https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c By Athin Ishaq and McKenna Graham en-us 2018-02-28 19:14:06 UTC 2025-10-28 15:06:10 UTC hello@padlet.com 213158 https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/236617612 CNN - Muhammad Ali's health battle: What is Parkinson's disease?
Telegraph - His longest round: Muhammad Ali's fight with Parkinson's Disease
McGill - Pet Studies Demonstration
Time - The Complicated Link Between Muhammad Ali's Death and Boxing
(MG and AI)]]> 2018-02-28 19:19:02 UTC https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/236617612 213158 https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/236618723 Famous boxer and activist Muhammad Ali was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease, which is believed to be a result of his boxing career, in 1984 and died on June 3, 2016. As his disease developed, he had difficulty speaking and using his motor skills. Ali helped raise awareness for the disease, and along with his wife, he founded the Muhammad Ali Parkinson Center to aid those afflicted with the disease. (AI)]]> 2018-02-28 19:20:34 UTC https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/236618723 mckennagraham https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/236621168 In 1980, doctors made a report saying Muhammad Ali had a small hole in his cerebral cortex, a tingling sensation in his hands, and slurred speech. His slurred speech began in 1978. (MG)]]> 2018-02-28 19:24:24 UTC https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/236621168 mckennagraham https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/236621332 It is unknown whether Ali's Parkinson's was caused by head trauma from boxing, or from genes for Parkinson's and exposure to pesticides. A mutation in the LRRK2 gene, which is passed down the generations, is the known genetic cause of Parkinson's. (MG)]]> 2018-02-28 19:24:33 UTC https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/236621332 mckennagraham https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/236621448 Parkinson's is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which leads to a decrease in dopamine levels (below is a picture of dopamine in a normal brain and a Parkinson's brain). It starts outs as small tremors or muscle stiffness. Symptoms will worsen with time and tremors and lack of muscle control will spread to the rest of the body. (AI)]]> 2018-02-28 19:24:41 UTC https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/236621448 mckennagraham https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/236621544 The symptoms that Muhammad Ali had, while also symptoms for Parkinson's, were that of a condition known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), which contributes to brain diseases like Parkinson's. Below is an image of a normal brain and the brain of someone with CTE. (MG)]]> 2018-02-28 19:24:49 UTC https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/236621544 mckennagraham https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/237217726 By 1981, Ali experienced consistent fatigue, his hands had tremors, and he would often drool. His speed and reflexes had decreased, so he developed a new method. He would let his opponents hit him until they tired, allowing him to counter-attack, but this technique may have worsened his neurological damage. (AI)]]> 2018-03-01 22:35:22 UTC https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/237217726 mckennagraham https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/237217766 When Ali attempted to light the Olympic torch in 1996, his arm and upper body shook violently. Attached is a clip of his effort to overcome his disease, which elicited sympathy from the audience. (AI)]]> 2018-03-01 22:35:32 UTC https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/237217766 mckennagraham https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/237218179 As Ali got older, his symptoms worsened; his speech was extremely slurred, he had very bad tremors, and he became very frail. Below is a video of Ali doing an interview in 1991; his speech is clearly very slurred and his movement is slow. (MG)]]> 2018-03-01 22:37:37 UTC https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/237218179 213158 https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/237219687 2018-03-01 22:44:35 UTC https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/237219687 mckennagraham https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/237226491 Parkinson's does not have a cure, but patients are given medication or treatment to lessen symptoms. Levodopa is prescribed so the patient's brain will produce more dopamine. They may also try deep brain stimulation, where electrodes are implanted in the brain and emits pulses (pictured below). Another treatment is surgery that implants fetal dopamine cells tissue into the patient's brain produces tremendous result, with patients reporting up to 50% less symptoms than previously. (AI)]]> 2018-03-01 23:23:02 UTC https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/237226491 213158 https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/237232331 Muhammad Ali
Medical Information 1
Medical Information 2
Medical Information 3
Medical Information 4
(MG and AI)]]> 2018-03-01 23:51:11 UTC https://padlet.com/213158/f1r3c8qly84c/wish/237232331