died from that bombing and she was greatly harmed.  After all of this for 57 years nobody did anything.  It took Sarah Collins Rudolph 57 years to get some form of amends. The bombers escaped from the whole ordeal unharmed and with no charges. This was one of her primary reasons for going against the KKK. This is one example of how biased the US government/law system is. Even though the KKK killed 4 people they got away with almost no charges as the government was very racist back then.]]> 2022-05-27 13:53:16 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2202223415 Freedom Rides - James Farmer sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2202225591 James Farmer was in charge of the Freedom Ride. Their protests were held to demonstrate how they did not support the idea of segregation. They aimed to lessen the amount of discrimination occurring throughout the period. 

Their protests raised awareness about the existence of racism even after the 13th Amendment was ratified. African Americans and white people protested by riding the bus together. They intended to go from Washington, D.C., to New Orleans but were arrested in Virginia.

After three years, the Supreme Court finally prohibited segregation in public transportation. Demonstrating that citizens can achieve change in their country with great determination and resolve.]]> 2022-05-27 13:55:19 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2202225591 Nikki Nojima Louis sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2202226135 Nikki's interview gives her audience a glimpse of how fast her life changed in a span of one day. She goes into detail about everything she had to witness as a child. Where her father was arrested and she was taken away from her family. 

Many emotions began arising as she did not know what these people would do to her. The conditions were filthy, and the summer heat had taken its toll on most of the people. Even with so many people of her kind there, Nikki couldn't help but feel lonely and lost.

To this day, most of the people who survived had to live their lives suffering from PSTD. This reveals how all the awful memories inflicted upon Nikki and her people can not be easily forgotten. Her experience is something rather difficult to get past. Especially since there was no particular person she could reach out to for help. It is hard to understand why she is the person she is today unless we were forced to go through the same thing she once had to. Speaking on this kind of topic is very nerve-wracking for most people. So the fact that she is able to speak out about her situation goes to show how much she has grown. ]]> 2022-05-27 13:55:53 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2202226135 russian pov sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2202226324 Communism a system derived from Karl Marx in which people are essentially treated the same way.  Social classes are almost completely removed as everyone gets paid based on their skills and what they do.  This completely contrasts to the American system of capitalism where the people are split up into different classes due to their paychecks.  The American people were severly against communism as they all thought that it would bring the end to their nation as shown in the image above.  Because they were so against communist the Americans specifically targetted and silenced all forms of communism inside the United states.  The American people interpreted everything entering the country as communism and then treated them differently.  This made a very hostile environment inside America as each person was judged based on where they were from.

https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/immigration/polish-russian/soviet-exiles/
According to the text shown above any russian who moved into the US during the 1950s and 1970s was considered a non-person. Not only were the russians neglected in society, but the Soviet Union completely neglected all the people and basically removed from history. Inside of Russia no one was allowed to speak to them. Their families were not allowed to speak to the American russians and were not allowed to say their names as it is illegal. The russian-americans have absolutely no rights in both America and the USSR and are just left there to be targetted and silenced.]]> 2022-05-27 13:56:05 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2202226324 asian pov sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2202226568 2022-05-27 13:56:22 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2202226568 mexian pov sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2202226725 2022-05-27 13:56:31 UTC https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2202226725 Jane Bushyhead sandyt9 https://padlet.com/sandyt9/fezifjqdhlmkrj25/wish/2203018360 Jane Bushyhead's letter is a firsthand account of how the removal has affected her and her relatives. Near the beginning of her letter, she states "I have delayed writing to you so long". This can convey how Jane can not anticipate what will happen to her. It reveals how many Native groups had to write letters to their families and friends in fear that they will never hear from them again. She also briefly describes the situation of her family members and the hardships they had to endure. Where her father is oppressed and needs his letter proofread to determine whether it is safe to send.

Additionally due to all the European interaction, her brother became gravely ill. Most Natives did not have immunity to all of the diseases that were spreading; all they could was watch as sickness quickly overcame their people. There was also no medicine or medical care available. Hence in order to continue traveling west, natives were forced to leave their families once they got sick. 


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