Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus by , 359 C.E.

Early Byzantine Art: c. 500 A.D.

Middle Byzantine Art: c. 900-1200 A.D.

Late Byzantine Art: c. 1300 A.D.

Painted Ceiling, Catacomb of Santissimi Pietro e Marcellino, Rome, Italy. 4th century CE.

Sarcophagus, Santa Mana Antiqua, Rome, italy. Ca. 270 CE

Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, Italy. 425-50CE

Good Shepherd, Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, Italy

Old St. Peter's, Rome, Italy. Ca. 324-400 CE

Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, Ravenna, Italy. 425–50 CE (inside and outside)

San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy. 526–47 CE (inside, outside, plan, and mosaics)

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turkey. 532–37 CE  (inside, outside, plan)

Christ, Monastery of St. Catherine, Mount Sinai, Egypt. 6^th century CE

Christ Pantocrator, Church of the Dormition, Daphni, Greece

Madonna Enthroned, late 13th century CE

Mihrab - A niche in the wall in a mosque at the point nearest to the Mecca.

Hiberno-Saxon: c. 700 A.D.

Viking: c. 800 A.D.

Carolingian: c. 800 A.D.

Ottonian: c. 1000 A.D.

Illuminated Manuscripts- Formally prepared document where the text is decorated with flourishes such as borders and miniature illustrations

Initial Page- enlarged latter at the beginning of a paragraph or other section of text

Carpet page- full page in an illuminated manucript containing intricate, non-figurative, patterned designs.

Miniaturist- small illustration used to decorate an ancient or medieval illuminated manuscript.

Scriptoria- a place for writing

Codex- a manuscript book especially of scripture

The four evangelists- Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John

West work- An entrance area at the west end of a church with upper chamber and usually with a tower.

Santiago de Compostela - capital of northwest Spain

Barrel Vault - important element of stone construction in monasteries, castles, tower housed and other structures.

Compound Piers- clustured pillar of column composed of central masses

Bays- unit of interior space in a building

Reliquary - a container of holy relics

Cloister - a covered walk, open gallery, or open arcade running along the walls of buildings

Tympanum- a vertical recessed triangular space forming the center of a pediment

Trumeau - a section of wall or a pillar between two openings.

Jamb - a side post or surface of a doorway, window, or fireplace

groin vaults - formed by two barrel vaults intersecting of right angles

Campanile- an italian bell tower

Mandoria - A pointed oval figure used as an architectural feature and as an aureole enclosing figures such as Jesus Christ or the Virgin Mary.

A: Invasions and political upheavals

2. All of the following features are typical of Hiberno-Saxon art EXCEPT . . .

D: Meanders

3. he illustrations of the Lindisfarne Gospels show us that Hiberno-Saxon artists had a unsophisticated
   sense of design and little interest in detail.

False

4. What detail of Matthew's portrait page in the Lindisfarne Gospels suggests a Classical influence on
   Hiberno-Saxon art?

C: The figures robes and posture

5. The intricate patterns and ornamental detail of this page from the Lindisfarne Gospels served to

A: Encourage meditative contemplation

6. Charlemagne instructed his artists at court to revive the artistic styles that were present in the days of

B: Constantine

7. The influence of the classical tradition is present in the Lindau Gospel Cover in the . . .

C: Cloth and drapery that the figures wear

8. The figures are examples of

   
   

   C: Repousse

   
   

9. Bishop Bernward got the idea for his doors from seeing monumental doors.

   
   

   A: on a pilgrimage to Rome

   
   

10. In the bronze doors at Hildesheim, scenes on the left door show episodes from

B: Genesis

11. While scenes on the right door show events from

C: The life of Christ

12. In the bronze doors at Hildesheim, the scene of the Crucifixion is paired with...

D: The temptation in the Garden of Eden

13. Each of Bishops Bernward's bronze doors was cast using...

B: the lost wax process

1. less risk of fire

2. better acoustics

3. could be built taller and wider

Disadvantages of stone barrel vaults vs. wooden trussed roofs:

1. Less light!

Why would people go on a pilgimage?

1. expression of Christain devotion

2. could purity the soul and perhaps even produce miraculous healing benefits

3. could reduce time in purgatory

4. a criminal could travel the way of saint James as an act penance

5. opportunities to travel and seen some of the world

1. Pilgrimage stimulated the local economy for which of the following reasons?

pilgrims needed places to stay, pilgrims wanted to buy souvenirs, pilgrims needed places to eat

2. Which of the following are true?

As pilgrimages became increasingly popular, there was a building boom
in Europe.

The Cathedral of St. Lazare is believed to hold the relics, or bones, of
St. Lazarus.

This Last Judgment tympanum in Autun was one of the first monumental sculptures since antiquity

3. which of the following are true of the central figure of Christ in the Last Judgement?

His body proportions are not naturalistic

he appears flattened, frontal and symmetrical

he is elongated

4. The almound shaped that surrounds Christ is called a ...

Mandoria

5. Images of heaven and hell caused medieval people to consider...

Their own standing before God.

Ribbed groin vaults- a rib vault or ribbed vault is an architectural feature for covering a wide space.

Flying buttresses- slanting from a seprate pier forming an arch with the wall it supports.

compound piers- clustured coloumn or pier with centre mass or newel.

Westwork- An entrance area at the west end of a church with upper chamber and usually with a tower or towers.

Jamb statues- figure carved on the jambs if a doorway or window.

Cult of Mary- Otherwise known as a central object to worship in several religions.

Gothic "sway" - A variation on the contrapposto pose which places the weight of the body on the forward stationary leg.

Stained glass - Colored glass as a material or works created from it.

Tracery windows - windows are divided into sections of various proportions by stone bars or ribs of moulding.

Transept

Crossing

Aisles

Ambulatory

nave arcade

gallery

Triforium

Clerestory

The stained glass windows are to be held to be one of the best preserved and most completer set of medieval stained glass, notably celebrated for their colours, especially cobalt blue.

A: The creation of the world

2. What is new in Giotto's depiction of the Lamentation in the Arena Chapel?

D: Figures that look like they have weight and mass

3. This work by Simone Martini combines each of the following except...

B: Lack of Symbolic content

4. This work depicts

A: The Annunciation

5. This work was painted for a

C: Town Hall

A: Barrel vaults

2. The architect of Chartres Cathedral created a new three-part elevation made up of all of the following parts EXCEPT

C: Gallery

3. Which of the following is NOT true about the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Chartres?

A: The architect used rounded arches, thick walls, and massive piers to support the weight of the building internally.

4. The projecting structures in the foreground of this photograph are called

B: Flying Buttresses

5. What is NOT true about these jamb statues at Notre Dame, Chartres?

D: The artist was not skilled enough to create naturalistic figures.

Apron Scene- Often refers to a scene depicted in artwork or drama where characters are engaged in actions or dialogues, often informal or everyday in nature.

Painted Altarpieces- Elaborate paintings created to adorn altars in churches, typically depicting religious scenes, saints, or events from the Bible.

Tempera- A type of paint made by blending pigments with a water-soluble binder, often egg yolk, used extensively in medieval and early Renaissance painting.

Fresco- A technique of mural painting executed on freshly laid lime plaster, where pigments are mixed with water and become chemically bound to the wall.

Pulpit- a raised platform or structure in a church from which a priest or preacher delivers a sermon or speech.

Tau cross of St. Francis- A cross in the shape of the Greek letter "tau" (T), representing the cross on which St. Francis is believed to have been crucified.

Republics vs. Duchies- Distinctions in political systems; republics are states where sovereignty lies in the people or their elected representatives, while duchies are territories ruled by dukes or duchesses.

Annunciation- In Christian theology, it refers to the announcement by the angel Gabriel to the Virgin Mary about the conception of Jesus.

Dyptch- A two-paneled artwork, usually hinged together, often used for religious paintings, portraits, or commemorative pieces.

Triptych- An artwork consisting of three panels, often hinged together, commonly used for altarpieces or religious paintings.

Polyptych- A multi-panel artwork, usually an altarpiece, consisting of more than three panels hinged or fixed together.

Donors/Patrons- Individuals or groups who commission or financially support artworks, often depicted within the artwork as a sign of their contribution or piety.

Grisaille- A painting technique using a monochromatic palette, typically shades of gray, to create the effect of sculpture or relief, often used in underpainting or decorative arts.

Intaglio- A printmaking technique where an image is incised or engraved into a surface, such as metal or stone, and then inked and transferred onto paper.

Mud bricks - Building materials made from mud and often mixed with straw and other binding materials, shaped into bricks

Cylinder seal - A small cylindrical object made of stone that was used to impress designs or inscriptions onto clay or other soft materials by rolling the seal across them.

Heraldic pose - A term used in art to describe a specfic posture or stance of a creature or figure.

Registers - Horizontal bands or divisions in art or writing that organize scenes or text.

Composite view - An artists representation that combines different perspectives or viewpoints into a single depiction.

Hieratic scale/Hierarchical scale - A method of artistic representation in which the size of figures is determined by their importance or social status.

Ziggurat - A terraced pyramid like structure consisting of several levels.

Stele - A veritcal stone slab or pillar, often inscribed of decorated, used as a monument or marker.

Lamassu - Assyrian protective deities depicted as human headed winged bulls or lions.

Orthostat - Large, upright stone slabs often carved or decorated used in the construction of walls.

Capital - The top part of a column or pillar, often elaborately decorated, serving as a transition between the column and the structure it supports.

Composite view- An artistic representation that combines different perspectives or viewpoints into a single depiction, often seen in ancient art where figures body parts might be shown from different angles.

Hieratic scale/Hierarchical scale- A method of artistic representation in which the size of figure is determined by their importance or social status, often used in ancient art to signify the significance of a person or deity.

Palette- In historical terms, a flat surface used by ancient Egyptians to grind and mix mineral pigments with water or other binding agents to create paint for hieroglyphs or art.

Registers- Horizontal bands or divisions in art or writing that organize scenes or text, commonly found in ancient artworks and writings.

Mastaba- An ancient Egyptian tomb structure with a flat-roofed rectangular shape and sloping sides, often the burial place of nobles or high officials.

Necropolis- A large ancient cemetery, often used to describe the burial grounds of a particular city or civilization.

Columns- Vertical architectural elements that support weight, often used in rows to support structures or as decorative elements.

Capitals- The top part of a column or pillar, often elaborately decorated, serving as a transition between the column and the structure it supports.

Step Pyramid- An early form of pyramid in ancient Egypt, characterized by several rectangular layers or steps, with the most famous example being the Pyramid of Djoser at

Canon- In artistic terms, a set of rules or principles guiding proportions and artistic representation, often referring to the idealized or standardized human form in art.

Ka- In ancient Egyptian belief, the spiritual essence or vital force that distinguished an individual, existing after death and requiring offerings or sustenance in the afterlife.

Cloisonne- A decorative technique involving the use of metal strips to create compartments (cloisons) filled with enamel or other decorative materials, often seen in jewelry or decorative arts.

Cartouche- An oval or oblong shape in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs that contains the name of a royal person, signifying its importance.

Hypostyle hall- A large hall in ancient Egyptian temples or other structures supported by numerous columns.

Sunken Relief- A sculptural technique where the outlines of figures or designs are carved into a flat surface, with the surrounding area cut away to create a raised effect.

Altar Stele- A carved or inscribed upright stone slab often used as a marker or commemorative monument, specifically associated with religious or sacrificial purposes.

Book of the Dead- A collection of ancient Egyptian funerary texts and spells intended to guide and protect the deceased in the afterlife.

1. Late Republic sculptors emphasized each of the following features in portrait sculpture EXCEPT

A. Age

B. Beauty

C. Blemishes

D. Wisdom

.

2. In his ruler portraits, Augustus promoted an image of himself as each of the following EXCEPT

A. Older and wise

B. Descended from the gods

A successful military leader

D. Youthful and athletic

.

3. Each statement is true about the Ara Pacis of Augustus EXCEPT

A. It was commissioned by the Roman Senate to commemorate the "Roman peace."

B. It depicts the Roman re-enactment of the Panathenaic procession.

C. It likely depicts specific individuals at a specific event on a specific date.

D. The numerous plants and animals are thought to represent fertility and abundance.

.

4. The Colosseum was built largely of

A. Concrete

B. Cement

C. Marble

D. Limestone

.

5. The Colosseum functioned as a place of

A. Entertainment

B. Worship

C. Shopping

D. Government

1. Which of the following is NOT true of the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia in Ravenna?

A. Many of the mosaics show decorative forms that are similar to Ancient Roman decorative floral and acanthus leaf forms.

B. The mausoleum houses Galla Placidia's sarcophagus.

C. The vaults and ceiling areas are covered in the original fifth-century mosaics.

D. In the mosaic scenes, the figures and objects do not always relate to each other in a way that makes spatial sense.

.

2. Which of the following statements is true?

A. This sarcophagus reflects both elements of classicism and elements of Early Christian art.

B. Each of the scenes in this sarcophagus comes from the Old Testament.

C. The proportions of the figures come from the classical tradition.

D. The contrapposto and attention to drapery come from the Early Christian tradition.

.

3. The dome of Hagia Sophia recalls the engineering brilliance of the

A. Pantheon in Rome

B. Temple of Mercury in Baiae

C. Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem

D. Treasury of Atreus in Mycenae

.

4. Procopius, the biographer of the Emperor Justinian, described the dome of Hagia Sophia as looking as though it was . . .

A. "made of rainbows."

B. "grander than the Pantheon."

C. "suspended from heaven."

D. "made by giants."

.

5. How did the architects of Hagia Sophia reconcile the round dome with the square floor plan?

A. with pendentives

B. with windows at the base of the dome

C. with exterior side domes

D. with minarets

.

1. What theme seems most central in the Palette of Narmer?

A. Political unification

B. Political instability

C. Death and the afterlife

D. The power of the gods

2. Each of the following cultural values of ancient Egypt is demonstrated by the pyramids of Giza EXCEPT

A. The centrality of the afterlife

B. The connection of kings to the gods

C. The power of the king

D. The equality of men and women

3. What motivated the cultural changes that characterize Akhenaten’s reign?

A. The king issued an edict sharing power with his wife, Nefertiti.

B. The king created a monotheistic state religion devoted to the god Aten.

C. A severe drought forced the king to relocate the Egyptian capital.

D. A powerful priestly class emerged that assumed royal authority.

4. Scholars believe that Thutmose used this bust of Nefertiti as a model for other representations of Nefertiti for each of the following reasons EXCEPT

A. The location where it was found

B. The inscription on the base

C. The lack of inlaid stone for the eyes

D. The general lack of finish

5. What evidence in this image demonstrates that Hunefer has led an ethical life and will be admitted to the afterlife?

A. His heart weighs less than a feather.

B. Anubis gives him an ankh.

C. Osiris forgives him of his sins.

D. Thoth finds his name on a list.

1. The narrative scenes in the Arena Chapel focus on each of the following EXCEPT

A. The creation of the world

B. The life of Mary

C. The life of Christ

D. The passion of Christ

2. What is new in Giotto's depiction of the Lamentation in the Arena Chapel?

A. The gold haloes

B. The depiction of Mary holding the crucified Christ

C. Angels with wings

D. Figures that look like they have weight and mass

3. This work by Simone Martini combines each of the following EXCEPT

A. A Byzantine-inspired background

B. A lack of symbolic content

C. A sense of body structure beneath the clothing inspired by Giotto

D. A love of pattern and elegant line

4. This work depicts

A. The Annunciation

B. The Visitation

C. The Deposition

D. The Pietá

5. This work was painted for a

A. Palace

B. Church

C. Town Hall

D. Home

1. Developments in Gothic architecture include each of the following EXCEPT

A. Barrel vaults

B. Stained glass windows

C. Groin vaulting

D. Pointed arches

2. The architect of Chartres Cathedral created a new three-part elevation made up of all of the following parts EXCEPT

A. arcade

B. triforium

C. gallery

D. clerestory

3. Which of the following is NOT true about the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Chartres?

A. The architect used rounded arches, thick walls, and massive piers to support the weight of the building internally.

B. This Gothic church is full of symbols. An important symbol in this church is the light, which was seen as a symbol of divine presence.

C. Gothic architects tried to maximize the space for stained glass windows. The development of rib vaults and flying buttresses made this easier.

D. The Gothic features of the cathedral emphasized the idea that the building was a divine and heavenly space.

.

4. The projecting structures in the foreground of this photograph are called

A. Groin vaults

B. Flying buttresses

C. Jambs

D. Lintels

.

5. What is NOT true about these jamb statues at Notre-Dame, Chartres?

A. The figures are elongated and the folds of the drapery are stylized.

B. The figures seem weightless and appear to float.

C. The artist emphasized the spiritual rather than physical qualities of these figures.

D. The artist was not skilled enough to create naturalistic figures

1. Which technique was used to create this jade cong?

a. Incising the jade with a metal tool

b. Abrading the jade with sand

c. Carving the jade with a stone

d. Modeling the jade by hand

2. Each of the following is known to be true about this image EXCEPT:

A. This object is one of many female figurines from the Paleolithic period.

B. This object represents a goddess associated with love and marriage rituals.

C. This object was made from limestone and was originally painted with red ochre.

D. The object's emphasis on female anatomy has led to speculation about its meaning.

3. Why did this figure used to be commonly called "Venus of Willendorf?"

A. The object was discovered in Greece.

B. The subject is the prehistoric goddess of love.

C. The name reflects early 20th-century beliefs about the figure's meaning.

D. The figure was meant to be an idealized image of feminine beauty.

4. What evidence supports the belief that the Woman of Willendorf was meant to be held in the hand?

A. The figure is symmetrical.

B. The figure is large.

C. The figures is carved from limestone.

D. The figure has no feet and can't stand on its own.

5. Stonehenge is an example of what type of construction?

A. Post and lintel

B. Corbelling

C. Arch

D. Barrel vault

6. Stonehenge comes from which period?

A. Paleolithic

B. Mesolithic

C. Neolithic

D. Pre-Cambrian

1. The Standard of Ur shows each of the following EXCEPT

A. Activities associated with both war and peace

B. A Standard being carried into battle

C. Men who perform in a variety of roles

D. Sides divided into three registers

2. How did Akkadian artists represent the human body in the Stele of Naram Sin?

A. They represented the body in profile.

B. They represented the body in a three-quarter view.

C. They used a composite view.

D. They represented the body in a frontal pose.

3. Hammurabi was a Babylonian king who created one of the first . . .

A. law codes

B. ziggurats

C. sculptures showing a god

D. sculptures showing a ruler

4. The ancient city of Babylon was known for each of the following EXCEPT

A. Its bull capitals

B. Its ziggurat

C. Its hanging gardens

D. Its gates

5. What leader defeated Babylon in 538 BC and permitted the Hebrews to return to Jerusalem and rebuild their temple?

   
   

   A. Cyrus the Great

   B. Nebuchadnezzar

   C. Hammarabi

   D. Naram Sin

1. This purse lid from the Sutton Hoo ship burial suggests each of the following EXCEPT

A. Skilled craftsman produced intricately designed decorative arts during the Anglo-Saxon period.

B. Economic and cultural exchange occurred throughout Western Europe.

C. Anglo-Saxon artists used animal forms to provide decorative effect and symbolic value.

D. The Anglo-Saxons were primitive people who did not engage in commerce.

2. Each of the following features of this work is typical of Hiberno-Saxon art EXCEPT

A. mythological narratives

B. interlacing

C. animal hybrids

D. Christian symbolism

3. The intricate patterns and ornamental detail of this page from the Lindisfarne Gospels served to

A. Encourage meditative contemplation

B. Reinforce Biblical narratives

C. Obscure sacred imagery

D. Illustrate religious concepts

4. The sculptural figures in the Lindau Gospels cover are examples of a metalworking technique called

A. Lost-wax casting

B. Gilding

C. Repoussé

D. Cloissoné

5. Each of Bishop Bernward's bronze doors was created using

A. Repoussé

B. Lost-wax casting

C. Separately-cast pieces that were later welded together

D. Carved wood

1. Etruscan art depicts upper-class women as

   
   

   A. political rulers

   B. military leaders

   C. subservient and not engaged in public life

   D. participating in public events

2. Which ancient culture most influenced Etruscan culture?

   
   

   A. Babylon

   B. Rome

   C. The Druids

   D. Greece

3. This sculpture of Apollo was made out of

   
   

   A. marble

   B. terra cotta

   C. bronze

   D. wood

4. This figure was originally placed

   
   

   A. in a tomb

   B. on top of a burial site

   C. on top of a mountain

   D. on top of a temple

5. Compared to Greek art, Etruscan art seems to differ in its

   A. lively energy

   B. mythological subject matter

   C. attention to muscular human figures

   D. the use of color

   .

1. This forest of columns is called a

A. Colonnade

B. Hypostyle Hall

C. Peristyle

D. Arcade

2. The palace at Alhambra incorporates

A. a baptistry

B. Hindu beliefs regarding the afterlife

C. metaphors for paradise on earth

D. Buddhist concepts of nirvana

3. A mihrab is a prayer niche pointing toward

A. the east

B. Jerusalem

C. the iwan, or vaulted entrance

D. Mecca

4. This structure functions as a

A. tomb

B. palace

C. temple

D. church

5. The structure's exterior is constructed primarily of

A. ivory

B. marble

C. glazed brick

D. painted limestone

1. Each of the following are distortions used in the Parthenon to create the illusion of physical perfection EXCEPT

A. Very few right angles are used in the building.

B. The columns expand near their center.

C. The metopes line up with the columns.

D. The stylobate (temple platform) rises near the center.

2. Why did architects model buildings in Washington, D.C. on the classical style of the Parthenon?

A. As a symbol of peace

B. As a symbol of democracy

C. As a symbol of victory

D. As a symbol of religious freedom

3. Who was the artist responsible for the sculptural program decorating the Parthenon?

A. Pericles

B. Iktinos

C. Phidias or Pheidias

D. Kallikrates

4. Why is Victory adjusting her sandal?

A. She's tying her shoe, which appears to be loose.

B. She's removing a pebble from her shoe.

C. She's removing her shoes to walk on sacred ground.

D. She's changing her clothes upon returning from battle.

1. The subject matter of this tympanum sculpture is

A. The Creation

B. The Baptism of Christ

C. The Last Judgement

D. The Mount of Transfiguration

2. Which of the following is NOT true about the central figure of Christ in this work?

A. His body position is not rendered naturalistically.

B. He looks out kindly and sympathetically.

C. He appears flattened, frontal, and symmetrical.

D. He has elongated proportions.

3. This work commemorates the conquest of England by

A. Harold Godwinson

B. Edward the Confessor

C. William the Conqueror of Normandy

D. Harold Hardrada, King of Norway

4. The medium of this work is

A. embroidery

B. tapestry

C. carpet weaving

D. ink on paper

5. This building served as a

A. Bell tower

B. Baptistry

C. Cathedral

D. Minaret

1. The triangular space of the Lion Gate is formed by

A. Corbelling

B. Mortise and tenon joints

C. Bricks and mortar

D. Groin vaulting

2. What mythological creature inspired the name describing the large stone masonry used by the Mycenaeans?

A. Cyclops

B. Griffin

C. Sphinx

D. Gorgon

3. This object was found in a

A. Tomb

B. Temple

C. Megaron

D. Palace

4. One thing we know about early Cycladic figures is that

A. They were once clothed

B. They represent fertility figures

C. They originally had painted details such as eyes and mouths

D. They were meant to represent deceased people

5. What do we know about this work?

A. It represents a coming-of-age ritual.

B. It shows a bull-trapping scene.

C. The three figures represent a sequence of actions of one individual.

D. Bulls were depicted in multiple works of Minoan art.

1. The counterbalance created by the weight-bearing and relaxed limbs of this figure is called

A. Symmetry

B. A canon

C. Contrapposto

D. Alignment

1. What was the original function of this large vase in ancient Greece?

A. It was a grave marker in a cemetery.

B. It was part of a gateway to Athens.

C. It was a cremation urn that held human remains.

D. It was a storage vessel for grain.

2. What is slip?

A. A type of ceramic glaze

B. Paint that is applied to a pot after firing

C. A large oven used to fire ceramic pottery

D. Fine clay mixed with water used to decorate pottery

3. The New York Kouros shows the influence of

A. Prehistoric Art

B. Egyptian Art

C. Roman Art

D. Neolithic Art

4. The term "Kouros" refers to

A. The Greek word for "youth"

B. A soldier

C. The name of the man portrayed in the sculpture shown

D. A representation of a god

5. What is the source of Exekias's subject matter on this Greek amphora?

A. The Iliad

B. The Odyssey

C. The Aeneid

D. The Epic of Gilgamesh

1. Each of the following characteristics of Laocoön and his Sons shows that it comes from the Hellenistic style EXCEPT

A. Its literary subject

B. Its compositional dynamism

C. Its use of diagonals

D. Its intense emotion