Retrieved from: Cleveland Clinic's main website (my.clevelandclinic.org).

Target audience: Diabetics who require insulin injections; students researching insulin.

Evidence based content: Yes. Based on journal articles, research studies.

Scholarly article supporting: Starting insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes: An individualized approach.

Reference:
Brateanu, A., Russo-Alvarez, G., & Nielsen, C. (2015). Starting insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes: An individualized approach. Cleveland Cinic Journal of Medicine, 82(8), 513-519. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.82a.14069

Benefits of content: This content is beneficial to the general public, especially newly diagnosed diabetics, as it speaks to the reader in a generalized manner and provides quaility information. It is also based on clinical data that is researched directly at the Cleveland Clinic.

DEI criteria: no biases noted, general inclusivity

Retrieved from: You Tube.

Target audience: Diabetics, diabetics looking to resolve diabetes without medication.

Evidenced based content: Yes. Content information based on the American Diabetes Association article.

Scholarly article supporting: Type 2 Diabetes Remission: A New Mission in Diabetes Care

Reference: Taheri, S. (2023). Type 2 Diabetes Remission: A New Mission in Diabetes Care. Diabetes Care, 47(1), 47-49. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.2337/dci23-0062

Benefits of content: Content is beneficial to Type 2 Diabetics who want to regain stricter glycemic control and progress beyond disease control by pharmaceutical means.

DEI criteria: General inclusivity, although the research study was based on Type 2 Diabetics. The content is relevant to the general public.

Retrieved from: American Diabetes Association (ADA) website.

Target audience: diabetics, families of diabetics, fitness instructors, healthcare providers.

Evidence based content: Yes. Relevant, current, and factual information from ADA website

Scholarly article supporting: Effect of exercise training on physical fitness in type II diabetes mellitus

Reference: Larose, J., Sigal, R. J., Boulé, N. G., Wells, G. A., Prud'homme, D., Fortier, M. S., Reid, R. D., Tulloch, H., Coyle, D., Phillips, P., Jennings, A., Khandwala, F., & Kenny, G. P. (2010). Effect of exercise training on physical fitness in type II diabetes mellitus. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 42(8), 1439–1447. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181d322dd

Benefits of content: Content is beneficial as it provides information on a range of exercise topics and the benefits directly related to diabetes management and prevention.

DEI criteria: No DEI biases. General inclusivity.

Targeted audience: diabetes researchers and specialists, endocrinologists, health care professionals, diabetics.

Evidence based content: Yes. Podcasts are hosted by endocrinologists who interview authors of evidence based research articles. This specific episode was recorded at the ADA's 2025 Scientific Sessions highlighting new research. This years session concentrated on new treatments for diabetics and ground breaking research. The supporting article I chose was published in January of 2025.

Scholarly article supporting: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: New Pathogenetic Mechanisms, Treatment and the Most Important Complications

References: Młynarska E, Czarnik W, Dzieża N, Jędraszak W, Majchrowicz G, Prusinowski F, Stabrawa M, Rysz J, Franczyk B. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: New Pathogenetic Mechanisms, Treatment and the Most Important Complications. Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jan 27;26(3):1094. doi: 10.3390/ijms26031094. PMID: 39940862; PMCID: PMC11817707.

Benefits of content: The content of the podcast is beneficial to healthcare providers who are interested in the latest research, treatments and devices used in conjunction with treating diabetic patients. It allows access to the session for those who could not attend.

DEI criteria: Content had no biases in regard to diversity, although certain topics may have been targeted to patients of a specific age, gender or ethnic group as it relates to research.

Retrieved from: Diabetes Strong website.

Target audience: Diabetics.

Evidence based content: Yes. Author is registered dietician and all articles are fact-checked by Doctors, Diabetes Educators, Registered Dietitians, and other experts from the website's Medical Review Board. (no references or citations noted in article)

Scholarly article supporting: Training of Carbohydrate Estimation for People with Diabetes Using Mobile Augmented Reality

Reference: Domhardt, M., Tiefengrabner, M., Dinic, R., Fötschl, U., Oostingh, G. J., Stütz, T., Stechemesser, L., Weitgasser, R., & Ginzinger, S. W. (2015). Training of carbohydrate estimation for people with diabetes using mobile augmented reality. Journal of diabetes science and technology, 9(3), 516–524. https://doi.org/10.1177/1932296815578880

Benefits of content: Content is beneficial to diabetics who may be struggling with food choices while eating out and still attempting to maintain glycemic control. Provides a tool to allow diabetics to make healthy options and still enjoy dining experiences outside of the home.

DEI criteria: Content has no diversity biases. There is no exclusion of people with dietary restrictions, the content advised how to count calories and carbohydrates in restaurant food choices. Content has no biases in regard to any socioeconomic, ethnic or gender groups.

Retrieved from: You Tube.

Target audience: diabetics, healthcare providers. Content is evidence based (based on manufacturers research: Libre, Dexcom)

Evidence based content: Yes. Utilizes the information provided by manufacturers Libre (www.freestyleabbott.com) and Dexcom (www.dexcom.com) with supporting references.

Scholarly article supporting: Comparison of Point Accuracy Between Two Widely Used Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems

Reference: Hanson, K., Kipnes, M., & Tran, H. (2024). Comparison of Point Accuracy Between Two Widely Used Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems. Journal of diabetes science and technology, 18(3), 598–607. https://doi.org/10.1177/19322968231225676

Benefits of content: this information can assist diabetics who are interested in obtaining a CGM and have no previous knowledge. It is an introduction to the basics of each of the two most popular devices. It can also be used as a resource for healthcare providers to provide to newly diagnosed diabetic patients.

DEI criteria: No biases noted.

Retrieved from: Dr Stephanie's website (www.drstephanies.com)

Target audience: Diabetics, consumers inquiring about weight loss medications

Evidence based content: No, not accurate. This website's mother company, Pharmaganic, LLC, is one of 10 companies that have received letters from the FDA & FTC regarding the false claims. Pharmaganics LLC - 614576 - 09/07/2021 | FDA

Scholarly article supporting: Safety and Efficacy of Dietary Supplements for Diabetes

Reference: Cross, L. V., & Thomas, J. R. (2021). Safety and Efficacy of Dietary Supplements for Diabetes. Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association, 34(1), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.2337/ds19-0068

Benefits of content: Content is not beneficial, it can be harmful due to misleading and false information. Can be enticing for those who have had no resolution with conventional medication or those looking for a cure-all.

DEI criteria: This content is biased as it targets those who are looking for quick, non-conforming methods for their ailment. It can also be directed toward those of lower socioeconomic statuses who do not have medical insurance.

Retrieved from: CDC website

Target audience: Diabetic patients, general public

Evidence based content: Yes. CDC website and references.

Scholarly article supporting: Stigma perception and determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iraq

Reference: Taher, T. M. J., Ahmed, H. A., Abutiheen, A. A., Alfadhul, S. A., & Ghazi, H. F. (2023). Stigma perception and determinants among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Iraq. The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 98(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42506-023-00145-5

Benefits of content: This content is not only beneficial to diabetics, but the general public as well. The stigma is created from false ideas surrounding diabetes and a skewed perspective of society; you witness someone injecting themselves with something, most people's thoughts would be of an illicit substance. This education can increase the awareness of diabetes and what it entails for the patient.

DEI criteria: Content is specifically based on diabetic patients, but the information is useful to the general public.

Retrieved from: Spotify.

Target audience: Black, indigenous and other people of color (BIPOC) living with or affected by diabetes.

Evidence based content: Yes. This episode's content is presented by Dr. Arleen Tuchman, author of Diabetes A History of Race and Disease and a professor of History at Vanderbilt University specializing in the cultural history of medicine

Scholarly article supporting: Diabetes and race. A historical perspective

Reference: Tuchman A. M. (2011). Diabetes and race. A historical perspective. American journal of public health, 101(1), 24–33. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2010.202564

Benefits of content: Content is beneficial not only to the target audience but also to the general public, as the content is from the perspective of underrepresented communities, thereby giving insight to racial and cultural sensitivity

DEI criteria: Diversity is present as it addresses the issue of diabetes in the lives of black, indigenous, and other people of color. It does not exhibit any exclusivity as it aims to broaden the knowledge of the general public.

Retrieved from: diaTribe.org (blogs)

Target audience: Diabetics in the LGBTQ community, Diabetics, general public

Evidence based content: No. Blogs containing personal perspectives and stories.

Scholarly article supporting: LGBTQ+ Supportive and Inclusive Care Practices: Survey Data From the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative.

Reference: Flores Garcia, J., Majidi, S., Mungmode, A., Reid, M. W., Demeterco-Berggen, C., Rioles, N., Ochoa-Maya, M., Maahs, D. M., McDonough, R. J., Ebekozien, O., & Raymond, J. K. (2025). LGBTQ+ Supportive and Inclusive Care Practices: Survey Data From the T1D Exchange Quality Improvement Collaborative. Diabetes Spectrum, 38(2), 124–132. https://doi.org/10.2337/ds24-0025

Benefits of content: Content is particularly beneficial to those in the LGBTQ community who may have no other resources or support in living with diabetes. Provides an outlet to self-publish personal stories and views.

DEI criteria: Diversity representative of LGBTQ community. No exclusivity noted.