https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7 Made with a warm hug en-us 2019-01-30 12:12:38 UTC 2024-11-28 11:47:25 UTC hello@padlet.com taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795787 Nucleiod - controls activity, transcription & replication of DNA happen here
Plasmid - may contain genes enhancing the survival of a cell
Flagellum - increase reproduction raters, sense changes in environment, movement
Slime coat - protects from dehydration, helps attachment & nutrients
Mesosome - contains enzymes for respiration]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:46 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795787 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795788 On organ has several tissues working together performing a specific function.
E.g the eye has nervous, connective. muscle & epithelial and is the organ of sight.
Leaves contain epidermal, vascular & packing tissue, which is specialised for photosynthesis.]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:46 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795788 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795789 An organ system is a group of organs working together with a particular role.
E.g. Digestive(stomach, ileum), Circulatory(heart, aorta) & respiratory(trachea, lungs)]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795789 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795790 Connects, supports & separates tissues and organs. It contains elastin & collage fibres in an extracellular fluid or matrix. Between fibres are fat-storing cells(adipocytes) & cells of the immune system.]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795790 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795791 All..
DNA lose in cytoplasm, murrain cell wall, 70S ribosomes, cytoplasm & cell membrane

Some..
slime coat, flagella, photosynthetic lamellae holding photosynthetic pigment, mesosome & plasmids.]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795791 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795792 HIV is a lentivirus(subgroup of retrovirus). It infects a host cell by attacking & fusing with it. The viral RNA is converted into DNA, the virus uses the host cell's machines to replicate itself during a process called transcription.


]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795792 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795794 Epithelial tissue forms a continuous layer, covering or lining the internal/external surface. Epithelia have no blood vessels, but can have nerve endings. The cell sits on a basement membrane(made of collagen & protein), they vary in shape & complicity. They often have a protective or secretory function.
Simple squamous - wall of alveoli, skin
Simple cuboidal - kidney, small intestine, surface of ovaries
Simple columnar - in bronchus transporting mucus, fallopian tubes transporting ova]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795794 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795795 Skeletal - It's attached to bone & causes movement, it has bands of long cells(fibres in bundles. It is voluntary muscle. The fibres form a striped or striated pattern.
Smooth - Individual spindle shape cells that contract rhythmically, but less powerfully than skeletal. Occurs in walls of blood cells & in digestive and respiratory tracts. Involuntary muscle & don't have stripes, called unstriped or unstriated.
Cardiac - Only found in the heart, its structure & properties are in between the other two types. The cells have stripes but lack long fibres of skeletal muscle. They contract rhythmically(involuntary) but can modify their contractions. Cardiac muscles don't tire.]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795795 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795796 So small, can only be seen with an electron microscope. Not made of cells so called 'acellular'. Outside a living cell(host), a virus exists as a virion. ]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795796 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795797 Made of a core of nucleic acid(DNA or RNA) & surrounded by a capsid(protein coat). Don't reproduce, tiny amount of genetic information, many viruses produce strains(variants).
Examples: Ebola, flu, avian flu(birds), cauliflower mosaic virus(plants)

]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795797 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795798 Coccus/cocci - spherical
Bacillus/bacilli - rod
Spirochete - spiral ]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795798 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795799 As far back as 1883, the division of chloroplasts was seen to closely resemble that of free cyanobacteria. Mitochondria & chloroplasts have circular DNA & 70S ribosomes. Suggesting at least 1.5 x 10⁹ years ago, some ancient bacteria with fluid membranes engulfed others & maintained a symbiotic relationship. Some of the bacteria were good at turning glucose and oxygen into ATP, evolving into mitochondria & others were good at turning carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, evolving into chloroplasts. ]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795799 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795800 The membrane that surrounds the vacuole to protect & isolate it from harmful substances. Water flow in the vacuole is regulated by tonoplast.]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795800 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795801 Compromises membranes that lack ribosomes. It's associated with the synthesis & transport of lipids. Cells storing large quantities of carbs, proteins & fats, liver cells have ER.]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795801 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795802 Consists largely of cellulose. The cells functions: transport - the gap between fibres makes it fully permeable for water & dissolved molecules & ions. The space which they move through is called the apoplast. Cell wall can become turgid when the vacuole is full & is strong because of microfibrils. Also for communication between cells, pits where cytoplasm can pass through(plasmodesmata).]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795802 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795803 Function of mitochondria is to produce ATP in aerobic respiration. The cristae provides large surface area for the attachment of enzymes in respiration. Small DNA enabling them to self-replicate. Organic matrix containing lipids & proteins.]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795803 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795804 2019-01-30 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795804 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795805 Nucleus contains DNA which, with protein, compromises chromosomes. The granular material within it is the nucleoplasm where chromatin is. DNA is also provides a template for DNA replication. Within the nucleus is the nucleolus.]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795805 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795806 Condenses before cell division to form chromosomes.]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795806 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795807 They have ribosomes on the outer surface & transport the proteins made there. RER is present in large amounts in cells that make a lot of protein, cells making amylases in salivary glands]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795807 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795808 Smaller in prokaryotes(70S) than eukaryotes(80S). They have 1 large & 1 small subunit. They are important in protein synthesis, they are the site of translation, where mRNA is used to assemble the polypeptide chain.]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795808 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795809 Connects cells via cytoplasm filled canals which pass through cell walls. Allows transport via the symplastic pathway.]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:47 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795809 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795811 Most plant cells have a large, permanent vacuole which has a fluid-filled sac bounded by a single membrane, the tonoplast. Cell sap contains chemicals such as glucose, amino acids & minerals. Large role in supporting soft plant tissues.]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:48 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795811 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795812 Proteins are modified & packaged in the Golgi body, at the other end the vesicles containing the proteins are pinched off. These may carry proteins in the cell or fuse with the cell membrane & secreting them by exocytosis. Functions- producing glycoproteins, forming lysosomes & transporting & storing lipids.]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:48 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795812 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795813 Small, temporary vacuoles surrounded by a membrane formed by being pinched off from the Golgi body. Contain & isolate potentially harmful digestive enzymes. They release enzymes when the need to recycle worn out organelles.]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:48 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795813 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795814 Two rings of microtubules, making hollow cylinders positioned at 90 degree angles to one another. Together are called the centrosome. During cell division, centrioles organise microtubules to create the spindle.]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:48 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795814 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795815 Produces rRNA, tRNA & ribosomes.]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:48 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795815 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795816 Each chloroplast is surrounded by 2 membranes, the storma contains some products of photosynthesis, they contain 70S ribosomes & circular DNA enabling them to self-replicate. In the storma is flattened sacs called thylakoids(a stack is. granum). Chlorophyll is found in the geranium. ]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:48 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795816 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795817 2019-01-30 12:12:48 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795817 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795818 A single celled organism lacking membrane-bound organelles, such as a nucleus with its DNA free in the cytoplasm.
Oldest found over 3.5 billion years ago, literally means without a nucleus. An example would be E. coli - single cell(unicellular)

]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:48 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795818 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795820 Separates the content of the nucleus from the cytoplasm.]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:48 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795820 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795822 Allows the transport of mRNA & ribosomes out of the nucleus.]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:48 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795822 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795823 An organism containing cells that have membrane-bound organelles, with DNA in chromosomes within the nucleus.]]> 2019-01-30 12:12:48 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795823 taylorkeates https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795824 2019-01-30 12:12:48 UTC https://padlet.com/taylorkeates/f30i89x7fft7/wish/325795824