The author uses language to describe the tribalism that pervades almost every aspect of Nigerian society. The favors that are given on the basis of language, like the white journalist getting a lower price for directions to the abandoned house due to his ability to speak pidgin, show how much of an advantage people give to their own. This is ignoring the fact that Yoruba dominate Lagos state.

Pidgin is often seen as a language for the working-class youth of Nigeria. Given this it is no surprise that many of the characters in the Lagos underbelly, like the gangs Fineboy hangs out with or the “owners” of the bridge, speak pidgin. 

The author shows how traditionally persecuted Igbo like Isoken are marginalized and isolated by wider society upon their arrival in primarily Yoruba Lagos. Multiple people comment on the linguistic origin of Isoken’s name with Oma repeatedly mispronouncing it.

The reader is more aware of the thoughts and feelings of characters that are not outwardly expressive or extroverted like Yemi, while also giving nuance to damaged relationships like that of Fineboy and Isoken

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The use of language makes the novel feel very hectic. There are numerous languages being spoken, from Yoruba, to Igbo, to Pidgin and interpreting and understanding all of them immerses the reader in the world of the nove.

The use of dialogue in this way is no more evident than in the relationship between Isoken and Fineboy. The dialogue between them goes from short, curt and hostile to more elaborate but still lacking the familial warmth present in many other relationships in the book

Many of the characters that speak English are seen as upper class, members of a gentrified and isolated society that is more British than Nigerian and thus whiter.

The use of the editorials from the Nigerian Journal provides a philosophical answer to the question of why so many Nigerians permit corruption:

“It is my belief that the corrupt in this country exist because of the goodwill, support and cooperation of large segments of the population. It is alright to be a thief, as long as one is a thief who shares.”

Welcome to Lagos in contrast to other African literature is almost insular in its portrayals of Nigerian culture. Its use of language, customs and references to historical events is best understood by Nigerians by design because this book is unabashed in its attitude and thoughts about many issues present in Nigerian society.

The author uses descriptive language to depict the setting and atmosphere of Lagos. When reading you can imagine how it might look, smell, feel or even taste like when you're in Lagos. In addition the flow of information she provides us gives us the impression that their is a lot going on and that things are chaotic.

2. How does the use of Nigerian Pidgin English and other languages contribute to the characterisation of the main characters?

The use of Pidgin English in the book was during serious and important conversations. It adds more realism to the story connecting thoughts who can understand but also making others feel excluded. In my opinion, the use of Nigerian Pidgin English created a greater bond between the main characters as they could express themselves a bit better when they used that language. 

3. How does the author use language to highlight the cultural differences between the characters?

The other uses different scenes to highlight cultural barrios between the characters. For example we understand how Oma plays a crucial role as a so called house wife which is not a position that Chike is very happy about. So sometimes he feels bad in situations and wants to help Oma but is denied because she finds it her responsibilities to play that role and her culture blokes her off. 
  
4. How does the use of different narrative perspectives affect the reader's understanding of the story and the characters?

It opens up the reader to view the different themes and contexts of the story from multiple perspectives. At times it can be a bit confusing but if you get the general content you would be able to engulf parts of the story in the way that you would understand. 

5. How does the author use metaphor and other literary devices to convey the themes of the novel?

In the book the author uses different literary devices to express how different themes are seem in the day to day life of Lagos or Nigeria in general. When looking at chapter 12 of the book the author uses pun to showcases how children are treated when things are chaotic. It states that, "Women were carrying babies and smacking children that strayed too far from the family group." When using the word smack it sounds a bit less brutal and a bit funny than using slap. This also tells us that smacking children is a usual thing and thing serious because it happens a lot, even in the smallest situations.

6. How does the use of language contribute to the overall tone and mood of the novel?

The use of language adds the overall tone and mood of the novel because it can create personal connections between characters or even the reader increasing the stories tension. An example as mentioned, "The girl took the bottle from Yemi and poured the water down her throat without pause for breath…" The use of hyperbole in chapter 12 justifies this because the use of an exaggerated statement forms the ironic tone in ones mind when reading.   
 
7. How does the author use dialogue to reveal character development and relationships between characters?

The author uses dialogue to reveal character development and relationships between characters throw the use of tone, mood express by the characters and at times even their actions that are described. Their are a few scene in the book where the writer explains the thoughts of some of the male characters and how they where sexually attracted to some the female characters in some from. 
 
8. How does the use of English as a colonial language impact the way in which the characters communicate with each other?

It makes the feel like they have moved up a class in terms of wealth and that they are more educated depending on the accent of english that they speak. When they speak another language it seems more relaxed and are open to expressing things they usually wouldn't state in english because they feel like they can't be understood by everyone around them.

9. How does the author use language to address issues of social inequality and political corruption in Nigeria?

He uses quotations from so called articles before a chapter to introduce the reader about a day to day issue that is happening in Lagos, Nigeria before continuing the story that then becomes a Juxtaposition. 

10. How does the use of language in Welcome to Lagos compare to other contemporary African literature?

According to an article from the University of Malawi it states that "Welcome to Lagos" is often described as vivid and evocative, with the author using a mix of standard English and Nigerian Pidgin English to create a unique style and voice for the novel. This use of language is somewhat similar to other contemporary African literature, such as Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's "Half of a Yellow Sun" and "Americanah", which also use a blend of standard English and Nigerian English to create a distinctive voice for the characters and setting. However, the use of Nigerian Pidgin English in "Welcome to Lagos" is more pronounced and pervasive, which sets it apart from other contemporary African literature that tend to use a more standard form of English.

2.The use of Nigerian Pidgin English and other languages contribute to the characterization of the main characters by enabling the reader of the novel to gain more understanding and to know more about the main characters and their backgrounds due to the fact that it keeps the main characters in some sort of light spot. 

3.The Author uses language to highlight the cultural differences between the characters by making the reader know the background of each character in terms of value, tradition, customs etc.

4.The use of different perspectives affect the reader’s understanding by enabling the reader to see characters from the different views and with different understanding in the story.

5.The Author uses metaphors and other literary devices to convey the themes of the novel so as to help the reader of the novel to picture and understand different themes in the novel through the use of figurative language example, Poverty.

6.The use of language contributes to the overall tone and mood of the novel by portraying the emotions and feelings of the Author  

7.The Author uses dialogue to reveal character development and relationships between the characters because it can show conflict, misunderstanding or even love between different characters which helps the reader to catch up.

8.The use of English as a colonial language can impact the way in which characters communicate with each other because it may symbolize different classes of people in the society and also show a sense of colonialism which is still ongoing in Nigeria.

9.The Author uses language to address issues of social inequality and political corruption in Nigeria through different dialogues which portray how leaders are corrupt and only care about their personal things.

10.The use of language in welcome to Lagos compared to other contemporary African literature differ in terms of themes and lessons or what the Author wants to portray to a particular society or sometimes maybe the same.

2. The author uses language to highlight the cultural differences to portray characters in separate ways and with one of them being: Vocabulary

For example The author hires terms like " Broda" and " Bros" to indicate Chike and fineboy share a common cultural background when they first meet with fineboy being a former militant from niger delta. 

3. It allows the reader to gain a deeper understanding of the story and its character. Chike, Yemi, Isoken, Fineboy, and Oma are just a few of the characters whose perspectives are used to tell the story. Each character offers a distinct viewpoint on the events that take place in the book, providing the reader with a more complete image of Lagos and the various perspectives of its citizens. For example, chike's perspective provides insight into the struggles faced by Niger delta militants to fight for justice. 

4. demonstrates cultural identity: The work emphasizes the diversity of Nigerian culture and identity by using regional languages like Yoruba, Igbo, and Hausa. Additionally, it demonstrates the characters' cultural self-identification and connections with others.
Power dynamics are shown by the use of pidgin English in discussions between characters with various social strata and educational backgrounds. For instance, it demonstrates Chike's attempts to connect with Fineboy, who is less educated and from a different social background, when Chike and Fineboy talk pidgin.

5.

The author uses language to narrate what it’s like to live in Lagos, Nigeria. The descriptive language that the author uses helps paint a picture in the reader's head and give them a feel of what living in Lagos is like. 

Nigerian Pidgin English was used when the main characters were having conversations with themselves or other characters. This gives the reader a feel of what a conversation between the main characters would be like and how they are actually Nigerian because of how they speak. 

The author uses dialogues between the characters to highlight the cultural differences between the characters. The character Fineboy uses a lot of pidgin english which shows that he is more intact and close to his culture but the character Chike seldomly uses pidgin english which indicates that he is not as intact with his culture and affected more by western culture. 

The use of different narrative perspectives imitates different and new themes of the story from a different character's point of view. 

The author uses metaphor and other literary devices to convey the themes of the novel by talking about the conflicts and hardships the characters face throughout the course of the book. The uses metaphors and similes to compare the real life situations of what’s going on in Nigeria to what some of the characters are going through. 

The use of language contributes to the overall tone and mood of the novel through the different literary devices that the author uses. The author uses different literary devices depending on what is going on in the novel. The use of these literary devices contributes to the overall tone and mood of the novel. 

The author uses dialogue to reveal character development and relationships between characters by using tone. The author uses different tones depending on the conversations that the different characters are using. For example Chike and Isoken, you can tell that Isoken has no problem talking to Chike and this translates to them having a calm relaxed relationship as opposed to the tone that Isoken is depicted to have when she’s talking to Fineboy showing how they don’t have a good relationship throughout the novel. 

The use of English as a colonial language is used to show the different “authority” levels that the characters have over each other. The ones that speak English seem to have more authority over the ones that don’t speak as fluent English but rather a mix of English and pidgin.

The author uses language to address issues of social inequality and political corruption in Nigeria through the snippets from the Nigerian Journal Newspaper that talks about the social inequalities and political corruption in the country. 

The use of language in Welcome to Lagos compares to other contemporary African literature via the dialect used throughout the novel. The dialect (pidgin English) used in the novel is native to Africa more specifically Nigeria. 

How does the use of Nigerian pidgin English and other languages contribute to the characterization of the main characters?

How does the author use language to highlight the cultural differences between the characters?

How does the use of different narrative perspectives affect the reader’s understanding of the story and the characters?

How does the author use metaphor and other literary devices to convey the themes of the novel?

How does the use of language contribute to the overall tone and mode of the novel?

How does the author use dialogue to reveal character development and relationships between characters?

How does the use of English as a colonial language impact the way in which characters communicate with each other?

How does the author use language to address issues of social inequality and political corruption in Nigeria?

How does the use of language in Welcome to Lagos compare to other contemporary African literature?

5. How does the author use metaphor and other literary devices to convey the themes of the novel?

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8. How does the use of English as a colonial language impact the way in which the characters communicate with each other?

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The author uses language to address issues of social inequality and political corruption by having the more tribal languages like (yoruba, igbo and pidgin) be spoken by people with low statuses to show that it is not “good enough” to be used among the higher class. Then regarding political corruption different leaders would speak in other of the above languages in meetings and this is because the people in power majority of them speak those languages.

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The Author uses straightforward ,descriptive and in detail language to describe the setting in Lagos, Nigeria. From the people to the environment he was extremely thorough when it came to depicting/ illustrating the very atmosphere of Lagos. Reading the book gave me a sense of what Lagos smells like, how it's very busy and all over the place.

2. How does the use of Nigerian Pidgin English and other languages contribute to the characterization of the main characters?

Pidgin English is a commonly used language in Nigeria especially between locals and work mates, it has been referred to as the language of the “ uneducated” and has made a lot of conversations easier and added a lot of practicalness/realness when reading the book. It was also used in very important discussions in the book.

3. How does the author use language to highlight the cultural differences between the characters?

The author uses different perspectives and scenes to showcase the different cultural backgrounds of the characters. A few of the characters such as fineboy who uses a lot pidgin english and small things such as Isokens accent, can show you how close a character is to their cultural background

4. How does the use of different narrative perspectives affect the reader's understanding of the story and the characters?

 Different points of view when it comes to reading are a very important element of storytelling. Different narrative perspectives give different levels of access to the way multiple characters think,feel act in different situations and environments, their thoughts and experiences,which can make readers feel some sort empathy towards them

5. How does the author use metaphor and other literary devices to convey the themes of the novel?

The author uses metaphorical phrases to express the novels ,main themes and ideas,and uses literary devices such as similes to further expand on different things such as the setting (Lagos) and give readers a more realistic “feel” of the emvinronment

6. How does the use of language contribute to the overall tone and mood of the novel?

The way the author uses language ,from their choice of words to sentence structure, all contribute to the way the readers will perceive the way a specific character is feeling and can affect how us as readers experience the story eg with yemi and fineboy, their tone,accent and the way they use pidgin english really showcases that they are both closely connected to their cultural background

7. How does the author use dialogue to reveal character development and relationships between characters?

The author uses the dialogue to reveal character development and relationships between characters through their tone and the topics discussed. This helps the reader to learn more about the characters’ personalities

8. How does the use of English as a colonial language impact the way in which the characters communicate with each other?

The use of English as a colonial language impacts the way in which the characters communicate with each other because the characters that are more familiar with english are at an advantage because they seem more educated, this also created a rift or a separation between the characters whereas those that are fluent in english are seen as superior compared to those those that mix english with pidgin english

9. How does the author use language to address issues of social inequality and political corruption in Nigeria?

The use of language to address issues of social inequality and political corruption in Nigeria is evident through the excerpts from the Nigerian Journal Newspaper that are shown at the beginning of the chapters, these excerpts discuss the topics of social inequality as well as political corruption.

10. How does the use of language in Welcome to Lagos compare to other contemporary African literature?

Unlike other contemporary African literature, Welcome to Lagos includes languages other than English such as Pidgin English, Igbo and Yoruba to incorporate the idea of culture and embrace the setting of the novel. The use of different languages is also used to emphasize the different themes in the novel as well as the injustice faced because of speaking different languages.

The author gives each character their own way of speaking the language. Making everyone unique in the way that they use their language. Additionally, different characters speak different languages that relate more to their personal culture. This provides the reader with context to the character's background, characteristics, and ambitions. For example, fine boy can speak in an American accent whilst Chike speaks Yoruba. FIne boy can speak in an American accent because he is a big part of the hustling culture, and as this culture is mainly made up of young people who find America to be one of the coolest places on earth, this provides fine boy with the upper hand on the street.

4. How does the use of different narrative perspectives affect the reader's understanding of the story and the characters?
The use of different narratives is one factor that makes the book unique and special. Since there is not only one main character in the book, different narratives help the reader to connect and understand each individual character better. The different narratives help us recognize the perspectives of other characters and the where about throughout the story.

5. How does the author use metaphor and other literary devices to convey the themes of the novel?
The author uses many different literary devices in order to bring the book to life and make it interesting. One of the most prominent metaphors is the idea of Lagos being the "city of dreams". Which paints the city as a place of opportunity and new beginnings.

6. How does the use of language contribute to the overall tone and mood of the novel?

The use of language throughout the book creates a more personal connection with the storyline. The use of different local languages makes the tone of the book more relaxed and less professional. The use of language also sets the tone of Lagos, the local languages paint Lagos as a relaxed city where you are not required to speak professional English, but slang is widely used.

7. How does the author use dialogue to reveal character development and relationships between characters?

The author uses dialogue to showcase the character's background, ambitions, desires, and struggles. When there is a dialogue between two or more characters in the book, the characters are talking to each other on a personal level, allowing them to express their struggles to each other, which can help us understand their struggles.


8. How does the use of English as a colonial language impact the way in which the characters communicate with each other?

The characters in the book seem more distant from the English language than from their local language or pidgin English. However, almost everyone in the country still speaks English. This shows the effect of colonialism. Additionally, the characters are hesitant to talk to strangers in their own language as it is more personal to them and they will not speak t with everyone. For example, Chike to Oma.

9.  How does the author use language to address issues of social inequality and political corruption in Nigeria? 

The author addresses different social and political problems by representing certain classes with certain languages or accents. For example, an American accent is respected and thought of as cool, whilst normal Nigerian pidgin English is just casual street talk.

10. How does the use of language in Welcome to Lagos compare to other contemporary African literature?
The novel is pretty distinguished in comparison to other African literature due to its extensive use of Nigerian pidgin English. This use of language is also seen by other African authors such as Chinua Achebe, Wole Soyinka, and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. Another notable feature of the novel is its use of various narratives, this feature is also used by other contemporary African authors such as Ayobami Adebayo.

The author uses a specific method to describe Lagos, by using different characters to describe different features of Lagos and the people in it, for example in the midsection of the book the author uses Fineboy to explain the personality of the city, especially the poorer parts of Lagos, whereas someone like Ahmed is used to give a contrast of Nigeria to the UK.

2. How does the use of Nigerian Pidgin English and other languages contribute to the characterisation of the main characters? 

The use of Nigerian Pidgin English and even other languages showed that people have different levels of education and intellectuality. Where some are well educated like Isoken or Ahmed and even Fineboy to an extent, use properly formed if not escalated forms of English phrases whereas people like Yemi were less educated and therefore did not use proper English to communicate, and most of the book did not communicate, apart from the occasional comment here and there when he was addressed or giving his opinion he did not speak much, another example of people who have had a lower form of education and display it by using more Nigerian Pidgin English and Yoruba is the chairman who is in charge of those who live under the bridge.

3. How does the author use language to highlight the cultural differences between the characters?

Some highlight of language difference is when Isoken uses large biological terms to explain certain aspects of the body and other organisms, to show that she has a high education level and wants to continue it if she can, which she actually loses a lot of hope for when start living in the bunker before Chef Sandayo shows up and is put under house arrest and his money is being distributed. 

4. How does the use of different narrative perspectives affect the reader's understanding of the story and the characters?

It helps the reader understand different aspects of the story by understanding the people's lives. In the beginning, we learn about the various characters in depth, like Ahmed and Chef Sandayo, we learn about them and their families without necessarily understanding what they have to do with the story, but as the story progresses each one that has been separately explored is found by Isoken, Oma, Yemi, Fineboy and Chike. 

5. How does the author use metaphor and other literary devices to convey the themes of the novel?

The use of metaphors is slightly less used in the book but the use of Oxymorons is more commonly found to describe the state of a place or the people within that place, as well as the use of Irony to make the story more enjoyable, so people want to know more about the characters and what may happen to them after a certain incident happens.

6. How does the use of language contribute to the overall tone and mood of the novel?

The use of a slightly mellow tone and a very vast use of language, from English to Igbo. the use of different languages and tones the reader connects with certain characters more than others, and agrees with their experiences more than others. This can create a very bias over all opinions from many different cultures that may read this book, for example, if you gave this book to a person who grew up in Lagos or Nigeria as a whole you would find that they would relate more with maybe Yemi, or Chike or even Oma, who have separate but similar experiences in the sense that they all live in Nigeria, and didn't leave for a very long time due to there privileges, where chike may have travelled on a plane one or twice, Yemi doesn't know what a plane is like, what its like to be on the inside and go to a whole different country. 

7. How does the author use dialogue to reveal character development and relationships between characters?

The author uses information stated within their individual analysis chapters that may even have been forgotten by the reader to explain what happens later on in the book, for instance, a lot of the characters from the midsection of the book “ II Monday Morning in Lagos” is put together with the 5 that are the main characters and they all end up together and help each other get to a better place in the end.

8. How does the use of English as a colonial language impact the way in which the characters communicate with each other?

It does not affect all the main characters within the book, for instance, Isoken, Chike, Fineboy and Ahmed have no problem understanding each other as well as those who are equally if not more intellectually developed because they are well educated and understand the standard language of English. Others like Yemi or the Chairman have issues understanding and speaking the language because they are poorly educated and do not have much experience speaking the language and more experience speaking Yenagoan or Igbo than English. This affects the characters’ communication to a certain extent when it comes to people outside of the circle of Nigerians because not everybody can understand Nigerian pidgin English, whereas those in Nigeria like the main characters and others have experience speaking and understanding the language because they have lived in the country there entire lives.

9. How does the author use language to address issues of social inequality and political corruption in Nigeria?

In the second section of chapter seventeen, we see corruption at its finest, when the 5 main characters are trying to find a place to sleep, under the bridge, and they have to talk to the chairman before they sleep there so that they can also get some added security so that they are not robbed. The use of a corrupt strategy to get a place to sleep at a much cheaper price than what is originally offered is a good example of corruption in the book and in real life, not only in Nigeria but also in other countries around the world.

10. How does the use of language in Welcome to Lagos compare to other contemporary African literature?

Welcome to Lagos compared to other contemporary African literature has its similarities and it has its differences. The similarities are that the countries' policies are the same so the way the book is written is according to said policies from the experience of the author. Now the differences are that the book is written with made-up characters but in a real world, in which real corruption-induced ways and even some real experiences input into a fictional character, whereas many other Contemporary African literature is based on true stories and thus has a more real conclusion if the story is still not going on today.

7. How does the author use dialog to reveal character development and relationships between characters?

8. How does the use of English as a colonial language impact the way in which the characters communicate with each other? 

9. How does the author use language to address issues of social inequality and political corruption in Nigeria? 

10. How does the use of language in Welcome to Lagos compare to other contemporary African literature?