Crystallography is importance in our daily lives because many substances that are found in nature are made of crystalline structure and crystallography have been contribute in many importance things such as in cement. Cement is the main construction material for the building and crystallography control the workability, the setting times and the final strength of the concrete. Crystallography also determined the quality of the structures. Besides that, by understanding the importance of crystallography we can lower the emission of carbon dioxide. Other than that, it also can increase the profitability of the mining activities as less waste is created. Crystallography is importance as it will prevent propagation in metal that will cause failure or so called metal fatigue. It is importance in our daily lives because it can create long lasting, safe, smaller and more powerful technologies. In pharmaceuticals, crystallography is essential for the development and production of safe medicines because by knowing crystallography we can check the authenticity of the drug. Moreover, crystallography also importance for feeding our grown population as it can improving the yield of agriculture and help to optimize the fertilizer for the crops which are to be grown. For the water consumption, crystallography can help to understand the membranes and filters for building desalination plants with reduced power consumption. These can help to produce more clean water that can be used in our daily lives. Last but not least, crystallography is importance in our daily lives because it contribute in the food substance by adding the taste in the food and creating many great and tasteful food such as chocolate. As conclusion, crystallography is very importance in every aspect of our daily lives. 

BY: AUNI FARHA NASHUA BT ABU HASMADI
MATRIC NO: 138683

Hereby, I would love to answer the question delivered on this topic. The first section that has been highlighted is most used materials; Cement and Iron Ore. We all know that the two materials are widely used in industries. By learning and understanding the crystallography properties of materials and its phase changes, we can overcome the uninvited problems. In relation to Cement, the harmful problems will be the CO2 emission that will put our surrounding in risk. In this case, the understanding of crystallography properties come in handy by producing Cement with low CO2 emission. Meanwhile, Iron Ore are retrieved by mining. The collection output of Iron Ore will be inspected by its quality. Here, the uninvited problems arise where we do not exactly know how to differentiate and inspect by its quality since quality is not something we can see and we cannot guarantee the quality constant. Therefore, the visual inspection of Iron Ore (only on Low Grade & High Grade) that has been used is no longer valid. The absolute solution will be crystallography inspection where the quality is constant from time to time. This will be a chance for mining industries to increase their profit, reduce damage to environment and also less waste created. 

Metal fatigue is a most common failure that takes place in aircraft. By investigating the occurrence of metal fatigue, we come to a conclusion that the failure is due to crystal deformation occurred in metal. In preventing the tendency of metal fatigue to happen in aircraft, we have to consider the crystallography changes. Crystallography is an important subject in taking care of such failure to avoid massive fatality and ensure safety with impressive security. For example, the useful of fillet (rounded corners) on the oval window of aircraft are the improvised version of previous rectangular shape of the window. The stress in rectangular window are much higher compared to the stress in oval window. 

Next, microelectronic devices that are widely used among people are basically based on semiconducting materials; Gallium Nitride that is proven useful and powerful by its crystallography properties. This semiconducting materials successfully provide energy efficient components that help in producing a good working devices. Crystallography really does help in providing a betterment of devices that are currently in used. 

On the other hand, pharmaceutical materials are included in this topic as crystallography properties are very important in ensuring safe medicine served to the nation. There is circumstances that we can observe how significant is the crystallography in this matter. Such as the presence of Phalidomide that brings duality or polymorphism of its characteristics. This drug is dangerous to unborn child as it has adverse effect on them. A way that is used in preventing such dangerous drug being used is by measuring the crystallography and checking the authenticity of drug. This will increase the production of safe medicine and decrease in fatality.  

Fertilizers are commonly used in agriculture to nurture the yields. By knowing and understanding the crystallography of both soils and fertilizers, we definitely can optimize the fertilizers used in crops for a long-lasting growth that will be fruitful in the future. In rural parts of the globe, there still some people are in difficult to get an access to hygiene drinking water. Crystallography really come to save the difficulty that they are facing by going through a process called desalination where sea water are filtered by special filtration membranes to get polluted-free drinking water. This helps in building desalination plants and reduce power consumption. 

In a nutshell, we can see the importance of understanding crystallography really help us in solving the problems by going back to core part of problems, optimizing what we are doing now for a better sustainable tomorrow. To create something bigger, we have to start with something small.

By
MAZLISYA NADHIRAH BINTI MAZELAN
138700 

Although producing cement increase the emission of CO2 to our surroundings, by understanding the crystallographic properties of cement we are able to reduce CO2 emission like using alternative fuels and using less clinker during the production of cement

Instead of comparing iron ores with our naked eyes in order to determine the quality, we can determine the crystallographic of iron ores and able to have a better classification of the iron ores. This result in a better profitability for the industries as less waste is produce during mining.

By understanding the crystal deformation through crystallographic, we are able to reduce failure rate of things and can be used repeatedly having a longer life span. We are also able to build objects smaller and also increase the energy efficiency of battery through determining the crystal structure. Safer medicine can be produced through understanding crystallographic properties, reducing the threat to humans due to counterfeiting medicine appearing in the market. Due to the increasing of population, understanding of crystallographic of material is needed to increase the yield of agriculture and drinking water in order to cope the growing population. Fun fact, crystallographic can also alter the taste of our food. 

By: Lee Zhen Yu
Matric No : 138695

The importance of crystallography is firstly illustrated by the cement in the video. Cement is the main construction material of buildings, bridges and etc. To have a strong and safe building, the workability and its strength of the cement has to be determined accurately. All thanks to the knowledge of crystallography, as it helps to know the crystallographic or phases changes of the cement in the changing of temperature, humidity and other factors. Besides, the production of cement originally releases carbon dioxide in the amount as 5% of human activity. With the understanding of crystallography, we’re known that making the cement with less clinker can reduce the emission of carbon dioxide.

The next importance of crystallography is showed by the crystal deformation of a substance. Since the failure of the plane’s construction, multiple times of testing searching the causes has done, the final result is the stress in window frame in airplane. To solve the problem, compressive stress in the surface of the metallic component is increased by adding shock painting on the top surface, so the micro cracks are more closer and reduce metal fatigue. In short, having the knowledge of crystallography can produce safe and long-lasting machine.

Last but not least, in the field of pharmaceutical, the crystallography has helped in the development and production of safe medicine. From the video, X-ray diffraction is the only way to differentiate different polymorphs. 

Lim Ruo Xuen 
138698

 

1.  Produce environmental friendly products for a greener earth.
For example, production of cement produce CO2 which responsible for global warming. Therefore, we should find out alternatives to lower the CO2 emission during the process. For instance, make cement with less clinker (materials produced at which limestones and raw materials undergo crystallographic change due to high temperature in kiln) by using industrial by-products which also have cementitious effect. Secondly, using alternative fuels for kiln heating. Therefore, the understanding of crystallographic properties is very important. Besides that, cement crystallographic properties control the workability, the setting time and the final strength of structures. The quality of structures is determined by the crystallographic phase changes during cement hardening.

 

2. Determination of the quality of ore.
 Iron is obtained from the digging of ore from ground in mines. 
 The classical and simple way is by visual inspection at which different part of the ore body can be classified into low grade or high grade after comparing the colour with the reference set. However, we can have much finer credit classification by determine the crystallography. This makes the ore much more constant in quality and increase the profitability of mining activities (less waste is created and it reduce the damage to environment).

 

3. Understanding of the crystal deformation.
 By understanding of the crystal deformation of materials only then we can produce a safe and long-lasting product. For example, the improvement made on airplanes by having oval shape windows instead of rectangular windows and deliberately having compressive stress on the metallic components.

 

4. Improve the quality of products and therefore the quality of human lives.
 For example, the smaller phones with powerful batteries and energy-efficient components nowadays are convenient for us. The back light of phones can function well only if the thin layers are with right crystallographic properties.

 

5. Development and production of safe medicines.
 The understanding towards crystallography allows us to produce drugs which have no adverse effect on health but biological compatible and also allow us to differentiate between authentic drugs and counterfeit drugs.

 

6. Improving the yield of agriculture.
 Understanding the crystallography of soils and fertilizers allow us to optimize fertilizers for planting purposes.

 

7. Resolve shortage of clean water.
 Water shortage due to pollution or irrigation may be resolved by desalinated the sea water requires the understanding of crystallography of membranes and filters.

 

8. Add the taste to food.
 Crystallographic substances present in many food substances such as chocolate.
 
By              : Yeo Ei Ling
Matric no. : 138737

Cement is the main constuctural material for the buildings that we live in nowdays. The quality of  cement structure was determined by the crystallographic phases changes. Cement was created by heating the limestone and other materials. Making the cement consists of emission of carbon dioxide, C02 that causes the global warming.

To reduce the usage of carbon dioxide,CO2 in making the cements is to make the cements with less clinker industrial byproduct. Second ways is to use alternative fuels such as plastic waste or used car tires. By using this two methods in order to make the cements with less emission of carbon dioxide,CO2, we need to under the crystallography properties. 

The second material that importants in our daily live is iron. Iron was made from ore that dug from the ground in mines. Simple visual  inspection are the easiest way to determine the quality of the ore. The color of the ore are compared by the reference set but with determine the crystallography much finer ore can be classified. This approach make the quality of ore more constant and profitability of mining activities increasing, also damage to the environment reduced.

Crystal deformation also important in our daily life. For example, the window of the airplanes are oval in shape instead of rectangular shape. Airplanes is a machine such that carry cyclic loads during operations. Cracks can be formed after repeated loads that can propagate through assembly can cause fatigue. By understanding the deformation of the crystal is essential for making long-lasting and safe machines.

Smart phones and gadgets have become essential machine in our lifes. Smart phones become more advances in every single days because of the understanding the crystallographic properties. For example, the backlight of our phones consists of gallium nitride which is a semiconductoe material that have many thins layers. These layers have right crystallographic properties for good working device. 

Pharmacists also understanding the crystallographic properties in order to make the safe medicine. Understanding the crystallography in soils helps to optimize the fertilizers for the crop, to increase the yield of agriculture. Lasty, crystallography also exists in our daily food such as chocolate. By understanding the crystallographic properties in material helps us to life our live in a better way.

By : Norzeity Amalin Binti Zulkepli
Matric no. : 138715

 

Crystallography can make better cement. The emission of carbon dioxide during the production of cement can be lowered. With the understanding of crystallography, we can make cement with less clinker and also using alternative fuels to heat kiln. Besides, visual grade control is normally used to classified the ore body. However,by determining through crystallography,it gives much finer credit classification of ore body. Therefore, the quality of ore are more constant and it less wastes created in mining activities. 

 

Crystallography allows us to understand better about crystal deformation and eliminate metal fatigue. From the video, we know the reason the window of the airplanes are oval in shape instead of rectangular shape.The study of crystallography is essential for making safe and long-lasting machines.

 

Crystallography determines the functioning of many micro-electronic devices’ components like screen backlights and batteries. With the knowledge of crystallogrphy, cell phones become small and powerful. Energy efficient components such as backlight of the screen in cellphones are created.

 

Almost all pharmaceuticals are crystallographic substances. Many beneficial materials crystallize in different forms (polymorphs). Understanding crystallography is important to produce safe medicine. 
Furthermore, crystallography helps us to feed our growing population. Optimizing fertilizers for optimal crop yield, designing optimal membranes for desalination plants, generating drinking water and adding unique taste sensations to our food. 

 

In general, crystallography is essential to improve our quality of daily lives.

By:  Yap Wei Wei
Matric No.: 138736

 

Besides, a visual inspection different parts of the ore body can be classified as low grade or high grade by determining the crystallography. The windows in the aeroplane are oval  is in relation with crystal formation to reduce stresses. On the other hand, understanding of crystallographic helps to overcome the problem of metal fatigue also.

 

A smaller and more powerful batteries as well as energy-efficient components such as the backlight of the screens in microelectronic devices are invented by the theory of crystallography.

 

A crystallographic property covered in organic molecules is polymorphism. Understanding these crystal graphic forms is important for the development and production of safe medicines. By measuring the crystallography we can also check the authenticity of the drug.

 

Understanding the crystallography of soils and fertilizers helps to optimize the fertilizer for the crops which are to be grown. Lastly, understanding the crystallography of the membranes and filters is important for building desalination plants with reduced power consumption. 


Teo Yin Xin 
138731

By: Nur Ilya Syafiqa Binti Zulkifli
 Matric no.: 138717

Crystallography can be used widely in our mother nature.

By understanding crystallography of the soil and fertilizers can enable us to increase the yield and quality of crops. Next, desalination process of sea water can also increase the water available to mankind and reduce water shortage in different parts of the world and this can be done by producing desalination membranes and plants 

These achievements established the field of X-ray crystallography and highlighted the importance of this route for providing the atomic details necessary for understanding chemical and biological systems and their mechanisms. 

Name : Pee Kai Xuan
Matrix Number :138724

NAME : MUHAMMAD NAIM B E SHAMSUDDIN
NO MATRIC : 138709

NAME : MUHAMMAD NAIM B E SHAMSUDDIN
NO MATRIC : 138709