1. Azki Izzur R.

2. Hisyam Amier M.

3. Diana Inayatul F.

4. Rey Ardella R.

How relevant Aristotle, Copernicus, and Kepler in today situation and impact to English Language Education?

1. Aristotle taught us to observe carefully and reason logically, which in English education relates to analyzing language and learning patterns. Copernicus showed the importance of questioning old beliefs and embracing new methods, inspiring innovation in teaching. Kepler combined theory, observation, and calculation, reminding us to integrate different approaches for more accurate and holistic learning. Together, they encourage critical thinking, openness, and evidence-based practice in English language education today.

2. Aristotle, Copernicus, and Kepler all played big roles in shaping science. Aristotle taught us to observe carefully and explain things with logic. Copernicus showed that we should not just follow old beliefs but be brave to offer new ideas, like his Sun-centered model. Kepler proved that we can use math to describe how nature works, as he explained the movement of planets. Together, they remind us to watch closely, question what we know, and test ideas with clear evidence.

3. Previous scientists laid the foundational approach for us in seeing the reality in our world and various way to obtain the results. Aristotle emphasises his study through observation, which then, in our field, we also conducted many designs using this kind of approach. Then Copernicus focused his study using mathematical measurement; in our field this study can be related to the quantitative approach. Lastly Kepler see the world through the combination of each approach, combining the theory, the calculation, and the reasoning behind it. Through Kepler's view, we can imply the mixed-method approach using the triangulation to ensure a precise result of our assumptions.

4. Today, Aristotle, Copernicus, and Kepler are still relevant, even in the ELE. Their impact on the ELE is that Aristotle taught about balance and ethics. Copernicus taught that we must rethink old methods that we've learned before and try new ones, such as technology in the ELE. Kepler, on the other hand, emphasized the learning process, which is a trial and error in the process of ELE. This encourages teachers to reflect and improve. Essentially, all three are relevant in making the ELE ethical, innovative, and flexible.

1. Aurelia Putri W - 250221834757

2. Shofi Hikmatul Muna 250221830760

3. Dessy Fitriana Putri Pratama 220221605311

Aristotle, Copernicus and Kepler's ideas for today's situation are very relevant. Aristotle has his own critical thinking through observation. And Copernicus is questioning the previous beliefs and tries to calculate. Kepler found the pattern and tried to give reasoning (triangulation). So, in this education now is trying to inspire us to have critical thinking, challenge the previous methods, and try to find patterns so that we can know the truth.

And also for the impact on ELE based on their way of reasoning is that encourages students to analyze texts, arguments, and grammar. The evidences that we can conclude are; choosing “I have eaten” over “I eat” in context. Copernicus showed the value of challenging tradition with evidence, inspiring a shift from teacher-centered to student-centered learning where learners actively explore and test ideas. Kepler demonstrated that knowledge grows through observation, hypothesis, and revision, mirroring how students learn English by practicing, receiving feedback, and improving over time.

Moh. Bastuta Shomad Al-ilmi (250221830691)

Fatimah Nur Hikmah (250221826589)

Siwi Lestari (250221817386)

In today's situation, we think that their works are mainly relevant to the quantitative methodology, as their work speaks about the use of observation. Aristotle’s emphasis on logic and structured thinking supports critical reasoning and effective communication skills. Copernicus’ revolutionary approach encourages openness to innovation and new teaching technologies. Kepler’s focus on observation and evidence underpins the use of data-driven, research-based teaching methods. Together, these philosophers inspire an educational approach that combines critical analysis, creativity, and empirical evidence to enhance language learning. Their philosophies contribute to developing learners' linguistic proficiency and higher-order thinking skills essential for success in today’s globalized world.

Example in ELE: Measuring students' English profeciency specifically Speaking Skill using Instrument usingLlikert Scale Observation Checklist

Andi Nur Hafidzah A. Qashas (250221817449)

- Sayyidah Salsabila Mahda Anjaliyyah (220221604766)

- Rahma Dian Pradikta (250221830530)

It is relevant that Aristotle’s holistic approach to education is reflected in his pedagogical method. He emphasized the importance of personalized instruction, active engagement, and the development of practical wisdom. These themes still endure in educational discourse today. Aristotle also believed that genuine learning requires integrating theoretical knowledge with practical application. Understanding cannot arise from abstract contemplation alone. We must first get hands-on experience. Nowadays, it still implemented in English Language Education by applying Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving Skills in teaching and learning activities.

Likewise, Copernicus’s philosophy is still relevant today and in ELE because it highlights the importance of questioning tradition and embracing new perspectives. In today’s context, this means shifting from teacher-centered methods to student-centered, communicative, and technology-enhanced approaches. Just as Copernicus sparked a paradigm shift in science, ELE encourages students to think critically. By placing students at the center of the learning process, teachers need to encourage greater participation, interaction, and engagement.

Similarly, Kepler’s discovery of the mathematical laws of planetary motion, which showed that nature follows predictable patterns, is also relevant to language education. In ELE, teachers analyze patterns in learners’ progress and errors, which helps them anticipate difficulties, provide targeted feedback, and design more effective instruction. Together, the ideas of Aristotle, Copernicus, and Kepler highlight the enduring relevance of observation, paradigm shifts, and recognition of patterns in guiding English Language Education today.

2. Addina Silky Nuriyah (250221830789)

3. Saffanatus Syarifah (250221830852)

4. Tazkia Zahra Bukhori (250221830687)

based on our discussion, those ideas are very important and relevant. Because their scientific revolutions kick-started our ways of doing research, strategy and scientific methods. For example, Aristotle proposed that something can occur naturally without any empirical evidence needed. it is proven through his theory of the occurrence of heaven. Apart from that, Copernicus stated that every phenomenon is governed by a certain methodology, such as observation, adopted in today's research instruments. The two previous assumptions, then, are revised by Kepler's philosophical approach, seeing that every case exists within a particular reason, such as a theoretical concept of knowledge accompanied by its basic principle in the current era.

Aristotle

Aristotle in education is still significant. He emphasized the importance of observation and classification, which are crucial in understanding how students learn and developing effective teaching methods. In modern education, teachers use observation to assess students' strengths and weaknesses, tailoring their approach to meet individual needs. His method of categorizing knowledge also influences how we structure and organize learning, helping us break down complex topics into manageable parts. So, Aristotle's contributions are still shaping how we observe, understand, and teach in today's classrooms.

Copernicus

Copernicus's ideas inspire inquiry-based learning in English Language Education (ELE), as evident in the use of the inquiry learning cycle to foster critical questioning and learner autonomy. in an ELE classroom, students may be encouraged to investigate global issues, such as environmental conservation, from multiple perspectives (e.g., farmers, conservationists, policymakers), promoting problem-solving and discussion rather than memorizing facts.

Johannes Kepler

Kepler demonstrates how patterns, order, and evidence can explain complexity. from these ideas, encourage the study of language as a system with patterns (grammar, syntax, phonology).

Nila Husnul Aribah (250221830914)

Benny Dele Bintang Ananta (250221826577)

Aristotle, Copernicus, and Kepler offer timeless insights that remain relevant to English Language Education (ELE). Aristotle’s view that knowledge begins with observation supports experiential and inductive approaches, where learners gain communicative competence by observing authentic language use, noticing patterns, and gradually internalizing rules through meaningful exposure. Copernicus’s heliocentric revolution reminds educators and learners to challenge outdated, teacher-centered methods and embrace innovative, learner-centered strategies such as technology integration, blended learning, and communicative approaches to keep teaching effective. Kepler’s belief in underlying order within apparent chaos encourages teachers to present English as a harmonious system of patterns, linking morphology, syntax, and prosody,so that students see language as a coherent design to explore rather than a list of rules to memorize. Together, these thinkers inspire ELE to be experiential, innovative, and pattern-oriented, transforming language learning into a process of discovery and engagement.

2. Addina Silky Nuriyah (250221830789)

3. Saffanatus Syarifah (250221830852)

4. Tazkia Zahra Bukhori (250221830687)

The contributions of Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, and Watson & Crick have greatly influenced today's scientific understanding and indirectly shaped approaches in ELT. Galileo and Newton emphasize observation, experimentation, and logical reasoning, which remind teachers to promote critical thinking and evidence-based learning in the language classroom. Apart from that, Galileo’s contribution in experimentations and mathematics stands to help nowadays’ researchers, especially in quantitative trajectories to always implement data-driven method, so that everything resulted from it is measurable and valid.

Besides, Darwin's theory of evolution highlights adaptation, inspiring ELT to embrace learner diversity and differentiated instruction. Meanwhile, Watson and Crick's discovery of DNA illustrates the importance of collaboration and innovation, encouraging group work and creative problem-solving in language learning. Altogether, these scientists teach us that inquiry, adaptation, and cooperation are essential for effective teaching and learning today.

Moh. Bastuta Shomad Al-ilmi (250221830691)

Fatimah Nur Hikmah (250221826589)

Siwi Lestari (250221817386)

1. Galileo: Galileo's way of research in relation for ELT refers to further testing like an additional interview or another cycle of experiment.

2. Newton: Newton's way of science in relation to ELT presents a universal law gained from the finding, to be applied to other related subject or phenomenon.

3. ⁠Darwin: conducted his research by collecting a wide range of data and looking at variation over time. This approach is useful for ELT because teaching also requires adaptation. Teachers can learn from Darwin's research style by adjusting methods to fit learners' needs, contexts, and cultural backgrounds. Just as Darwin's research valued change and diversity, ELT benefits when teachers are flexible and responsive to different classrooms.

4. ⁠James Watson and Francis Crick: approached research by looking for hidden structures and working collaboratively. Their way of research involved analyzing patterns, building models, and refining ideas through teamwork. This approach connects to ELT because language also has patterns and structures that learners must uncover, and teaching is often more effective when done collaboratively, whether between teachers or between students.

- Andi Nur Hafidzah A. Qashas (250221817449)

- Sayyidah Salsabila Mahda Anjaliyyah (220221604766)

- Rahma Dian Pradikta (250221830530)

Based on our discussion, Galileo, Newton, Darwin and Watson & Crick has contributed their opinions, ideas, success to inspire English Language Education (ELE). Galileo reminds us to be curious and to test new step, of teaching, instead of sticking to old habits. Newton shows us the value of structure just like the laws of motion, learning works best when lessons are consistent, and step by step. Darwin’s idea of evolution and adaptation connects to how language learners grow and adjust to new contexts over time. Crick discovered DNA as the important part of life, and language can be seen as a code that students learn to unlock through grammar than vocabulary. Their contributions encourage ELE to well-structured, and focused on helping learners understand and use language with confidence.

From these four scientific figures, we derive implications that can be applied in ELE. They share similarities in observation, evidence, and uniqueness. Therefore, in the process of learning and teaching English, we can implement this by observing existing differences and respecting them in order to integrate an appropriate learning model. We then provide evidence rather than feelings or mere opinions as sources that we use in the process.

1. Aurelia Putri W - 250221834757

2. Shofi Hikmatul Muna - 250221830760

3. Dessy Fitriana Putri Pratama - 220221605311

We have sought to the words 'curiosity' and 'experiment', which enables us to investigate, inquire, and knowledge of the world. Curiosity leads to the inquiry of “why,” while experimentation leads to investigation and discovery of the truth. Galileo observed the world, which aided him to challenge historical beliefs, similar to the work of English Language Teaching (ELT), whose present knowledge and address effects are evolving from rote memorization and historical views to more student-centered and effective means. Newton’s logic applies to us learning to teach our students a conceptual understanding, for example, Indonesian students study tenses via comprehension of timeline sequences and conditions of tenses, not memorization of tenses. Darwin’s adaptation illustrates the need for learning English adapting (using) English based on context (Casual conversations, Writing in school or workplace. Watson & Crick demonstrate the value of group projects, the ability to provide a peer review and feedback process, and collective team work. Certainly, these are approaches used within Indonesia’s curriculum, creating cooperation and 21st century skills. Together, their work may demonstrate that ELT, an example of inquiry, curiosity, and experimentation, is also wonder critical thinking, adapting learning, and group work.

1. Azki Izzur R.

2. Hisyam Amier M.

3. Diana Inayatul F.

4. Rey Ardella R.

Through our group perspective that each scientist: Galileo, Newton, Darwin, and Watson & Crick continue to influence our method in seeing the reality and include our teaching today in English Language Education (ELE) field. In his research Galileo emphasized evidence-based through observation equipped by precise justification. Furthermore, Newton employed systematic data collection, reasoning, and focused on the absolute results. In addition, Darwin's method employs the critical analysis whitin his triangulation and emphasizing the avoidance of superntural or teological beliefs. Last, Watson & Crick were collaborative thinkers reminds us that teaching needs data-based foundations in this case they combined interdiciplinary knowledge to gain neater results. To sum up, things we can inspired by from their work is our progress needs continuity and should move towards more evidence-based, adapting, and collaborative practices.

Group 2 Members:

1. Azki Izzur R.

2. Hisyam Amier M.

3. Diana Inayatul F.

4. Rey Ardella R.

How relevant Aristotle, Copernicus, and Kepler in today situation and impact to English Language Education?

1. Although not in the ELE field, the three scientists still influenced this field, especially in the methods of research through their framework of thinking. For instance, Aristotle emphasized the philosophical of the world and what was exist in the world that everything has a reason. Copernicus chose to evaluate previous theories and make it more precise thorugh additional instrument and analysis. Then Kepler who calculated what he observed through rigorous mathematical naalysis. In our field, this aligns with learning that requires criticism, constant improvement, and accurate measurements.

2. They certainly played a significant role in the development of science today. Aristotle taught that everything must be examined carefully. Copernicus encouraged new ideas. And Kepler not only observed but also calculated what he saw. This confirms that even in the ELE, learning must be based on strong principles, not being satisfied with a single theory, but seeking proof.

3. Previous scientists laid the foundational approach for us in seeing the reality in our world and various way to obtain the results. Aristotle emphasises his study through observation, which then, in our field, we also conducted many designs using this kind of approach. Then Copernicus focused his study using mathematical measurement; in our field this study can be related to the quantitative approach. Lastly Kepler see the world through the combination of each approach, combining the theory, the calculation, and the reasoning behind it. Through Kepler's view, we can imply the mixed-method approach using the triangulation to ensure a precise result of our assumptions.

4. Today, Aristotle, Copernicus, and Kepler are still relevant, even in the ELE. Their impact on the ELE is that Aristotle taught about balance and ethics. Copernicus taught that we must rethink old methods that we've learned before and try new ones, such as technology in the ELE. Kepler, on the other hand, emphasized the learning process, which is a trial and error in the process of ELE. This encourages teachers to reflect and improve. Essentially, all three are relevant in making the ELE ethical, innovative, and flexible.

Nila Husnul Aribah

Benny Dele Bintang Ananta

Galileo, Newton, Darwin, and Watson & Crick inspire us to design ELE lessons that are evidence-based, structured, adaptive, and collaborative, and make English learning more meaningful. In Galileo Galilei's perspective, we learn about observation and experimentation as the basis of knowledge of scientific inquiry, and then, for the ELE program, the connection is to encourage students to question texts critically and verify information when we join in reading in the classroom. In Charles Darwin's perspective, we learn about the theory of evolution, so in ELE, the contribution is that students must evolve in order to learn a language and should adapt their skills to many contexts. Newton taught me to design lessons step by step, showing students from a small to a bigger design of language. Watson and Crick taught me the importance of collaboration and creativity. In today's situation, it teaches us to value evidence-based learning and teamwork and to be open to changing our ideas if we find new, true information. And for ELE, it inspired us to practice critical thinking when reading a book/article, practice collaborative learning in a group like scientists collaborate, and always be open to revision if we make a mistake or there is a good idea in the learning process. In my SMK classroom, I have noticed that students understand English vocabulary better when they observe real-life conversations term or authentic materials, rather than memorizing lists of vocabulary.