KALITOR TOWN - HUMAR RIGHTS AND FREEDOM OF SPEECH by Mira Mihaylova

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS CAN BE DEFINED BY:

mmihaylova2 — 2020-05-21 16:31:37 UTC

 PERSONAL RIGHT create conditions for human existence and enable the free development of his personality. 
- right to life
- the right to humane treatment (prohibition of torture and torture), respect for the mental, physical and moral integrity of the person and the dignity of the human person
- right to personal liberty and security
- right to personal security and inviolability of the home, of correspondence (secrets)
- right to protection in case of violation of the rights and legitimate interests of the individual
- the right to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal
- the right to freely choose one's place of residence
- right of free movement
- freedom of conscience, freedom of thought and choice of religion and belief
 POLITICAL RIGHTS - enable citizens to participate in the governance of the state.
- the right to participate in the government of one's country and to have access to public and public services;
- right of association;
- freedom of assembly and demonstration;
- right to complaints, proposals and petitions to state bodies;
- freedom of speech, press and other media;
- the right to seek, receive and impart information
 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL RIGHTS - 
they are related to the satisfaction of material and cultural needs]
- right to work
- the right to health and safety at work
- the right to adequate remuneration
- right to rest and leave
- right to strike
- right to social security and social assistance
- right to property
- right to inherit
- the right to equal legal conditions for economic activity
- the right of working emigrants and their families to protection and assistance
- the right to a standard of living necessary to maintain the health of man and his family
- the right to health insurance guaranteeing affordable medical care and to free use of medical services, under the conditions and in accordance with the procedure established by law
- right to education
- the right to enjoy national and universal cultural values
- the right to scientific creativity, protection of copyright and other rights in general
- the right to a healthy and favorable environment

mmihaylova2 — 2020-05-21 16:39:11 UTC

Human rights described in Universal Declaration of Human Rights - UDHR:

· Right to self-determination

· Rights to equality and non-discrimination

· Freedom from slavery and forced labour

· Right to marry and found a family

· Freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief

· Freedom of information, opinion and expression

· Freedom of assembly

· Right to take part in public affairs, voting rights and access to public service.

They are "the basic rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled “independent of nationality, location, language, religion, or ethnical belonging.

mmihaylova2 — 2020-05-21 16:42:44 UTC

Each of our rights is an opportunity to have a certain behavior and to require others to tolerate that behavior.
Every right is a recognized and guaranteed by a law opportunity to have a certain behavior.
The rights are regulated in the laws and everyone must respect them.
When someone does not want to obey the laws, his behavior is punished.
The division of rights is conditional because they are interconnected and equally necessary for full existence. Human rights are not graded. They are equally important to the man. The counterparty for the exercise of these rights is the state. It is committed to securing them, guaranteeing them economically and providing protection in the event of a breach.

mmihaylova2 — 2020-05-21 16:53:41 UTC

mmihaylova2 — 2020-05-21 17:30:57 UTC

mmihaylova2 — 2020-05-21 17:33:21 UTC

- The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR);
- Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) is a human rights treaty which sets out the civil, political, economic, social, health and cultural rights of children;
- International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination;
- The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women;
- Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment;
- International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families;
- Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities;
- International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance.

United Nations Charter -
- The Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
- The Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
- The Covenant on Socio-Economic and Cultural Rights
- Protocols prohibiting the death penalty and the right to an individual complaint.

And more International agreements

National law:
The Constitution;
Laws and bylaws;
Acts of state institutions;
Rules and regulations of the Municipal Councils in the Municipalities;
Acts of the Mayors of Municipalities.
Associations
NGOs

mmihaylova2 — 2020-05-21 17:58:17 UTC

NATIONAL OMBUDSMAN

mm_mihaylova2 — 2020-05-29 16:32:34 UTC

Commission for Protection against Discrimination

mm_mihaylova2 — 2020-05-29 16:35:55 UTC

National Legal Aid Bureau

mm_mihaylova2 — 2020-05-29 16:40:53 UTC

Agency for people with disabilities

mm_mihaylova2 — 2020-05-29 16:46:32 UTC

Commission for Personal Data Protection

mm_mihaylova2 — 2020-05-29 16:47:53 UTC

mm_mihaylova2 — 2020-05-29 16:55:44 UTC

Association for European Integration and Human Rights

Consumer Protection Commission

mm_mihaylova2 — 2020-05-29 16:56:39 UTC

NATIONAL AND REGIONAL LEVEL

mm_mihaylova2 — 2020-05-29 16:58:26 UTC

EUROPEAN OMBUDSMSN

mm_mihaylova2 — 2020-05-29 17:03:31 UTC

INTERNATIONAL LEVEL

mm_mihaylova2 — 2020-05-29 17:14:47 UTC

mm_mihaylova2 — 2020-05-29 17:25:26 UTC

mm_mihaylova2 — 2020-05-29 17:25:56 UTC

NGOs

mm_mihaylova2 — 2020-05-29 17:26:47 UTC

Bulgarian human rights lawyers

mm_mihaylova2 — 2020-05-29 17:27:48 UTC

Center for Independent Living Human rights for people with disabilities

mm_mihaylova2 — 2020-05-29 17:30:30 UTC

National Commission for Combating Trafficking in Human Beings

mm_mihaylova2 — 2020-05-29 17:36:33 UTC

Bulgarian Helsinki Committee

mm_mihaylova2 — 2020-05-29 17:38:36 UTC

access of people with disabilities to all institutions and public places

mmihaylova2 — 2020-06-09 15:43:39 UTC

opportunities for free visits to cinemas, theaters, concerts, exhibitions, excursions for the elderly, the disabled and the socially disadvantaged

mmihaylova2 — 2020-06-09 15:48:17 UTC

additional cash benefits for low-income people

mmihaylova2 — 2020-06-09 15:49:43 UTC

providing jobs and income in small settlements

mmihaylova2 — 2020-06-09 15:51:22 UTC

providing free home assistants for sick people

mmihaylova2 — 2020-06-09 15:53:13 UTC

providing free administrative and legal rights services to the poor and the elderly

mmihaylova2 — 2020-06-09 15:57:17 UTC

SCHOOL

mmihaylova2 — 2020-06-09 16:08:44 UTC

When choosing a comprehensive school, there are important factors to consider:

does the school have good practices with other students with hearing impairments and special technical means;
Does the school have specialists, albeit external ones, to work with the child (resource teacher, hearing and speech rehabilitator, psychologist);
whether there are children from the student's circle of friends or siblings who are in this school or are about to study there.

A key element of support is cooperation between teachers and school professionals. Parental involvement in this team is also an integral part of the process, as parents are the ones who know the child best and can provide accurate enough information to make his or her life easier in the new environment.

mmihaylova2 — 2020-06-09 16:23:50 UTC

Freedom of speech is closely linked to freedom of opinion, religion and conscience, because the freedom to formulate and maintain ideas acquires real value when they can be expressed freely.

Article 11 - Freedom of expression and information

mmihaylova2 — 2020-06-09 16:25:04 UTC

1. Everyone has the right to freedom of expression. This right shall include freedom to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers. This article shall not prevent States from requiring the licensing of broadcasting, television or cinema enterprises.
2. The exercise of these freedoms, since it carries with it duties and responsibilities, may be subject to such formalities, conditions, restrictions or penalties as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society, in the interests of national security, territorial integrity or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, for the protection of the reputation or rights of others, for preventing the disclosure of information received in confidence, or for maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary."

mmihaylova2 — 2020-06-09 16:28:12 UTC

mmihaylova2 — 2020-06-09 16:29:02 UTC

mmihaylova2 — 2020-06-09 16:30:12 UTC

Hate speech and violence

mmihaylova2 — 2020-06-09 16:31:52 UTC

Hate speech covers many forms of expressions which spread, incite, promote or justify hatred, violence and discrimination against a person or group of persons for a variety of reasons.
It poses grave dangers for the cohesion of a democratic society, the protection of human rights and the rule of law. If left unaddressed, it can lead to acts of violence and conflict on a wider scale. In this sense hate speech is an extreme form of intolerance which contributes to hate crime.

Aware of the dangerous link between hate speech and violence, ECRI has always considered that criminal prohibition is necessary when hate speech publicly incites violence against individuals or groups of people. At the same time criminal sanctions should be used as a measure of last resort and, all along, a balance must be kept between fighting hate speech on the one hand, and safeguarding freedom of speech on the other. Any restrictions on hate speech should not be misused to silence minorities and to suppress criticism of official policies, political opposition or religious beliefs.

In many instances, ECRI has found that an effective approach to tackling hate speech, in particular cyberhate, is self-regulation by public and private institutions, media and the Internet industry, such as the adoption of codes of conduct accompanied by sanctions for non-compliance. Education and counter-speech are also equally important in fighting the misconceptions and misinformation that form the basis of hate speech. Therefore, ECRI considers that effective action against the use of hate speech requires raising public awareness of the importance of respecting pluralism and of the dangers posed by hate speech.

Underreporting of hate speech and hate-motivated violence is another unfortunate feature of these two phenomena. Victims rarely report incidents to the authorities for fear of retaliation or of not being taken seriously, or because they have no confidence in the justice system. This contributes to lack data which makes it difficult to quantify the extent of the problem and take effective measures to address it. ECRI recommends states to provide practical support to those targeted by hate speech and violence: they should be made aware of their rights to redress through administrative, civil and criminal proceedings and encouraged to report to the authorities, and receive legal and psychological assistance.

mmihaylova2 — 2020-06-09 16:36:38 UTC

According to ECRI’s General Policy Recommendation No. 15, hate speech is based on the unjustified assumption that a person or a group of persons are superior to others; it incites acts of violence or discrimination, thus undermining respect for minority groups and damaging social cohesion. In this recommendation, ECRI calls for speedy reactions by public figures to hate speech; promotion of self-regulation of media; raising awareness of the dangerous consequences of hate speech; withdrawing financial and other support from political parties that actively use hate speech; and criminalising its most extreme manifestations, while respecting freedom of expression. Anti-hate speech measures must be well-founded, proportionate, non-discriminatory, and not be misused to curb freedom of expression or assembly nor to suppress criticism of official policies, political opposition and religious beliefs.

mmihaylova2 — 2020-06-09 16:38:12 UTC

mmihaylova2 — 2020-06-09 16:38:41 UTC