https://padlet.com/valgal344/eyb4k8eyrl66 for what mccaff didn't teach en-us 2019-03-20 16:26:30 UTC 2019-03-23 03:01:45 UTC hello@padlet.com https://padlet-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/icons/Optimplaces.png valgal344 https://padlet.com/valgal344/eyb4k8eyrl66/wish/343424349 In the 1920's, some of the U.S grew rapidly while rural areas began to suffer from overproduction problems. Additionally, incomes were disproportionate. The U.S employed the laissez faire ideology (free market economy), but Congress passed increased tariffs on imports (customs duties). This contributed to the growing financial problems that were in part due to the lack of regulation over investments and loans. Investments, loans, and credit were all fairly new concepts that made countries more dependent on one another as they all contributed to the global economy.]]> 2019-03-20 16:30:06 UTC https://padlet.com/valgal344/eyb4k8eyrl66/wish/343424349 valgal344 https://padlet.com/valgal344/eyb4k8eyrl66/wish/343881892 Franklin D. Roosevelt launched the New Deal, an economic policy, in hopes of ending the GD. The New Deal can be identified as three waves of economic policies from 1933-1939.
The First New Deal
FDR began his policy immediately after he was inaugurated on March 4, 1933 when he announced the first National Bank Holiday; the "holiday" was designated to allow banks to examine their accounts until they could declare financial security again. Some other notable policies included the Beer-Wine Revenue Act, that ended prohibition to profit off alcohol taxes, and the Federal Emergency act that funded a wide variety of jobs. Other accomplishments of this period including eliminating gold standards and established basic work restrictions (minimum wage, daily hours, abolished child labor).
The Second New Deal
After the Supreme Court declared the National Industrial Recovery Act (funded public work projects) in 1935, FDR introduced even more New Deal programs as a "second round". These programs focused mainly on helping the poor, unemployed, and farmers that were still suffering despite the work done during the first phase of the New Deal.
The Third New Deal
In 1937, FDR pushed out more programs but they were limited due to budget restraints. Because of the cutback on funding for social programs, the US began to slip back towards economic conditions from before. FDR urged Congress to invest $5 B in relief programs to prevent this.]]> 2019-03-21 16:27:29 UTC https://padlet.com/valgal344/eyb4k8eyrl66/wish/343881892 valgal344 https://padlet.com/valgal344/eyb4k8eyrl66/wish/343882057 Canada's dependence and influence from the US is  what caused it to follow the US right into the GD. The three main causes included: over-reliance on exports, overproduction, and the stock market crash. In the 1920's Canada's economy depended on staple exports such as wheat, but they were increasingly facing competition from different countries as well as losing out to countries that were becoming self-sufficient. Additionally, post WWI economies limited countries ability to import products from other nations making Canada lose out on business. Because Canada was not able to sell its product, it faced similar problems of overproduction to the US; this lead to workers being laid off to cut down production making the problem even worse. Lastly, Canada also faced similar problems as the US as people were not familiar with investments and loans; during 1929, Canadian stocks lost $5 B and the following year the largest 50 companies in the country fell under by 50%. ]]> 2019-03-21 16:27:47 UTC https://padlet.com/valgal344/eyb4k8eyrl66/wish/343882057 valgal344 https://padlet.com/valgal344/eyb4k8eyrl66/wish/343882527 Latin America also took a big hit from the GD because their economy was dependent on other countries that were suffering from the economy going under. LA's economy was dependent on exporting staple commodities similar to Canada, and they had even more staple products including: coffee, silver, cotton, sugar, tobacco, etc. Prior to the 1929 crash, LA was already beginning to face hard times as world prices for staple products fell. One of the only exceptions to this hard time was Venezuela who continued to profit off their production of oil. The rise of unemployment caused an influx of political protests against government systems accused of being corrupt and mismanaging money. Many coups to replace government were launched and successful; the early years of the GD produced new governments that were controlling and limited public spending to a minimum. LA also combated the problem of overproduction by storing and when burning the surplus; this was based in central economic planning to help regulate domestic production for a country's needs.]]> 2019-03-21 16:28:30 UTC https://padlet.com/valgal344/eyb4k8eyrl66/wish/343882527 valgal344 https://padlet.com/valgal344/eyb4k8eyrl66/wish/343882658 During the GD, African-Americans experienced the highest unemployment rate; "last hired, first fired" was used to describe African-Americans situation. Additionally, since they were already paid less in lower positions African-Americans had less of a financial cushion to depend on. Hundreds of thousands of African-Americans joined "The Great Migration" moving from the rural South to the urban North. The beginning of the GD also had the beginnings of African-Americans Civil Rights movement, which grew after WWI. The GD, also overturned the pattern of African-Americans voting for the Republican Party (known as Lincoln's party) by advocating for FDR's presidency, who was under the Democratic Party. They made a wise choice, as during FDR's presidency the "Black Cabinet" was formed because he hired more African-Americans than before in government. However, FDR's New Deal policies didn't do anything in regards to abolishing Jim Crow Laws or mitigating racial discrimination.

On the other hand, women to some extent benefited from the GD as they were able to retain their "service" jobs unlike their husbands jobs that were usually industrial. Although their pay was lowered and even late at times, it was vital to their families. While men's employment rates fell, women's rose, but they faced criticism over "robbing" jobs from men; even teachers at women's colleges encouraged students to not pursue a career after graduating to allow men to take their space. This was reflected in policy-making as New Deal Programs tried to cast women back into the housewife role. The Civilian Conservation Corps (1933) had a formal policy against hiring women. Additionally, through FERA (Federal Emergency Relief Administration), young women were taught household skills like cooking and sewing. Women from minority groups in particular as white men were the main preference, and after them white women.

]]> 2019-03-21 16:28:46 UTC https://padlet.com/valgal344/eyb4k8eyrl66/wish/343882658 valgal344 https://padlet.com/valgal344/eyb4k8eyrl66/wish/343882811 Through FDR's New Deal, artists were employed to make art of all kinds in Roosevelt's efforts to employ many through public work projects. Artists used this opportunity to comment on the social and political state the country was in seeing themselves as the poor, working class as well. Artists supported all kinds of political messages in their art from promoting strikes by the overworked, underpaid dock workers in San Francisco to raising awareness over the horrible realities blacks faced in the South. Art also served to narrate history in a visual way. In addition to visual arts, regional music prior to the GD became popularized: jazz, folk, and the blues all which had their roots in the South by whites and blacks. The GD also gave way to the formation of Hollywood as film-making also provided Americans with jobs as well as entertainment to take their minds off the economic instability being faced. The Hollywood grand happy ending gained popularity for people to escape reality. Additionally, only nine major studios were stable enough to continue allowing them to consolidate into the Hollywood industry without so many competing studios. ]]> 2019-03-21 16:29:02 UTC https://padlet.com/valgal344/eyb4k8eyrl66/wish/343882811