• Semantics - the words people speak (vocabulary)
• Syntax - sentence arrangement
• Pragmatics - how oral communication works in the real world
• Morphology - formation and structure of words in multiple languages
• Phonology - sounds of speech

1. Consonants & short vowel sounds
2. Consonant digraphs and blends
3. Long vowel/final e
4. Long vowel digraphs
5. Other vowel patterns
6. Syllable patterns
7. Affixes"

Thus, my conclusion from all of this, is that reading rate is not an issue to be overly concerned with, and slow reading is not the problem. However, it is a symptom and it often is likely to appear to be implicated in poor comprehension.
Slow reading is a symptom, not a malady.
Instead of trying to teach students to read faster, it is essential to make certain that they are able to decode easily and continuously, and to maintain their concentration.

1. Student placed vocal emphasis on appropriate words.
2. Student's voice tone rose and fell at appropriate points in the text.
3. Student's inflection reflected the punctuation in the text (e.g., voice tone rose near the end of a question).
4. In narrative text with dialogue, student used appropriate vocal tone to represent characters' mental states, such as excitement, sadness, fear, or confidence.
5. Student used punctuation to pause appropriately at phrase boundaries.
6. Student used prepositional phrases to pause appropriately at phrase boundaries.
7. Student used subject-verb divisions to pause appropriately at phrase boundaries.
8. Student used conjunctions to pause appropriately at phrase boundaries.

11 Alternatives to round robin (and popcorn) reading. Edutopia. https://www.edutopia.org/blog/alternatives-to-round-robin-reading-todd-finley

Straub Middle School Choral Reading and Response [Video]. Streaming Service. https://youtu.be/ArJkNCt7p64

Partnership for Reading (n.d.). "Fluency: An Introduction". Reading Rockets. https://www.readingrockets.org/article/fluency-introduction

Shanahan, T. (2019, January 7). How Important is Reading Rate? Reading Rockets. https://www.readingrockets.org/blogs/shanahan-literacy/how-important-reading-rate 

• Spelling 
• Capitalization 
• Punctuation 
• Handwriting 
• Keyboarding
• Organization of ideas
  • Sentence structure 
  • Paragraph
  • Essays

• A ‘one’ if they can use the word in a sentence and understand its meaning without any help.
• A ‘two’ if they have heard of the word and understand it but would not be able to describe it without support.
• A ‘three’ if it is a new word they do not know. 

• Vocabulary (word choice) 
• Details (elaboration)
• Expression of ideas 

• Planning 
• Drafting
• Revising
• Getting feedback 
• Editing
• Publishing
• Translating

• Form, writing can vary in from narrative, expository, descriptive, rhetoric. 
• Genre, the style of the writing. Writings are group together when they have common tone, form, purpose, and theme. 
• Audience, writing is a connection between author and audience. The author can choose to interact with the audience through all aspects of writing. That interaction will determine how the author chooses words, writes sentences, includes content, etc. Factoring the audience into the writing is a high-level concept of writing.