Sooji Penny Andres by Sooji Chung https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj en-us 2022-06-05 01:23:51 UTC 2022-06-08 17:12:07 UTC hello@padlet.com 2. Deaf-Blindness sjchung https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211139936 - Hearing and visual impairments, or the combination
- Causes severe communication and other developmental needs
- Education needs to be 
accommodated in special education programs
- http://sinche.uom.gr/sites/default/files/14_disability_categories_under_idea.pdf]]> 2022-06-05 01:26:31 UTC https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211139936 3. Deafness sjchung https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211140000 - A hearing impairment 
- Severely impaired in processing linguistic information through
hearing, with or without amplification, that adversely affects a child's educational performance. 
- http://sinche.uom.gr/sites/default/files/14_disability_categories_under_idea.pdf]]> 2022-06-05 01:26:46 UTC https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211140000 1. Autism sjchung https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211140401 - A developmental disability significantly affects communication and social
interaction.
- Generally evident before age three
- Affects a child’s educational
performance.
http://sinche.uom.gr/sites/default/files/14_disability_categories_under_idea.pdf]]> 2022-06-05 01:28:20 UTC https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211140401 4. Developmental Delay sjchung https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211140566 A delay in one
or more of the following areas: physical development; cognitive development; communication; social
or emotional development; or adaptive [behavioral] development. 
http://sinche.uom.gr/sites/default/files/14_disability_categories_under_idea.pdf]]> 2022-06-05 01:29:01 UTC https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211140566 5. Emotional Disturbance sjchung https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211140804 A condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics: 
(a) An inability to learn that cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors.
(b) An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers.
(c) Inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances.
(d) A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression.
(e) A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems. 
http://sinche.uom.gr/sites/default/files/14_disability_categories_under_idea.pdf]]> 2022-06-05 01:29:57 UTC https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211140804 14. Visual Impairment Including Blindness https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211140845 An impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects a child’s educational performance. The term includes both partial sight and blindness.

Children and youth with visual impairment should still have access to a range of services for their education and social support. Students with visual impairment should work with certified professionals who in turn work with other educational team members to ensure that the students have access to the general education curriculum and the related services that are identified on their Individualized Education Programs.

Resources:
http://sinche.uom.gr/sites/default/files/14_disability_categories_under_idea.pdf
https://www.cde.state.co.us/cdesped/sd-vision]]> 2022-06-05 01:30:09 UTC https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211140845 13. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211140907 An open or closed head injury to the brain caused by an external physical force (blow, bump or jolt), resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both, that negatively affects a child's educational performance. 
The result can be impairments in one or more areas, such as cognition; language; memory; attention; reasoning; abstract thinking; judgment; problem-solving; sensory, perceptual, and motor abilities; psychosocial behavior; physical functions; information processing; and speech.
The term does not apply to brain injuries that are congenital or degenerative, or to brain injuries induced by birth trauma.

Treatments:
For mild TBI, the main treatment is rest and pain-relievers.
For moderate to severe TBI, treatments may include: surgery, medicine, and/or rehabilitation therapies.

Resources:
http://sinche.uom.gr/sites/default/files/14_disability_categories_under_idea.pdf
https://medlineplus.gov/traumaticbraininjury.html
]]> 2022-06-05 01:30:24 UTC https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211140907 7. Intellectual Disability (formerly known as Mental Retardation) sjchung https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211140918 Intellectual disability (ID), once called mental retardation, is described as having below-average mental ability and skills necessary for day-to-day living. People with ID are still able to learn new skills. However, they learn more slowly than others. 
Someone with ID affects functioning in these two areas: 
  • Intellectual functioning- known as IQ.  Person’s ability to learn, reason, make decisions, and solve problems.
  • Adaptive behaviors - Skills necessary for daily life activities, such as communication, interact with others, and independent living.
Resource:
https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/intellectual-disability/what-is-intellectual-disability

Accommodations for Students with Intellectual Disabilities
  • Using small steps - breaking down learning task into small and easy steps.
  • Modify teaching to be more hands-on - abstract concept is difficult for students with ID. Teacher demonstration makes students with ID understand the concept better.  
  • Think visual
  • Feedback book or chart - immediate and consistent feedback benefits students with ID. Feedback book allows the student to see their progress.
  • Encourage music in the classroom
  • Provide visual stimulus-  help students with ID to focus and involved in their learning. 

Assistive Technology to Help Students with Intellectual Disability

  • Tools of common use such as hearing aids,
  • Pens with special grip,
  • Alternative computer peripherals like keyboards and mouse
  • speech-to-text recognition tools
  • spell and grammar checkers
  • touch control devices
  • AT visualizers
  • Advanced computer-enabled communication tools
  • Graphic Organizers

Resource:
https://numberdyslexia.com/assistive-technology-for-students-with-intellectual-disabilities/
]]> 2022-06-05 01:30:25 UTC https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211140918 12. Speech or Language Impairment https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211140946 Examples are: stuttering, impaired articulation, language impairment, or voice impairment.
Speech and language therapists are usually the most helpful in these cases.

Some tips for teachers:
1. Learn about the student’s specific disability.
2. Recognize that you can make a difference in this student’s life.
3. Search the student's Individual Education Plan
4. Accommodate when necessary in the classroom.
5. Consult with others, especially professionals.
6. Find materials that may be available.
7. Communicate with the student's guardians and educational leaders.

Resources: http://sinche.uom.gr/sites/default/files/14_disability_categories_under_idea.pdf
https://www.parentcenterhub.org/speechlanguage/#teachers]]> 2022-06-05 01:30:33 UTC https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211140946 8. Multiple Disabilities sjchung https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211140958 Multiple disabilities refers to a combination of conditions such as intellectual disability-blindness, intellectual disability-orthopedic impairment, etc.  Students with severe disabilities are typically included under this umbrella terminology.
However, multiple disabilities do not include deaf-blindness as it has its own classification under IDEA.

Assistive technology to help Students with Multiple Disabilities (Which Assistive technology (AT) to use will depend on the disability involved)
These are some examples of helpful AT: 

  • Computers
  • Augmentative/alternative communication systems
  • Communication board
  • Head sticks
  • adaptive switches  

Resource:
https://www.parentcenterhub.org/multiple/
]]> 2022-06-05 01:30:37 UTC https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211140958 11. Specific Learning Disability https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211140984 Disorders in psychological processes that limit using or understanding language. Examples are: perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia. 

Signs of specific learning disabilities:

  • Persistent difficulties in reading, writing, arithmetic, or mathematical reasoning
  • Inaccurate or slow and effortful reading or writing
  • Poor written expression that lacks clarity
  • Difficulties remembering number facts
  • Inaccurate mathematical reasoning

What to do when a student has a specific learning disability?
1. Get to know the child’s specific diagnosis
2. Find a specialist
3. Classroom accommodations
4. Create and follow individualised educational plans

Resources:
http://sinche.uom.gr/sites/default/files/14_disability_categories_under_idea.pdf 
https://www.churchillstl.org/learning-disability-resources/specific-learning-disabilities/
]]> 2022-06-05 01:30:42 UTC https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211140984 9. Orthopedic Impairment sjchung https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211141008 Orthopedic Impairment is defined as a disability relating to bones, joints, or muscles, that adversely affects child's education performance.

Causes of Orthopedic Impairment
* Musculoskeletal Disorders or Congenital anomaly [birth defects]
Defects or disorders of the bones and muscles. Limb deficiency - missing part or all of a limb due to trauma, disease, or a birth disorder such as clubfoot.

* Neuromotor Impairments
Involves the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) that affects the child’s ability to move, feel, or use certain parts of the body. Spina bifida, cerebral palsy, and spinal injuries are types of neuromotor impairments.

* Degenerative Diseases
Impairment caused by disease. Degenerative diseases such as muscular dystrophy affect motor movement. It is a genetic disorder that causes a loss of muscle mass and progressive weakness over time. 

Assistive Technology for Students with Orthopedic Impairment
  • speech recognition software
  • screen reading software
  • augmentative and alternative communication devices (such as communication boards)
  • academic software packages for students with disabilities

For mobility:
  • canes
  • walkers
  • crutches
  • wheelchairs
  • specialized exercise equipment
  • specialized chairs, desks, and tables for proper posture development

Resource:
http://www.projectidealonline.org/v/orthopedic-impairments/

Accommodations for Students with Orthopedic Impairment
  • Special seating arrangements, larger tables
  • Note-taking assistance
  • Instruction focused on impairments in and the improvement of gross and fine motor skills
  • Securing assistive technology and augmentative communication devices
  • Extended time to complete assignments, and;
  • Teacher awareness of student’s condition and its affect (such as tiring easily).

Resource:
https://www.brighthubeducation.com/special-ed-physical-disabilities/71266-common-classroom-modifications-for-students-with-orthopedic-impairments/


]]> 2022-06-05 01:30:48 UTC https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211141008 10. Other Health Impairment https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211141043 Other Health Impairment (OHI) covers a range of conditions. IDEA has stated OHI means having limited strength, vitality, or alertness, including a heightened alertness to environmental stimuli, that results in limited alertness with respect to the educational environment, that is due to chronic or acute health problems that adversely affects educational performance. 

These are the conditions that IDEA has mentioned:
  • asthma
  • ADD or ADHD 
  • diabetes
  • epilepsy
  • heart condition
  • hemophilia
  • lead poisoning
  • leukemia
  • nephritis
  • rheumatic fever
  • sickle cell anemia
  • Tourette syndrome

Other health impairments that are not mentioned in IDEA as it is considered as not t exhaustive, but rather provide problems that children have that could make them eligible for special education and related services under the category of other health impairment. 

  • fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS),
  • bipolar disorders,
  • dysphagia, and
  • other organic neurological disorders.

]]> 2022-06-05 01:30:55 UTC https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211141043 6. Hearing Impairment peneloppynourse https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211145164 "Hearing impairment" is a technical term used by IDEA to classify hearing loss in children. Hearing impairment is defined as any decrease in hearing, whether permanent or fluctuating that negatively affects a child's ability to perform in school.  Deafness is defined by the Act as a hearing impairment that is so severe that impairs the processing of language information in with or without the support of hearing amplification.

3 types of hearing loss according to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association:


Assistive Technology for Students with Hearing Impairment:

  • Assistive Listening Devices (ALDs) are personal technology that can help a person with hearing impairment to communicate in one-to-one conversations.
  • Hearing Aids: amplification devices that amplify sound. Hearing aids need to be used in a quiet and structured environment, and the user to be close to the sound source.
  • Frequency-Modulated (FM) Amplification Systems: FM amplification systems create a link between the teacher (with microphone) and the hearing aid for the HI student. 
  • Audio Loops: Audio Loops are adaptations of Frequency-Modulated (FM) amplify sound directly through to the hearing aid. 
  • Infrared Systems: this new technology uses a transmitter to send the sound invisibly to hearing-impaired listeners. 
  • Cochlear Implants: enables the wearer to hear sounds previously indistinguishable by bypassing the damaged part of the inner ear and stimulating the healthy nerves.
  • Captioning is the text of the audio portion of a video or film displayed directly on the video or film, often on the bottom of the screen.
  • Communication Access Realtime Translation (CART) is the verbatim text of spoken presentations on live events. The text is provided on a computer screen or projected for display on a larger screen.
Resource:
https://www.hearingloss.org/hearing-help/technology/hat/

Accommodations for Students with Hearing Impairment
  • Seating arrangement. Have student sit closer to the front of the class to speech read (read lips) or hear teacher more clearly.
  • Consider seating changes. Arrange chairs in your in a U-shape or circle so that students with hearing loss can better interact with classmates.
  • Designate a quiet area for  student to work.
  • Use an FM system. To help a student with hearing problems hear their teachers better in a noisy classroom. 
  • Face students when you speak. Talk slowly and clearly, and don't yell. As long as they have their devices on, you can speak in a normal tone. 
  • Use lots of pictures, graphics, and text labels. 
  • Use technology to make learning easier.
  • Allow extra time for the student to respond. Allow extra time on tests.
  • Repeat directions/questions if necessary 
  •  Frequently check for the student’s understanding 
  • Assign a note-taker to share their notes with the DHH student
  • Talk about and celebrate differences. Focus on the interests that kids share. Be mindful of bullying, and keep a zero-tolerance policy for that behavior.
  • Encourage participation in classroom activities, physical education, and extracurricular activities.

Resource:
https://www.wacsep.org/cms/lib4/CA01001768/Centricity/Domain/57/DHH%20Accommodations%20and%20Strategies.pdf
]]> 2022-06-05 01:49:50 UTC https://padlet.com/sjchung/ez1n92nqaoa7l8vj/wish/2211145164