What are their main elements?

Grammatical aspect

1. Perfective: Views the event as a complete whole.

2. Imperfective: Views the event as ongoing, continuous, or habitual.

3. Progressive: Focusses on an event in progress.

4. Habitual: Recurring actions.

5. Perfect: A past event with present relevance.

Lexical aspect

1. States: Static, no inherent change; atelic and durative.

2. Activities: Dynamic, ongoing processes with no endpoint; atelic and durative.

3. Accomplishemnts: Processes leading toward a natural endpoint; telic and durative.

4. Achievements: Instantaneous event with natural endpoints; telic and punctual.

5. Telicity: Does the event have a natural endpoint?

6. Durativity: Does the event extend over time or occur instantly?

7. Dynamism: Is the situation static or does it involve change?

What are their differences?

Lexical aspect comes from the inherent meaning of the verb. Grammatical aspect depends on how the speaker chooses to present the action/event.

How do they connect?

They work together to give full meaning to a sentence. Lexical aspect gives the type of action while grammatical aspect shows how we see it.