https://padlet.com/jcard051_1/fdv6ax1z7972g1g8 en-us 2021-05-06 15:28:08 UTC 2025-10-09 07:19:42 UTC hello@padlet.com jcard051_1 https://padlet.com/jcard051_1/fdv6ax1z7972g1g8/wish/1498746056 In 1885, The Indian National Congress was formed by nationalist elites, who prioritized the formation of a modern Indian nation. 

The British had caused Muslim and Hindu rivalries in attempts to prevent a unified independence movement, and a divide to conquer strategy. In addition, much of South Asia had been involved in WWII on behalf of their colonizers as well as wartime taxes, and the Bengal Famine of 1943. These caused an independence movement in which Mahatma Gandhi peacefully advocated for India to be independent from Britain. He believed that India as a whole could be run by Indian elites in a way that would ease tensions between the Hindu majority and Muslim minority. In contrast, Muhammad Ali Jinnah believed that a unified Indian was artificial, and only obtainable through British Influence. In 1947, after British rule ended in India as they did not have the resources after WWII to maintain colonial rule in India, and the subcontinent partitioned into two independent states: India (Hindu) and Muslim east and west Pakistan (east Pakistan became Bangladesh in 1971). This resulted in around 12 million people being displaced, and there was also violence as people were forced to migrate resulting in over a million deaths. ]]> 2021-05-06 15:40:18 UTC https://padlet.com/jcard051_1/fdv6ax1z7972g1g8/wish/1498746056 jcard051_1 https://padlet.com/jcard051_1/fdv6ax1z7972g1g8/wish/1500820507 Dutch exploited island colonies by requiring all peasants to set aside 1/5 of their land to grow cash crops to export to the Netherlands.The Dutch also did not protect the colonies as they were occupied by Japan for most of WWII . However during this time the Japanese increased a desire for Indonesian nationalism by placing native Indonesians in more positions of power. Indonesia won its independence in 1950 after Dutch attempts to hold on to their colonies after the war. ]]> 2021-05-07 02:09:08 UTC https://padlet.com/jcard051_1/fdv6ax1z7972g1g8/wish/1500820507 jcard051_1 https://padlet.com/jcard051_1/fdv6ax1z7972g1g8/wish/1500900973 1954-1962
In the mid 1900's Algerians began to rise against the french colonial government, who after losing Indochina as a colony, did not want to loose Algeria. France did this by implementing strict laws and violence which increased Algerian nationalism. The Algerian war for Independence began in 1954, led by the National Liberation front who initiated coordinated attacks, setting off explosives to declare war. France fought back, and as the war continued, people in France argued if Algeria should remain a colony or be free from French rule (communist party advocated for Algeria's freedom). In 1958, Algerian president Charles de Gaulle mapped out a plan for independence, which led to the end of the war,

]]> 2021-05-07 02:47:20 UTC https://padlet.com/jcard051_1/fdv6ax1z7972g1g8/wish/1500900973 jcard051_1 https://padlet.com/jcard051_1/fdv6ax1z7972g1g8/wish/1503496862 Early 1900's: The region of Israel Palestine was under Ottoman control. There was a developing Palestinian nationalism as well as Zionist support. Jews saw the region of Israel Palestine as a chance at safety as well as a state for their nation. A huge migration of European Jews to Palestine in the late 1800's through early 1900's  came as a result. After the collapse of the Ottoman empire in WWI, Britain and France divided up the Middle East, Palestine would be under British Influence until 1948. As more Jews arrived, tensions between Arabs and Jews escalated, and Britain ended up limiting Jewish immigration by the 1930's. In response, Jewish militias formed to fight Arabs and resist British rule. The Holocaust left many more European Jews looking to flee, as well as an increased support for a Jewish state. In 1947, the UN divided British Palestine into two separate states, Israel being for Jews, and Palestine for Arabs, with Jerusalem existing as an international zone, due to the holy sites. Arabs opposed to this plan as they saw it as European colonialism trying to gain more land., and declared war in 1948(Arab-Israeli War) to create a unified Palestine without British influence. Israel won the war, expanded past the borders put in place by the UN, including taking the western half of Jerusalem. They also took much of the land that was supposed to be Palestine, and expelled large amounts of Palestinians from their homes, forming a huge refugee population. This started the conflict, and cause Jews in Arab majority countries to emigrate or were expelled. In 1967, the Six-Day War was fought between Israel and neighboring Arab states which resulted in Israel gaining the Golan Heights from Syria, the West Bank from Jordan, as well as Sinai and Gaza from Egypt (this meant Israel had control over all of the Palestinian territories, including all of Jerusalem).  In 1978, Israel gave Sinai by to Egypt as part of the peace treaty following the signing of the U.S. broker Camp David Accords. Over the next few decades, Arab states gradually made peace with Israel, however the conflict would continue as Israeli forces would prevent Palestine becoming a unified state. 

]]> 2021-05-07 17:59:42 UTC https://padlet.com/jcard051_1/fdv6ax1z7972g1g8/wish/1503496862 jcard051_1 https://padlet.com/jcard051_1/fdv6ax1z7972g1g8/wish/1504268334 Included Senegal, Niger, Ivory Coast, Mali, Guinea

France had ruled colonies in West Africa since the 1800's, and in doing so maintained dominance by relying on relationships with local governments and chiefs. However, when these relationships failed, and France could no longer hold power, they negotiate independence in most of their previously colonized nations by 1959. ]]> 2021-05-07 22:55:45 UTC https://padlet.com/jcard051_1/fdv6ax1z7972g1g8/wish/1504268334 jcard051_1 https://padlet.com/jcard051_1/fdv6ax1z7972g1g8/wish/1504276417 The nation of Ghana was Born in 1957. Ghana (Gold Coast) was a former British colony, and had its first president,Kwame Nkrumah who was a Nationalistic leader who wanted to creation nation pride, similarly to America and Europe. He used monuments, flags, and an anthem to signify Ghana's glory. ]]> 2021-05-07 23:02:38 UTC https://padlet.com/jcard051_1/fdv6ax1z7972g1g8/wish/1504276417 jcard051_1 https://padlet.com/jcard051_1/fdv6ax1z7972g1g8/wish/1504310309 After WWII, France no longer occupied Vietnam as a colony, however, France came back to occupy the southern portion (the north was established under Ho Chi Minh, and was communist). Ho Chi Minh wanted to get France out of Vietnam entirely, and have Vietnam unite under a communist government. He initiated the Vietnamese War for Independence (ended in 1954) which resulted in two separate countries: North Vietnam, and South Vietnam. ]]> 2021-05-07 23:30:44 UTC https://padlet.com/jcard051_1/fdv6ax1z7972g1g8/wish/1504310309 jcard051_1 https://padlet.com/jcard051_1/fdv6ax1z7972g1g8/wish/1504321140 Although Egypt had been an independent nation since 1922, British troops had remained stationed in Egypt to protect their commercial interests (Suez Canal). After WWII, Gernal Gamal Abdel Nasser led an overthrow of the Egyptian king in order to establish the Republic of Egypt. He was socialist, and wanted to nationalized the Suez Canal despite having leased it to the French, as well as British troops remaining stationed there (he viewed it as colonial oppression). It led to the Suez Crisis in 1956 because France got their ally Israel to invade Egypt when they heard about the declaration to nationalize the canal. Britain and France sent troops to the land surrounding the canal, and the UN made the Suez Canal an international waterway still under the sovereignty of Egypt as a result. ]]> 2021-05-07 23:39:45 UTC https://padlet.com/jcard051_1/fdv6ax1z7972g1g8/wish/1504321140