Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Public Law 93-112)

forbids organizations receiving federal funding from discriminating against people with disabilities

allows people with disabilities equal access to benefits and services

adresses Free Appropriate Public Education

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) 1990

prohibits discrimination in employment settings, transportation, telecommunications, public accommodations, as well as state and local government programs/services

originally focused heavily on aspects of employment

directly benefits qualified individuals with disabilities

relates to Procedural Safeguards

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Amendments Act of 2008

amended the ADA of 1990

stated that an impairment that limits one or more major life activities can be considered a disability

prohibits employment discrimination based on disability

covers discrimination of uncorrected vision as well

relates to Procedural Safeguards and Appropriate Evaluation

Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) of 1975

established FAPE for children with disabilities

• Free Appropriate Public Education

• Individualized Education Programs (IEPs)

• Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)

• Transition plans

amended in 1990 and became the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments of 1986

created nationwide awareness/commitment to increasing the quality of services for families with individuals who have special needs

gave states financial support for providing services to families with handicapped infants and toddlers

made appropriate and free public education available to all children ages 3 through 5

mostly relates to FAPE and Parent Participation

changed Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EHA) to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)

also known as the 1990 Amendments

expanded list of disabilities by adding autism and traumatic brain injury (TBI)

added transition planning to an individual's IEP at age 16

acknowledged and identified assistive technology devices/services

rewrote/reauthorized discretionary programs

relates most to FAPE, LRE, and IEP

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997

amended again in 1999

educational services will not be taken away from individuals with disabilities who have been suspended or expelled

ensured due process and interim placement

amended IEPS, FAPE, and transition planning now occurs at age 14

final reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004

reading, early intervention, and research-based instruction are heavily emphasized

required special education teachers to be highly qualified

mostly related to Appropriate Evaluation and Procedural Safeguards

No Child Left Behind Act of 2001

expanded on Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)

centered around reauthorizing many federal elementary aid programs and secondary education aid programs

intended to aide in fostering malleability, accountability, and free-will of choice, so that all children with special needs will be rightly accommodated

truly addresses all pillars of special education, in my opinion

Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Citizens (PARC) v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1972)

14 families with children with special needs involved in the lawsuit

fought against public schools being able to deny individuals with disabilities an education

resulted in these principles going forward:

• due process

• LRE

• Zero Reject

• Free public education

• Individualized education

Board of Education of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley, 458 U.S. 176 (1982)

lawsuit filed by Amy Rowley's family whose school refused to hire a sign language interpreter for Amy

set the precedent of helping students live up to their full potential

later challenged by Endrew (Ch. 1 of our textbook) to ensure progress during this attempt to allow students to live up to their full potential

relates to all pillars of special education

Daniel R.R. v. State Board of Education took place in 1989

child with down syndrome's family forced their school district to comply with Education of the Handicapped Act

court deemed that a district who fails to place the child in need in a classroom with non-handicapped students violates EHA

established cirriculum modifications and combined classrooms

largely accredited for laying down the guidelines for LRE

Oberti v. Board of Education of the Borough of Clementon (1993)

student with down syndrome's family challenged educational placement of their child

focused on inclusion vs exclusion in educational settings regarding students with speicial needs/disabilities

set the precedent of not removing students from general ed. classrooms except in absolutely necessary situations

heavily focuses on LRE

Cedar Rapids Community School District v. Garret F. (1999)

court case involved a paralyzed child who still wanted to attend oublic school and receive an education but could not do so due to the school's lack of medical resources

ruled in favor of schools providing medical services to disabled students who need them on a regular basis to be able to attend school and receive their education

expanded IDEA's definition of "related services" for students with disabilities

largely attributes to FAPE, LRE, and Procedural Safeguards