Crytography by Rohan Sai Nalla https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata en-us 2022-09-03 00:14:24 UTC 2025-12-18 15:21:40 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-uploads.storage.googleapis.com/1789185402/f64b937723b10c2b8df924f1eb28fd19/icons8_enigma_cryptocurrency_64__1_.png Cryptography 101 rona8789 https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281248608 Here's an article briefly discussing the basics of Cryptography and it's integration to the realm of cybersecurity.]]> 2022-09-03 00:36:11 UTC https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281248608 The Role of Cryptography in Cybersecurity rona8789 https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281251163 Cryptography is an integral part of CIA triad. The three elements of the triad are the fundamentals of Cyber Security. Cryptography ensures the integrity of data using hashing algorithms and message digests. By providing codes and digital keys to ensure that what is received is genuine and from the intended sender, the receiver is assured that the data received has not been tampered with during transmission.]]> 2022-09-03 00:43:52 UTC https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281251163 Classification Tree of Cryptography rona8789 https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281546378
1. Symmetric Key Cryptography (Private Key)
2. Asymmetric Key Cryptography (Public Key)
3. Hashing]]> 2022-09-03 15:42:59 UTC https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281546378 Symmetric Key Encryption rona8789 https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281549975 Symmetric encryption is a type of encryption where only one key (a secret key) is used to both encrypt and decrypt electronic data. The entities communicating via symmetric encryption must exchange the key so that it can be used in the decryption process. This encryption method differs from asymmetric encryption where a pair of keys - one public and one private - is used to encrypt and decrypt messages.]]> 2022-09-03 15:52:06 UTC https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281549975 Asymmetric Key Encryption rona8789 https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281569651 Asymmetric Encryption uses two distinct, yet related keys. One key, the Public Key, is used for encryption and the other, the Private Key, is for decryption. As implied in the name, the Private Key is intended to be private so that only the authenticated recipient can decrypt the message. RSA, Diffie Hellman, and DES are the prominent algorithms which are based on Asymmetric Key Encryption]]> 2022-09-03 16:39:59 UTC https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281569651 Predominantly used Cryto-Algorithms rona8789 https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281573825 2022-09-03 16:50:09 UTC https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281573825 Hashing 101 -- Cryptographic Hash Functions rona8789 https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281576853 2022-09-03 16:56:14 UTC https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281576853 Diffie Hellman Key Exchange rona8789 https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281577843 Diffie-Hellman key exchange, also called exponential key exchange, is a method of digital encryption that uses numbers raised to specific powers to produce decryption keys on the basis of components that are never directly transmitted, making the task of a would-be code breaker mathematically overwhelming.]]> 2022-09-03 16:59:05 UTC https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281577843 Primary differentiators of Private Key and Public Key Encryption rona8789 https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281579152 2022-09-03 17:02:48 UTC https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281579152 Digital Signatures rona8789 https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281586339 A digital signature is a cryptographic output used to verify the authenticity of data. A digital signature algorithm allows for two distinct operations: a signing operation, which uses a signing key to produce a signature over raw data. The most common use cases are listed as follows

  • Financial transactions: online banking.
  • Credit card processing.
  • SSL VPN.
  • Handling S/MIME mail.
  • Handling XML encryption.
  • Signing data using a smart card.
  • Signing an authentication challenge.
  • Decrypt a message using private asymmetric key.
]]> 2022-09-03 17:23:27 UTC https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281586339 The Secure Hashing Algorithm rona8789 https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281589301 2022-09-03 17:31:56 UTC https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281589301 Hashing Playground rona8789 https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281589394 2022-09-03 17:32:16 UTC https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281589394 Enigma -- The Ultimate Cipher Generator rona8789 https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281590770 The Enigma machine is a cipher device developed and used in the early- to mid-20th century to protect commercial, diplomatic, and military communication. It was employed extensively by Nazi Germany during World War II, in all branches of the German military. The Enigma machine was considered so secure that it was used to encipher the most top-secret messages.

The Algorithm -- Key elements

This section will talk about the Enigma I aka Wehrmacht Enigma, other variants are similar in operation. The 'key' for the enigma consists of several elements:

  1. The rotors and their order
  2. The rotor start positions
  3. The ringstellung, or ring settings
  4. Steckerverbindungen, or plug board settings


]]> 2022-09-03 17:35:36 UTC https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281590770 Ancient Cryptography -- Caesar's Cipher rona8789 https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281591695 2022-09-03 17:37:25 UTC https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281591695 Prominence of Cryptography rona8789 https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281592048 2022-09-03 17:38:36 UTC https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281592048 A fitting theme rona8789 https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281592772 2022-09-03 17:40:30 UTC https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281592772 Euler's Theorem rona8789 https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281597090
The RSA cryptosystem is based on this theorem: it implies that the inverse of the function a ↦ ae mod n, where e is the (public) encryption exponent, is the function b ↦ bd mod n, where d, the (private) decryption exponent, is the multiplicative inverse of e modulo φ(n). 

]]> 2022-09-03 17:51:41 UTC https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281597090 R.L. Rivest, A. Shamir, and L. Adleman rona8789 https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281597526 Abstract 
An encryption method is presented with the novel property that publicly revealing an encryption key does not thereby reveal the corresponding decryption
key. This has two important consequences:
1. Couriers or other secure means are not needed to transmit keys, since a
message can be enciphered using an encryption key publicly revealed by
the intended recipient. Only he can decipher the message, since only he
knows the corresponding decryption key.
2. A message can be “signed” using a privately held decryption key. Anyone
can verify this signature using the corresponding publicly revealed encryption key. Signatures cannot be forged, and a signer cannot later deny
the validity of his signature. This has obvious applications in “electronic
mail” and “electronic funds transfer” systems.]]> 2022-09-03 17:53:03 UTC https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281597526 Security of RSA rona8789 https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281598022 Security of RSA 
Five possible approaches to attacking the RSA algorithm are 
• Brute force: This involves trying all possible private keys.
• Mathematical attacks: There are several approaches, all equivalent in effort to factoring the product of two primes.
• Timing attacks: These depend on the running time of the decryption algorithm.
• Chosen cipher text attacks: This type of attack exploits properties of the RSA algorithm. 
Brute-force approach is the same for RSA as for other cryptosystems, namely, to use a large key space.
 Thus, the larger the number of bits in d, the better.
 Because the calculations involved, both in key generation and in encryption/decryption, are 
complex, the larger the size of the key, the slower the system will run. 
]]> 2022-09-03 17:54:30 UTC https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281598022 AES vs DES rona8789 https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281598399 2022-09-03 17:55:34 UTC https://padlet.com/rona8789/cysecdata/wish/2281598399