THUS I descended out of the first circle
Down to the second, that less space begirds,
And so much greater dole, that goads to wailing.

 The tone of the passage is despair and hopeless tragedy

By word choice that has the tone of sadness 

1.  goad means to provoke or annoy

word choice like: abyss, thus and foremost.

1. abyss has  a very negative connotation
2.  it feels like he is being led around and has no control of his own actions.
3. use of words like thus to add a more heroic feel

asyndeton, the author uses asyndeton to create a choppy heroic feel.

That they sinned not; and if they merit had,
’Tis not enough, because they had not baptism
Which is the portal of the Faith thou holdest;

And if they were before Christianity,
In the right manner they adored not God;
And among such as these am I myself

 The tone of the passage is remorseful and hostile

Word choice in the beginning such as," That they sinned not; and if they merit had," which is interpreted negatively.

1. The line  "adored not God," shows that there were some people and especially babies and children who did not grow up knowing or loving god.
2. The line "they merit had," tells the reader that the people and children were good people who committed no crimes except for not praising god.
3. The line "Which is the portal of the Faith," refers to being baptized when you are young.

Hence he drew forth the shade of the First Parent,
And that of his son Abel, and of Noah,
Of Moses the lawgiver, and the obedient

Abraham, patriarch, and David, king,
Israel with his father and his children,
And Rachel, for whose sake he did so much,

 hopeful
sympathetic
powerful

 he used the word choices, such as drew forth and so much, to show how much power Jesus had and how he could choose who he brought up from hell. And used the names of the people and who with the basic knowledge both people have of those names, made it more sympathetic, because they were followers of Jesus. Finally, made it clear Jesus was basically saving these people from hell to give the more hopeful tone. 

1.  "Hence he drew forth" - shows the actions of Jesus saving them
2.  "whose sake he did so much" shows that Jesus was saving the ones who deserved to be saved
3. " and the obedient" these people were the ones loyal to Jesus, and who truly followed him and did not disobey him

 allusion- mentions bible references and names of people from bible.

"That they sinned not; and if they merit had,
’Tis not enough, because they had not baptism
Which is the portal of the Faith thou holdest;"

 The tone is anger and wishing he had a fair chance at making it to heaven.
-anger
-remorse
-longing
-desparation

 He created this tone by explaining how some people had no chance of going to heaven. If you weren't born at the right time period/place you were bound to go to Hell.

1.  "sinned not"-different people have different point of views
2.  "not baptism"-one of the reasons you go to the first level of Hell
3. "portal"-whether or not you will go to Hell...you will go through this

Repetition-he keeps repeating the word "they" wanting to show a certain group of people.

“O thou who honourest every art and science,
Who may these be, which such great honour have,
That from the fashion of the rest it parts them?”

 Mystified

 He used question marks, and lots of questions without answers.

1.  Can I get two number 9s a number 9 large a number 6 with extra dip a number 7 and two number 45's one with cheese and a large soda?
2.  "O thou who honourest every art and science"- We though this this was referring to Dante's inability to comprehend the fact that people who have spent their life devoted to art and science have been sent to spend their entire existence in eternal boredom.
3. "That from the fashion of the rest it parts them?” We thought this was Dante pondering what about these people of mention made them spend the rest of eternity in hell instead of heaven.
   
   

"And this arose from sorrow without torment,
Which the crowds had, that many were and great
Of infants and of women and of men.

To me the Master good: “Thou dost not ask
What spirits these, which thou beholdest, are?
Now will I have thee know, ere thou go farther,

That they sinned not; and if they merit had,
’Tis not enough, because they had not baptism
Which is the portal of the Faith thou holdest;

And if they were before Christianity,
In the right manner they adored not God;
And among such as these am I myself

For such defects, and not for other guilt,
Lost are we and are only so far punished,
That without hope we live on in desire.”

 The tone of this passage is grim because it is dark. He is confused and concerned why there are babies in Hell because they couldn't do anything about their religion. 

 He created it through the shock and surprise in the word choice. He didn't know why children were being punished for something they didn't know or could control. 

1.  "they were before Christianity" - to us this means they had no choice in whether to believe in Christ or not.
2.  "That they sinned not" - even though they could have done good things, they are punished
3. "they had not baptism" - people who were not baptized are sent to Hell even is they are innocent. 

"Of infants and of women and of men." because they wording matches up evenly.

There standeth Minos horribly, and snarls;
Examines the transgressions at the entrance;
Judges, and sends according as he girds him.

I say, that when the spirit evil-born
Cometh before him, wholly it confesses;
And this discriminator of transgressions

Seeth what place in Hell is meet for it;
Girds himself with his tail as many times
As grades he wishes it should be thrust down.

 The tone is very  foreboding and alarming. It gives a sense of future torture.

 This tone was created through Minos and his word choice. He uses words that describe Minos are dark and creepy. The person waiting to go to hell is anxious and waiting for Minos's decision with his tail.

1.  "There standeth Minos horribly, and snarls" He is illustrating Minos as evil and mysterious.
2.  "Examines the transgressions at the entrance; Judges, and sends according as he girds them." The person is waiting in anxiety for Minos's decision. Their fate for the rest of eternity depends on his tail.
3. "Girds himself with his tail as many times As grades he wishes it should be thrust down." Minos uses his tail as an indicator of the level. The tail represents the anxiety it gives the people entering hell.

There standeth Minos horribly, and snarls;
Examines the transgressions at the entrance;
Judges, and sends according as he girds him.

 The tone of this passage is dark and mysterious.

 Dante Alighieri creates this tone with the words horribly, snarls, examines, transgressions and grids. These words give off a dark, creepy and mysterious vibe.

1. The Minos present himself as horrible and snarly 
2.  They instantly become judged and examined
3. Girds him/ a scary hell word

"And round about I moved my rested eyes,
Uprisen erect, and steadfastly I gazed,
To recognise the place wherein I was."

 The tone of this passage is confusion

 He created this tone by using imagery words that describe someone just waking up and not understanding where they are at first but soon come to recognize where they are. 

1.  "I moved my rested eyes"- implies the thought of someone who was once resting/someone who just woke up
2. "Steadfastly I gazed"-Looking around with a purpose because they are unsure of where they are
3. To recognize the place wherein I was."-Shows that once they actually looked up, they knew where they were it just took him a little effort

1. Identify and explain the function of 1 writing technique or literary device in the passage:

 Dante uses imagery to help the reader understand what he is writing

I understood that unto such a torment
The carnal malefactors were condemned,
Who reason subjugate to appetite.

And as the wings of starlings bear them on
In the cold season in large band and full,
So doth that blast the spirits maledict;

It hither, thither, downward, upward, drives them;
No hope doth comfort them for evermore,
Not of repose, but even of lesser pain.

The tone of this passage is dark and sorrowful.  

 Dante did this by describing people the punishments were used on and saying that the people there didn't pray for a stop, just for a lessening. 

1.  The words reason subjugate to appetite. Say that they gave in to lust rather than what they should have done.
2.  
3. 
   

BROKE the deep lethargy within my head
A heavy thunder, so that I upstarted,
Like to a person who by force is wakened;

And round about I moved my rested eyes,
Uprisen erect, and steadfastly I gazed,
To recognise the place wherein I was.

True is it, that upon the verge I found me
Of the abysmal valley dolorous,
That gathers thunder of infinite ululations.

Obscure, profound it was, and nebulous,
So that by fixing on its depths my sight
Nothing whatever I discerned therein.

The tone of this passage is very dark and is no place anyone would want to be.

Dante Alighieri created this tone through using lots of specific word choice and imagery. 

1.  "Like to a person who by force is wakened..." This is an example of a simile that is showing what Dante is going through.
2.  "And round about I moved my rested eyes..." This shows that Dante is looking around, maybe trying to figure out where he is.
3. "True is it, that upon the verge I found me..."  Dante found himself and learned more about himself through this situation.

 Throughout the whole passage, there is asyndeton. The story just keeps going without conjunctions, but there is a lot of punction.